COMPREHENSIVE GLOSSERY OF TERMS USED IN BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT and BALLAST WATER MANGEMENT REGULATIONS

Transcription

1 COMPREHENSIVE GLOSSERY OF TERMS USED IN BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT and BALLAST WATER MANGEMENT REGULATIONS Source Documents: 2004 IMO BW Convention and Guidelines US Federal Register BW Regulations US EPA ETV Protocols ABS BW Guide Lloyds BW Guide EPA VGP Glossary, presented alphabetically: Active Substance: A substance or organism, including a virus or a fungus that has a general or specific action on or against harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. AO: Advanced oxidation Administration: The Government of the State under whose authority the ship is operating. With respect to a ship entitled to fly a flag of any State, the Administration is the Government of that State. With respect to floating platforms engaged in exploration and exploitation of the sea- bed and subsoil thereof adjacent to the coast over which the coastal State exercises sovereign rights for the purposes of exploration and exploitation of its natural resources, including Floating Storage Units (FSUs) and Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units (FPSOs), the Administration is the Government of the coastal State concerned. AMS: Alternate management system Ambient Populations: The biological organisms, including bacteria, protists, and zooplankton that are naturally occurring in the water. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials. Ballast Water: Water with its suspended matter taken on board a ship to control trim, list, draught, stability or stresses of the ship. Ballast Water Capacity: Thee total volumetric capacity of any tanks, spaces or compartments on a vessel used for carrying, loading or discharging ballast water, including any multi- use tank, space or compartment designed to allow carriage of ballast water.

2 Ballast Water Tank: Any Tank, hold or space used for the carriage of ballast water as defined in article 1 of the Convention. Ballast Water Discharge: The ballast water as would be discharged overboard. BE: Biological efficacy Biocide: A substance or organism, including a virus or a fungus, that is introduced into, or produced by, ballast water treatment systems to kill or eliminate organisms as part of the ballast water treatment process. BSH: Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie. BWDS: Ballast water discharge standard(s). BWE: Ballast water exchange. BWM - Ballast Water Management: Mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological processes, either singularly or in combination, to remove, render harmless, or avoid the uptake or discharge of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens within Ballast Water and Sediments. BWMP - Ballast Water Management Plan: Document referred to in regulation B- 1 of the Convention describing the ballast water management process and procedures implemented on board individual ships. BWMS - Ballast Water Management System: Any system which processes ballast water such that it meets or exceeds the ballast water performance standard in regulation D~2. The BWMS includes ballast water treatment equipment, all associated control equipment, monitoring equipment and sampling facilities. BWTS - Ballast Water Treatment Equipment/System: Equipment which mechanically, physically, chemically, or biologically processes, either singularly or in combination, to remove, render harmless, or avoid the uptake or discharge of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens within ballast water and sediments. Ballast water treatment equipment may operate at the uptake or discharge of ballast water, during the voyage, or at a combination of these events. Cav: Cavitation. Certificate - IBWMC: The International Ballast Water Management Certificate. CFR: Code of Federal Regulations. cfu: colony forming unit(s).

3 Challenge Water: Water supplied to a treatment system under test. Challenge water must meet specified ranges for living organism densities and water quality parameters and is used to assess the efficacy of the treatment equipment under full- scale operational conditions. Cl: Chlorination. Cl2: Chlorine. ClO2: Chlorine dioxide. CMA: California Maritime Academy. Coag: Coagulant (with magnetic particles). Coastal Exchange Zone: An area greater than 50 nm from shore and greater than 200 meters in depth. Committee: The Marine Environment Protection Committee of the Organization. Constructed: In respect to a vessel means a stage of construction when (1) The keel of a vessel is laid; (2) Construction identifiable with the specific vessel begins; (3) Assembly of the vessel has commenced and comprises at least 50 tons or 1 percent of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less; or (4) The vessel undergoes a major conversion. Control Equipment: The installed equipment required to operate and control the ballast water treatment equipment. Convention: The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments. COTP - Captain of the Port: The Coast Guard officer designated by the Commandant to command a COTP Zone as described in part 3 of this chapter. CSLC: California State Lands Commission Cyst: The dormant cell or resting stage of microalgae, heterotrophic protists, and metazoans, including but not limited to cysts of dino flagellates, spores of diatoms, cysts of heterotrophic protists, and cysts of rotifers. D- 2, D- 2 Standards: Biological standards for ballast water discharge from shops in the IMO Convention.

4 Deox: Deoxygenation. Dilution Method: A process by which replacement ballast water is filled through the top of the ballast water tank intended for the carriage of ballast water with simultaneous discharge from the bottom at the same flow rate and maintaining a constant level in the tank throughout the ballast exchange process. DHI: Danish Hydraulic Institute. DOC: Dissolved organic carbon. DOM: Dissolved organic matter. EEZ: U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. EIS: Environmental Impact Statement. Effluent: The treated discharge water produced by a ballast water treatment system. Empty/refill exchange: To pump out the ballast water taken on in ports, estuarine, or territorial waters until the tank is empty, then refilling it with water from the mid- ocean or coastal exchange zone (as applicable); masters/operators should pump out as close to 100 percent of the ballast water as is safe to do so. EL/EC: Electrolysis/electrochlorination. EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ESA: Endangered Species Act. ETV - ETV Testing: Testing of a technology under the EPA Environmental Technology Verification Program following provisions of an established protocol and/or TQAP, with the final outcome being a Verification Report, containing all findings of the test, and a Verification Statement, signed by the US EPA and the Verification Organization (VO). Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): The area established by Presidential Proclamation Number 5030, dated March 10, 1983 (48 FR 10605, 3 CFR, 1983 Comp., p. 22) which extends from the base line of the territorial sea of the United States seaward 200 miles, and the equivalent zone of Canada. FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. FPEIS: Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement.

5 FR: Final rule. GRT: Gross Register Tons. GSI: Great Ships Initiative. GT: Gross Tons. Filt: Filtration. Flow- Through Method: A process by which the replacement ballast water is pumped into a ballast water tank intended for the carriage of ballast water, allowing water to flow through overflow or other arrangements. Freshwater (IMO): Water with salinity < 0.5 PSU (practical salinity units). Gross tonnage: An individual vessel s gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the tonnage measurement regulations contained in Annex I to the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 or any successor Convention. H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide. Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens: are aquatic organisms or pathogens which, if introduced into the sea, including estuaries, or into fresh water courses, may create hazards to the environment, human health, property or resources, impair biological diversity or interfere with other legitimate uses of such areas. HC: Hydrocyclone. Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens: Aquatic organisms or pathogens which, if introduced into the sea including estuaries, or into fresh water courses, may create hazards to the environment, human health, property or resources, impair biological diversity or interfere with other legitimate uses of such areas. ICBWM Certificate: International Ballast Water Management Certificate. IL - Independent Laboratory: A organization that meets the requirements in 46 CFR In addition to commercial testing laboratories, which may include not- forprofit organizations, the Commandant may also accept classification societies and agencies of governments (including State and Federal agencies of the United States) that are involved in the evaluation, inspection, and testing of BWMS. IMO Organization: The International Maritime Organization.

6 In- line treatment: A treatment system or technology used to treat ballast water during normal flow of ballast uptake, discharge, or both. In- tank treatment: A treatment system or technology used to treat ballast water during the time that it resides in the ballast tanks. IPPIC: International Paint and Printing Ink Council. ISO: International Organization for Standardization. ITC: International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, Land- based Testing: A test of the BWMS carried out in a laboratory, equipment factory or pilot plant including a moored test barge or test ship, according to Parts 2 and 3 of the annex to these Guidelines, to confirm that the BWMS meets the standards sct by regulation D- 2 of the Convention. JAMS: Japan Association of Marine Safety. KOMERI: Korea Marine Equipment Research Institute. KORDI: Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute. Master: Captain, person- in- charge, or other party responsible for operation of the vessel. MBDC: Marine Bio- industry Development Centre. MEA: Marine Eco- Analytics. MERC: Maritime Environmental Resource Center. Mid- Ocean: Waters greater than 200 nm from any shore. MLML: Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. Monitoring Equipment: Equipment installed for the assessment of the effective operation of the ballast water treatment equipment. MTIC: Marine Technology Institute Corporation, Japan. MSC: Marine Safety Center. MSDS: Material safety data sheets.

7 Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF): The predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a system during operation. MTBF can be calculated as the arithmetic mean (average) time between failures of a system. The MTBF is typically part of a model that assumes the failed system is immediately repaired (zero elapsed time), as a part of a renewal process. This is in contrast to the mean time to failure (MTTF), which measures average time to system failure with the modeling assumption that the failed system is not repaired. NaClO: Sodium hypochlorite. NACE: International The Corrosion Society. NANPCA: Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of NBIC: National Ballast Information Clearinghouse. NEPA: National Environmental Policy Act. NIOZ: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. NIVA: Norwegian Institute for Water Research. NIS: Nonindigenous species. NISA: National Invasive Species Act of NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Non- indigenous Species: Any species outside its native range. Whether transported intentionally or accidentally by humans or transported through natural processes. NRL: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NSF: NSF International (formerly National Sanitation Foundation). O3: Ozone / Ozonation. OH: Hydroxyl radical. O&M: Operations and maintenance OPA: Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as amended OMB Office of Management and Budget. Organization - IMO: The International Maritime Organization.

8 OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration. POM: Particulate organic material. Port or place of departure: Any port or place in which a vessel is anchored or moored. Port or place of destination: Any port or place to which a vessel is bound to anchor or moored. Preparation: Any commercial formulation containing one or more Active Substances generated on board for purposes of ballast water management and ant Relevant Chemicals formed in the ballast Water management system that make use of Active Substances to comply with the Convention PSPC: Performance Standard for Protective Coatings (IMO). PSU: Practical Salinity Unit. P/V: Pressure / Vacuum. Recipient Port: Port or location where the ballast water is discharged. Regulation D- 2: Defines the biological standards for ballast water discharge from shops in the IMO Convention. Relevant Chemicals: Are transformation or reaction products that are produced during and after employment of the ballast water management system in the ballast water or in the receiving environment and that may be of concern to the ship s safety, aquatic environment, and/or human health Representative sample: A random sample, in which every item of interest (organisms, molecules, etc.) in the larger population has an unbiased chance of appearing. Res: Residual. RO: Responsible Organization. Saltwater flushing: The addition of mid- ocean (in the case of ) or coastal exchange zone (in Part ) water to empty ballast water tanks; the mixing of the added water with residual ballast water and sediment through the motion of the vessel; and the discharge of the mixed water until loss of suction, such that the resulting residual water remaining in the tank has either a salinity greater than or equal to 30 parts per thousand (ppt) or a salinity concentration equal to the ambient salinity of the location where the uptake of the added water took place.

9 Sampling Facilities: The means provided for sampling treated or untreated ballast water as needed in these Guidelines and in the "Guidelines for ballast water sampling (G2)" developed by the Organization. Sampling Point: The place in the ballast water piping where the sample is taken. SAB: Science Advisory Board. SIO: Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Secretary- General: The Secretary- General of the Organization. Sediments: Matter settled out of Ballast Water inside the ballast tanks and pipes. Sequential Method: The process by which a ballast tank intended for the carriage of ballast water is first emptied and then re- filled with replacement ballast water to achieve at last a 95% volumetric change. Ship: A vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the aquatic environment and includes submersibles, floating craft, floating platforms, FSUs and FPSOs. Shipboard Testing: A full- scale test of a complete BWMS carried out on board a ship according to Part 2 of the annex to these Guidelines, to confirm that the system meets the standards set by regulation D- 2 of the Convention. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): A written document containing specific instructions and protocols to ensure that quality assurance requirements are maintained. Standard Test Organisms: Biological organisms of known types and abundance that have been previously evaluated for their level of resistance to physical and/or chemical stressors representing ballast water technology. The organisms are added to the challenge water during testing of ballast water treatment technologies to determine treatment system effectiveness. STEP - Shipboard Technology Evaluation Program: A Coast Guard research program intended to facilitate research, development, and shipboard testing of effective BWMS. Technical Water: Water that is collected, generated or managed on board for uses other than potable water. Test Cycle: One fill/discharge cycle (including appropriate holding periods) designed to gather data on treatment efficiency.

10 Test Facility: A site that provides the necessary infrastructure, systems and personnel to complete the verification testing described in this protocol. The facility may be part of the Testing Organization or may be independent from the Testing Organization, but in any case shall be totally independent from technology vendors testing at their site. Test/Quality Assurance Plan (TQAP): Also called a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), this is a written document that describes the procedures for conducting a test or study according to the verification protocol requirements for the application of a particular ballast water treatment system at a particular site. At a minimum, the TQAP shall include detailed instructions for sample and data collection, sample handling and preservation, precision, accuracy, goals, and quality assurance and quality control requirements relevant to the particular site. Testing Organization (TO): An organization qualified to conduct studies and testing of ballast water treatment technologies in accordance with protocols and TQAPs. TRO: Total Residual Oxidant. Treatment Rated Capacity (TRC): The maximum continuous capacity expressed in cubic metres per hour for which the BWMS is type approved. It states the amount of ballast water that can be treated per unit lime by the BWMS to meet the standard in regulation D- 2 of the Convention. TSS: Total suspended solids. Type Approval: The IMO approval and certification regime of BWMS made by an IMO Member State in accordance with the Convention Guidelines G8, G9 and G10. An approved BWMS is to have a valid Type Approval Certificate in the proper form and signed by that Member State. USCG: U.S. Coast Guard. USNOAA: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USNRL: US Naval Research Laboratory. UV: Ultraviolet. UVT: Ultraviolet Transmittance. Viable Organisms: Organisms and any life stages thereof that are living. VGP: Vessel General Permit. Voyage: Any transit by a vessel destined for any United States port or place.

11 Waters of the United States: means waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States as defined in 33 CFR 2.38, including the navigable waters of the United States. For 33 CFR part 51, subparts C and D, the navigable waters include the territorial sea as extended to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, pursuant to Presidential Proclamation No of December 27, 1988.