Assessing ecological effects following environmental disasters, and data needs

Transcription

1 Assessing ecological effects following environmental disasters, and data needs Tracy Collier Science Director (until Thursday) Puget Sound Partnership Tacoma, WA USA Environmental Disasters Data Management Workshop!!! National Conservation Training Center! Shepherdstown, WV!! September 16, 2014

2 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters :

3 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters : EXXON Valdez oil spill!!! ( )! Ecosystem and human health

4 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters : EXXON Valdez oil spill!!! ( )! Ecosystem and human health North Cape oil spill!!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health

5 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters : EXXON Valdez oil spill!!! ( )! Ecosystem and human health North Cape oil spill!!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health New Carissa oil spill!!!! (1999)!!! Ecosystem health

6 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters : EXXON Valdez oil spill!!! ( )! Ecosystem and human health North Cape oil spill!!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health New Carissa oil spill!!!! (1999)!!! Ecosystem health Prestige oil spill!!!!!! (2002)!!! Ecosystem and human health

7 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters : EXXON Valdez oil spill!!! ( )! Ecosystem and human health North Cape oil spill!!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health New Carissa oil spill!!!! (1999)!!! Ecosystem health Prestige oil spill!!!!!! (2002)!!! Ecosystem and human health Hurricanes Katrina and Rita! (2005)!!! Human health

8 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters : EXXON Valdez oil spill!!! ( )! Ecosystem and human health North Cape oil spill!!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health New Carissa oil spill!!!! (1999)!!! Ecosystem health Prestige oil spill!!!!!! (2002)!!! Ecosystem and human health Hurricanes Katrina and Rita! (2005)!!! Human health Cosco Busan oil spill!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health

9 Prior to working for PSP, I worked for 30+ years at NOAA s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, where I managed assessments of several environmental disasters : EXXON Valdez oil spill!!! ( )! Ecosystem and human health North Cape oil spill!!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health New Carissa oil spill!!!! (1999)!!! Ecosystem health Prestige oil spill!!!!!! (2002)!!! Ecosystem and human health Hurricanes Katrina and Rita! (2005)!!! Human health Cosco Busan oil spill!!!! ( )! Ecosystem health Since retiring from NWFSC in 2010, I ve been a science advisor to NOAA s Oceans and Human Health Initiative, a technical advisor to NOAA s marine mammal and sea turtle TWGs for the DWH NRDA, and have been informally liaising with NIEHS on their DWH long-term human health study (GuLF).

10 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates

11 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates Water chemistry

12 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates Water chemistry Air chemistry

13 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates Water chemistry Air chemistry Chemicals in biota

14 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates Water chemistry Air chemistry Chemicals in biota Biological measures in individuals

15 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates Water chemistry Air chemistry Chemicals in biota Biological measures in individuals Population metrics

16 New research on petroleum in the water column is raising concerns for eggs and larvae V V A RBCs

17 Cardiac dysfunction from exposure of fish embryos to very low levels of weathered crude oil V A V A RBCs 56 hpf = 189 ± 8 56 hpf = 143 ± 12, p < 10-8

18 Cardiac dysfunction from exposure of fish embryos to very low levels of weathered crude oil V A V A RBCs 56 hpf = 189 ± 8 56 hpf = 143 ± 12, p < 10-8

19 Air chemistry data is a major need for assessing the effects of oil spills on human health; EVOS Trustee Council control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

20 Air chemistry data is a major need for assessing the effects of oil spills on human health; control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

21 The fate of chemicals in biota after oil spills PAHs Uptake Uptake Vertebrates: fast, efficient metabolism Invertebrates: slow, inefficient metabolism Metabolites Reactive intermediates Accumulation in tissues Released in bile Little or no PAHs in issues PAHs in tissues

22 The fate of chemicals in biota after oil spills PAHs Uptake Uptake Vertebrates: fast, efficient metabolism Invertebrates: slow, inefficient metabolism Metabolites Reactive intermediates Accumulation in tissues Released in bile Little or no PAHs in issues PAHs in tissues

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24 Biological measures in individuals, taken during dolphin health evalua6ons

25 Biological measures in individuals, taken during dolphin health evalua6ons Physical exam & ultrasound Blood, urine samples CBC, serum chemistry endocrinology, immunology, serology urinalysis chemical analysis Blubber biopsy Satellite/VHF tagging

26 Biological measures in individuals, taken during dolphin health evalua6ons Physical exam & ultrasound Blood, urine samples CBC, serum chemistry endocrinology, immunology, serology urinalysis chemical analysis Blubber biopsy Satellite/VHF tagging

27 Focus Sites for Tursiops Nearshore Assessments Perdido Bay Mississippi Sound Chandeleur Sound St. Joseph Bay Barataria Bay

28 Longitudinal Vessel- Based Surveys of Remote sampling Photo- for mark- recapture Robust Design abundance for each primary session survival rates across primary sessions Document calving events Dolphin Popula6ons Poster 32:6 L. Schwacke et al. Dolphin Photo- ID, Biopsy, & Capture- Release Photo: NOAA, B. Rone

29 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates Water chemistry! Air chemistry! Chemicals in biota! Biological measures in individuals! Population metrics

30 Types of data useful for determining ecological effects of oil spills, focused on fish and higher vertebrates Water chemistry! Other Air chemistry! Chemicals in biota! Biological measures in individuals! Population metrics

31 Based on my involvement in and observations of the Deepwater Horizon oil release, and previous experience with EXXON Valdez, North Cape, New Carissa, Prestige, Hurricane Katrina, and Cosco Busan, in 2012 I told a group of European response specialists (PREMIAM POLLUTION RESPONSE IN EMERGENCIES: MARINE IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING) that there are pressing needs in the following areas, regarding pollution emergencies:

32 NOAA Fisheries Seafood Safety Response to the Gulf Oil Spill Aquaculture America 2012 Las Vegas, NV! Calvin C. Walker and Cheryl L. Lassitter National Seafood Inspection Laboratory Office of Sustainable Fisheries Pascagoula, MS

33 The use of dispersants Montara EVOS Trustee Council control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted Deepwater Horizon

34 The effects of oil exposure on human health EVOS Trustee Council control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

35 Assessing the effects of oil spills on threatened and endangered species EVOS Trustee Council control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

36 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

37 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

38 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

39 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

40 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

41 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

42 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

43 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species Dispersant use control oiled After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, Pacific herring were heavily impacted

44 Seafood safety Human health EVOS Trustee Council T&E species control oiled Dispersant use While each of these areas requires their own advance planning, response, and monitoring After the EXXON Valdez oil spill, capabilities, interconnections mean that we Pacific herring were heavily need to crosswalk between them in developing impacted strategies for handling pollution emergencies, and especially for sharing data

45 Hazardous chemical releases associated with Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and assessment of seafood safety

46 30,000 chemicals in commerce 400 estimated to be persistent! 4% routinely analyzed! 75% unstudied! Many are designed to kill (pesticides)! Unanticipated (side) effects (e.g. flame retardants)! Pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment discharge! Petroleum = thousands of unstudied chemicals

47 NATURE 437, 22 Sept. 2005

48 Chemicals in Our Waters fossil fuels metals pesticides other commercial chemicals