for The Directorate of Human Settlements Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia

Transcription

1 PRESENTATION for The Directorate of Human Settlements Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia By Ms.Kingdao Intarukdach Water Quality Management Bureau Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Overview of the Presentation Surface Water Resources in Thailand Monitor and Evaluate Water Quality in Water sources Inland Water Quality ( ) Problems Concern With Water Quality and Wastewater Management Sources of Water Pollution Municipal Wastewater Management In Thailand Alternative for Domestic Wastewater Management in Thailand Pilot Project or Case Study for Wastewater Treatment in Thailand On-site Wastewater Treatment Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant Policy on Water Pollution Control for Bring Back Better Natural Water Resources Wastewater Management Measures Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures Management Measures Investment Measures Municipal Wastewater Management 2 1

2 Surface Water Resources in Thailand Surface Water Resources: can be divided into River 25 Basins Salaween Khong Kok Chi Mun Ping Wang Yom Nan Chao Phraya Sakae Krang Pasak Tha Chin Mae Klong Prachinburi Bang Pakong Tonele Sap Eastern Coast Phetchaburi Western Coast South-East Coast Tapi Songkhla Lake Pattani South-West Coast 3 Inland Water Quality Monitoring 620 General Monitoring Stations 48 Automatic Monitoring Stations 4 2

3 620 General Monitoring Stations 48 Main Rivers 4 Standing Surface Water Resources Sampling frequently 3-4 times annually General Monitoring Sampling Stations 5 Monitor and Evaluate Water Quality in Water Sources 48 Automatic Monitoring Stations Location of Automatic Stations Inland Water Quality Information System ( 6 3

4 Status of Inland Water Quality ( ) Figure : Inland Water Quality in Percentage throughout Thailand during Main Parameter Which Cause Water Quality Deteriorated แอมโมเน ย (NH 3 ) แบคท เร ยกล มโคล ฟอร มท งหมด (TCB) 14% ออกซ เจนละลายต า ออกซเจนละลายตา ( DO) ความสกปรกในร ปสารอ นทร ย (BOD) 12% 14% 46% 46% 14% แบคท เร ยกล มฟ คอลโคล ฟอร ม (FCB) 8 4

5 NH 3 17% DO 12% Northern BOD 45% NH 3 35% DO 7% Northeastern BOD 26% FCB 12% TCB 14% NH 3 14% Central DO 19% FCB 15% BOD 26% TCB 17% Eastern DO 33% FCB 21% TCB 20% DO 30% Southern NH 3 13% FCB 12% TCB 16% BOD 26% NH 3 11% FCB 16% TCB 6% BOD 37% 9 Inland Water Quality Index throughout Thailand in

6 Problems Concern With Water Quality and Wastewater Management Inland Water Quality : During the last 10 years, several environmental quality standard (EQS) have been established to control effluent quality emission to recipients. It is still difficult for entrepreneurs and agriculturists to comply with EQS. Sectors such as factories, real estates, condominium, hotels, department stores, restaurants, fresh food markets are more capable to follow EQS 11 Problems Concern With Water Quality and Wastewater Management (Cont.) Historical Trend of Water Pollution : Inland water quality was monitored in 48 main rivers and 4 standing surface water resources, The sampling were take from 620 monitoring stations for 3-4 times annually (dry and wet seasons) 12 6

7 Historical trend of Water Pollution (Cont.) : the water quality evaluation could be technically analyzed : comparing to surface water quality and water quality index (WQI) overall quality of surface water resources throughout the country during 1998 to 2007 seemed deteriorating. 13 Historical trend of water pollution (Cont.) The Comparison of Water Quality : Revealed that the water quality in the deteriorated d level l was likely to be increasing while fair water quality was likely to be decreasing. the good water condition was changing and remained more or less the same. Parameters reflecting deterioration of most water resources are high coliform bacteria contaminations, high BOD and ammonia levels, and low DO levels. 14 7

8 Sources of Water Pollution -Domestic (7,782) : 1,156 Municipalities, 6,624 LAOs, BMA, Pattaya City Approximately 14 M m 3 /d Industry : >120,000 factories Approximately 2.8 M m 3 /d Agriculture : Pig farm+ Aquaculture (Point source) 0.1 M m 3 /d Paddyfield ( Non Point source) 150 M m 3 /d 15 Municipal Wastewater Management in Thailand OVERVIEW Municipal Wastewater: is one of the most serious environment problems. approximately 14 millions m 3 /day of municipal wastewater generated by the population p around the country in year MWF in the country have been constructed (approximately 3.10 millions m 3 /day of the treatment capacity or 21 % of total wastewater) 16 8

9 Location of 99 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Thailand Constructed 82 Plants Under Construction 16 Plants Delayed 1 Plant (Samutprakan Province) Municipal Wastewater Management in Thailand The Current Status of Municipal Wastewater Facilities Number of WWTP Regional/ Under Construction Total Capacity Area Constructe d Capacity Total (m 3 /day) (m 3 /d) New Capacity Delay/ Capacity WWTP (m 3 /d) Cancel (m 3 /d) Northern , , ,909 Northeastern , , ,566 Central 27 1,248, , , ,797,600 Southern , , ,000 Eastern , , ,970 Total 86 2,310, , , ,101,045 9

10 Types of existing technologies of wastewater treatment facilities in Thailand Stabilization Pond (46%) Aerated Lagoon (17%) 19 Rotating Biological Contactor (1%) 20 10

11 Activated Sludge (36%) 21 Policy on Water Pollution Control for

12 Bring Back Better Natural Water resources Reduce waste at pollution sources by the simple technologies (Ex. Grease Trap and On-site treatment) Rehabilitate the existing municipal wastewater facilities Construct new wastewater treatment system using appropriate technology Polluter Pay Principal (PPP) 23 Alternative for Domestic Wastewater Management in Thailand (On-site) การบ าบ ดท ต นทาง การบาบดทตนทาง (Cluster Wastewater Treatment) ระบบบ าบ ดน าเส ยแบบรวมกล มอาคาร (Centralized Wastewater Treatment) ระบบบ าบ ดน าเส ยแบบรวมศ นย

13 (On-site) การบ าบ ดท ต นทาง (Cluster Wastewater Treatment) ระบบบ าบ ดน าเส ยแบบรวมกล มอาคาร

14 (Centralized Wastewater Treatment) ระบบบ าบ ดน าเส ยแบบรวมศ นย Pilot Project or Case Study for Wastewater Treatment in Thailand

15 On-site Wastewater Treatment (ระบบบ าบ ดน าเส ยแบบต ดก บท ระบบบ าบ ดน าเส ยแบบต ดก บท ) On-site treatment system in small communities Mae Sa (Chiang Mai Province) Anaerobic Filter (AF) capacity of 1 m 3 /d Grease trap AF Septic tank wastewater Toilet 30 15

16 septic On-site treatment system in small communities (Cont.) Ko Lanta (Krabi Province) Anaerobic Filter (AF) capacity of 0.75 m 3 /d construction filter Installation Installation 31 On-site treatment system in small communities (Cont.) Ko Chang (Trat Province) 19 onsite treatment (AF) with capacity of 30 m 3 /d wastewater is directly Community discharging into the sea People participation People participation 32 16

17 Ko Chang (Trat Province) Flow 1-3 m 3 /d BOD 200 mg/l Inf. AF 1 Septic Ko Chang : Anaerobic Filter (AF) AF 2 AF 3 Eff. BOD <30 mg/l Construction Cost 32,200-61,600 Baht Media Wastewater Treatment and Biogas System in Pig Farm Biogas (channel digester) UASB Sand drying bed Sludge Up flow Anaerobic Grit chamber Wastewater Post Treatment 34 17

18 Wastewater Treatment and Biogas System in Pig Farm (Cont.) Biogas Production; 300 m 3 /d Gas distribution to Nearby Community Use Biogas for Cooking 35 Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant ระบบบ าบ ดน าเส ยแบบรวมกล มอาคาร

19 Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant Kuaiubonrat Municipality, Khonkhen Province Type of Cluster Wastewater Treatment at Kuaiubonrat Municipality is Constructed Wetland Construction & Improve Landscape Cost ~ 2,794,000 Baht Capacity 400 Cm/day (Only Construction Cost ~ 1,936,400 Baht) O&M ~ Baht/Cm

20 ต นพ ทธร กษา ต นกก ต นธ ปฤาษ Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant (Cont.) Small community on lakeside area at Songkhla Province Septic + Oxidation Pond; capacity 50 m 3 /d Grit chamber Flow 50 m 3 /d BOD- in 500 mg/l Septic tank Sludge Sand drying bed Stabilization pond BOD-eff. <5 mg/l Wetland 40 20

21 Wastewater Management Measures Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E (NEQA 1992) Water Quality Standards : Ambient Water Quality Standards Effluent Standards Other Laws Management Measures : Monitor and Evaluate Water Quality in Water sources Pollution Control Zone : Investment Measures : Establish Wastewater Treatment Facilities 41 Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E (NEQA 1992) Main Principle : Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) Penalty/Damaged environment compensation Pollution Control Area (8 areas) Monitoring Water Quality standards Effluent Standards 42 21

22 Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures (Cont.) Ambient Water quality standards : Surface Water Quality Standards B.E (1994) Coastal Water Quality Standards B.E (1994) Groundwater Quality Standards B.E (2000) 43 Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures (Cont.) Effluent standard Buildings Effluent Standards d B.E (1994) Housing Estates Effluent Standards B.E (1996) Industrial Effluent Standards B.E (1996) Pig Farm Effluent Standards B.E (1991) Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards B.E (2002) 44 22

23 Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures (Cont.) Other laws related to water pollution control The Factories Act B.E (1992) The Public Health Act B.E (1992) The Public Cleansing Act B.E (1992) Determining Plans and Process of Decentralization to Local Government Organization Act B.E.2542 (1999) Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act B.E (1979) Building Control Act B.E. 2522(1979) and B.E (1992) 45 Management Measures : 48 automatic monitoring stations 620 general monitoring stations Location of Automatic Stations Inland Water Quality Information System (

24 Investment Measures : Municipal Wastewater Management NOW Wastewater Treatment Plant 99 plants (3.05 million m 3 /d) Plants are planned to Construct in Q & A Contact Ms. Kingdao Intarukdach or Kingdao.i@pcd.go.th g Tel Fax

25 Thank You 49 25