VIEWS ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING

Transcription

1 VIEWS ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING Christine GEORGES CEA/DEN/DDCC Brussels, January 23th, 2018 Brussels, January 22th, 2018 PAGE 1 1

2 1. STILL NEEDS FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN D&ER Various dismantling techniques allready at the level of industrial maturity But still specific challenges ahead regarding safety, environmental impacts, efficiency and cost-effectiveness PAGE 2

3 EXAMPLES OF NEEDS FROM R&D FOR D&ER IN SITU AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION Better knowledge of radiological and physical states before, during and after D&D for best scenario and to control hazards Better predictive data for treatment, storage/disposal facilities Reduction of integrated doses Optimization of samplings INTERVENTIONS IN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS Segmentation and handling : Improvement of cutting yields with limited airsols and waste Comparison of scenarios, qualification, training, communication DECONTAMINATION AND SITE RELEASE Increased efficiency for strucure and soil decontamination, adapted to site utilities Waste optimization WASTE AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT Efficient treatment for complex radioactive wastes Minimization of generated waste (e.g. Thermal processes, new matrices, Treatment of Mercury, Sodium, Tritium, etc. METHODS AND IT TOOLS FOR D&D Tools for estimation of overall costs Tools for transportation and waste management Tools for simulation of scenarios and data management, Network of interconnected operational IT tools for management and anticipation. 3

4 2. MORE IMPULSE NEEDED TO USE RESULTS OF R&D IN D&ER On one hand: Increasing difficulties for Individual countries to justify expenditures on new developments Reluctance to use innovative technologies and search for approved technologies to minimize risks On the other hand: Significant redundancy in current R&D programmes for Decommissioning in different countries Lot of exchanges between operators one by one or through IAEA/OCDE or bilateral collaboration agreement but very difficult to build projects in common in D&ER before 2017 (beginning in 2017 with H2020 projects INSIDER, THERAMIN) Incentives to SHARE initiative as an output of Madrid 2016 conference: Need of Public research to provide solutions to D&ER challenges Promotion and organization at multinational level of the co-financing of R&D developments in D&ER by actors with common objectives PAGE 4

5 «SHARE» INITIATIVE SCOPE & EXPECTED IMPACT Scope: To strengthen international networking and complementarity between national research programmes for decommissioning: Identification of R&I needs by actors in charge of D&ER projects Identification of innovative techniques and methods where there is a clear benefit from multiparty implementation. Depending on TRL level: R&I cofinanced, licenses for industrialization, mutualized pilot workshops, etc. Proposal of possible funding schemes for collaborative projects addressing those needs and development of a framework for coordination of the implementation of selected projects Create a place for Periodical exchanges to update the road map and initiate new projects in common Decision to propose this project under EURATOM Research and Training Programme Horizon 2020 as an Initial step: 2 years Coordination and Support Action (CSA) PAGE 5

6 CALL EURATOM H2020 PUBLISHED OCTOBER 26 TH PAGE 6

7 SCHEDULE ZOOM 2017/2018 First Draft * DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Meetings * * * * Designation of WP leaders Choice of PMO * List of partners Call WP2018 dead line for submission WP2018 Implementation SHARE future RTD call for R&D Implementation of cofinanced R&D PAGE 7

8 SOURCES AND LINKS When writing the proposal, as imputs from past initiatives and in the future as partners:: JOPRAD JP-RWM, OECD WPDD, CPD, NI2050, (WIKI, etc.), Environet, IPN, etc. EC (DB Tool, TND, CND, various platforms ) Outputs from conferences and workshops Websites (e.g: IRID, etc.) etc. PAGE 8

9 ACTORS INVOLVED THE PROJECT Consortium core group having the capability to address all the topics of the call and to dedicate time in the project composed by no more than a dozen of institutions profile : mainly problem owners Includes work package leaders and Topics leads Expert Review Panel Direct involvement in project information flow, in particular reviewing, assessing and commenting upon the project deliverables. Consortium Expert Review pannel Broader stakeholdergroup Broader stakeholder-group Key source of information concerning needs and priorities, in particular through feed-back to questionnaires and workshops. - Cooperation with non-eu countries seen as a potential promising path - International organizations (IAEA, OECD ) providing technical support 9 9

10 WAY FORWARDS List of partners to be fixed by end of 2017 and list of advisory committee by March 2018 All entities involved in R&I for D&ER are welcome and, at least will be contacted as stakeholders Call EU H2020 WP2018 October 2017 End of September 2018 PAGE 10

11 DEM2018 Avignon October 22th /24th International conference focused on D&ER 5 previous editions : 1992, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013 In 2013: 115 oral papers, 355 participants from 22 countries Up to now : 209 papers registered for DEM2018 PAGE 11

12 DEM2018 call for paper and registration Dismantling Strategy and Program Development Regulation Evolution Initial Radiological State Characterization Project Feedback Experience Buildings and Sites Rehabilitation Material and Radioactive Waste Management Economic and Financial Aspects Stakeholders Involvements and Public Acceptance Development of New D&Ds' Technologies Digital Contribution to Dismantling Operations Fukushima: feedback and operation in progress 12 PAGE 12 12

13 CONCLUSION CEA among other operators is in charge of numerous facilities under decommissioning and of legacy waste, with contamination levels sometimes very high, and a wide diversity from laboratory scale to industrial plants. R&D has a special role in support of these programs, helping: - to reduce cost, schedule, doses and optimize waste management - to improve safety and security Opportunity for sharing with other contracting authorities the development of solutions on same challenges 13

14 Thank you for your attention Hope to see you in Avignon next October PAGE 14 PAGE 14

15 PAGE 15 ANNEXES

16 SPECIAL FEATURES OF CEA D&ER PROJECTS 600 M /year 800 CEA employees and about 2500 employees from supply chain Wide variety of facilities with no series effect Reactors: pool-type, fast breeder, gas graphite Accelerators and irradiators, Fuel cycle laboratories, workshops and plants Waste treatment and storage facilities Different facility sizes Reactors: Ulysse (piloting training) -> Phénix (Industrial) Facilities : FAR or LAMA -> UP1 High contaminated areas Wide Waste diversity History and traceability of Old nuclear facilities P 16

17 SCOPE UNDER NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY LHA, ULYSSE, OSIRIS, INB 72, ORPHEE Fontenay-aux- Roses INB 165 & 166: STED/STEL RM2, Bldg. 18 Saclay APM, UP1, PHENIX G1, G2, G3 Marcoule Grenoble Cadarache SILOETTE, MELUSINE, SILOE, Active materials analysis lab (LAMA), effluent and waste treatment station (STED/STEL) HARMONIE, RAPSODIE, PHEBUS ATPu, ATUE, STED, INB56, EOLE- MINERVE, MCMF COMPLETED ON GOING UPCOMING PAGE 17 PAGE 17

18 SCOPE (LEGACY WASTE, EFFLUENTS, USED FUEL) UNDER NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY INB 72 INB 35 INB 166 Tank emptying in ATALANTE facility Saclay Fontenay-aux- Roses CIRCE (effluents container) UP1 Mg pits INB 72 Grenoble UP1 : RCD bitumen and other waste PHENIX Marcoule Cadarache Trenches (INB56 CAD) RCD 56 PEGASE Hangar Piscine PEGASE Bitumen drums Effluents Legacy waste Recovery of waste in pits Used fuel PAGE 18 PAGE 18

19 NUCLEAR SUPPORT FACILITIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT 19

20 PROJECTS DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO A DIVISION OF THE NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR Enhancement of the clean-up & dismantling project jobs Nuclear Energy Sector Scientific division Functional divisions Quality & environment directorate Human resources division Strategic partnership & industrial concerns Director Strategic divisions Innovation and nuclear support Division Dismantling Division for civilian applications Transversal programs CEA/Marcoule Management CEA/Cadarache Management Nuclear activities division (Saclay) Operational divisions Départements Départements Department Départements Départements Department Départements Départements Department Projet A&D et RCD Projet A&D et RCD Clean-up and dismantling units PAGE 20 20

21 FACILITY AND SOIL CHARACTERIZATION Smaller non destructive techniques coupled for 3D cartographies : α, γ or neutron camera, autoradiography, OSL, LIBS, Raman, Geostatistics Better knowledge of radiological and physical states to control hazards Reduction of integrated doses Optimization of samplings Geostatistics Cs % Cs % Rh % Sb ,00% Gamma camera Portable Measure for 90 Sr Alpha camera LIBS Autoradiography Gamma/Spectrométry / 21 contamination in concrete

22 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION Mobile and multi-purpose systems Passive and active neutronic measurement Modeling with pre- and postmeasurement imagery less uncertainties Waste minimization Better predictive data for treatment, storage/disposal facilities Mesures neutroniques passive pour Uranium Passive neutronic measurement of Uranium Simulation and images Neutronic measures for U and Pu Coupling of methods 22

23 INTERVENTIONS IN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS Remote handling system MAESTRO Laser cutting 3D simulation and virtual reality Improvement of cutting yields with limited airesols and waste Comparison of alternative scenarios and qualification Immersive Room Studies Implementation New equipment Pilot workshop design Remote handing simulation Dose rate simulation Human operation simulation Whole scenario simulation Operator training Assistance for real operations PAGE 23 23

24 MAESTRO SYSTEM CONCEPT Several factory tools, have been studied, developed and qualified. Nibbler Gamma camera Laser torch Drill Alternating saw Offset screwdriver Hydraulic shears Video camera Disk grinder Screwdriver IF104 radiation probe PAGE 24

25 MAESTRO PERSPECTIVES Pétrus Building 18 Rapsodie UP1 Dissolvers MAR 200 APM Phénix UP1 - AVM P25 PAGE 25

26 Before After 26

27 27

28 REMOTE DISMANTLING OF THE DISSOLVERS The use of Virtual Reality to secure the project Optimization of cutting sequences Modification of video cameras positions Simplification of the mock-up testing program RESULTS Modification of tool rack design Operators formation Assessment of Maestro arm introduction into dissolver stack PAGE 28

29 STRUCTURE AND SOIL DECONTAMINATION Self-drying gels, coating gels, Laser ablation Viscous foams or active solutions Float foams and supercritical fluid Decontamination techniques for radioactive solids, structures and soils adapted to site utilities Waste optimization CO2 Supercritique Foams and gels for Decontamination Decontamination by Laser Flotation foam 29 PAGE 29

30 WASTE TREATMENT AND CONDITIONNING Innovative Cs and Sr sorbents Hydrothermal oxidation or plasma incineration In-can melting and new matrices Treatment of waste with Mercury, Sodium, Tritium,etc. Increased decontamination efficiency Efficient treatment for complex radioactive wastes Minimization of generated waste Geopolymer Matrices Plasma sous eau pour liquides organiques corrosifs Plasma under water New adsorbents Na treatment PAGE 30 30

31 NEW BUILDINGS AND WORKSHOPS IVAN ICARE Hot IVAN ICARE Cold INES SHADE Sodium wastes storage zones Sodium chloride and cabonate To Rhône river PAGE 31

32 FP CONCENTRATION D&D Characterization of HA deposits in the FP concentration workshop components (up 300 Gy/h) New scenario for the dismantling of the FP concentration workshop Preliminary feasibility and scenario studies completed in September o o 2014 R&D support program required to define HA deposits conditioning process and matrix : 2 years feasibility study 8 years for process development, industrialization and matrix qualification Define a reversible interim storage for HA deposits and ILW-LL metallic waste PAGE 32

33 THE RADIOLOGICAL INVENTORY EVAPORATOR / TANK 71.26B 71.26C 71.46C Volume m ,15 Volume of deposits m 3 0,4 * 0,265 * 0,265 0, Cs activity TBq 900 * 160 * Max. dose rate (in contact with boiler) Gy/h 3,1 1, * Assumption based on investigation and analysis performed on 71.46C TANK 71.21A 71.21B 71.21C 71.21D Tank position (vs evaporator) upstream upstream upstream upstream / downstream Tank Volume m ,2 Sludge Volume m 3 0,5* 0,4 < 1 0,160* Calculated 137 Cs activity (based on Dose Rate) Max. bg activity (measured on sample) 137 Cs total activity (based on sample activity) Max. dose rate measured TBq 2,15E+03 1,03E+03 1,05E+03 1,30E+03 Bq/g dried sample 1,23E+10 1,13E+10 1,02E+10 1,64E+10 TBq 4700* * Gy/h * PAGE 33

34 RECOVERY OF ACTIVES SLUDGES IN CORRIDOR cm thick (estimated) sludge layer on the whole corridor surface area (73 m 2 ) about 3,6m 3 of active deposits (~ 1,3 t/m 3 ) to retrieve PAGE 34

35 LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL Retrieval and conditioning of non bituminized waste UP1 = 75 types of legacy wastes, located in18 different locations: ~ 3150 glass canisters ~ 1630 t of HLW Mg clads ~ 1300 t of powdery waste ~ 1300 drums of alpha-waste Active areas = m t of waste from active areas civil engineering structures, Contaminated equipment, Miscellaneous Very different in they chemical and radionuclide composition; long-lived radionuclides Re-disposal required 35

36 METHODS AND IT TOOLS FOR D&D Tools for estimation of overall costs Tools for transportation and waste management Network of interconnected operational IT tools for management and anticipation 36 PAGE 36