JRC AFRIMED WEF Nexus Approach

Transcription

1 JRC AFRIMED WEF Nexus Approach Cesar Carmona Moreno Joint Research Center of the European Commission (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation

2 JRC WEF NEXUS TASK FORCE Atlas on Water Conflicts and Cooperation WEF Indicators Socio-Economic Scenarios Assessment Synergies and Tradeoffs WEF Tools Dev for Concrete and Real Issues and Needs Feeding WEF NEXUS Dialogues in Dev-Countries WEF-AFRIMED WEF Perspectives for Med & Africa WEF-2030 WEF Interactions under Global Climate & SocioEco Scenarios Wastewater Innovative treatments Agriculture and Water Quality Sustainable Desalination Hydropower and river Hydromorphology Energy-Agriculture Water Pressure Baseline Green urban water solutions Tradeoffs in e-flows & water Availability WEF-Solutions European River Basins Danube NEXUS baselines WEF Models and Generic Tools for Europe Global Scale covering all Thematic areas: Floods, Droughts, Agriculture, Energy, Water Exploitation, Security and Availability, Efficiency, Desalination, Groundwater Depletion for Europe,

3 H2020 AA DEVCO AA Coming WEF-MED WEF NEXUS assessments in MED WEF-AFR WEF NEXUS assessments in AFRICA ACEWATER2 AU-NEPAD Centres of Excellence Phase 2 MEKROU Water-Agri in the Niger/Mekrou RB EC NEXUS- DEV Scientific Support to EC NEXUS Dialogues WEF - SENEGAL WEF NEXUS in the Senegal River Basin WEF Indicators WEF Interact - rural electrific. WEF Interact Biogas-Waste Network Extension Eastern- Central Africa Climate Variability Analysis-AFRICA Cadre Coop. Transfrontalier Climate Variability Analysis-MEKROU Fouta Djalon Scientific Observatory WEF NEXUS assess. Fouta Djalon Trade-offs Atlas Coop&SDGS African Atlas Coop&SDGS Socio-Econom. Analysis EC Position Paper NEXUS-SDGS WEF NEXUS assess. Manantali WEF NEXUS assess. MED WEF NEXUS Assess Niger RB WEF NEXUS Assess. Africa Hydro-Agro Model WEF NEXUS Studies: MED&AF WEF NEXUS assess. Delta E-Water NEXUS module - Africa E-Water NEXUS module-mekrou WEF NEXUS Dialogue Platform 9 December

4 EC Nexus Dialogues Programme Project Organization DEVCO (Chair) GIZ (secretariat - coordination) JRC (Scientific Support) NEXUS RESEARCHES JRC-IUCN Africa Latin America Central Asia EU neighborhood Nile Niger SADC Senegal Andes Aral Sea MENA Nexus Research Studies Policy Brief

5 WEF AFRIMED - NEXUS IN DEV COUNTRIES NEXUS Concept Advantage: the WEF Nexus approach does not give precedence to Water over other sectors, addresses explicitly trade-offs and synergies between sectors, and strongly promotes sustainability and security. Since WEF Nexus is drawing a lot of attention, little work has been done on concrete applications in Dev. DEV Countries Issues: a) Lack of good, accurate, harmonized and up-todate data and information; b) Asymmetric access to information; c) At basin level, data available can differ greatly in terms of level of aggregation, scale, accuracy, reliability, etc. Challenges (UNECE Reconciling resource uses in Transboundary basins ): What can be achieved in a nexus assessment depends on various factors: the context, the issues, the actors involved, the constructiveness of the dialogue, and the availability of information and political will. Data-Information Exchange: To encourage Parties to inform each other about any critical situation that may have a transboundary impact and to make available to the public information on transboundary waters. Well-defined and efficient decision-making mechanisms; mechanisms for data and information exchange, as well as for monitoring and compliance;

6 WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES C1.1- Establish a Cooperation Framework C2.1 Inventory of current status C2.2 Identification of Development Priorities C2.5 Understanding the Energy Balance C2.7 Understand. the WEF Interactions Analysis C2.9 Investment Plans and Dev. Measures C2.3 Dev. of WEF NEXUS Basin Information Systems C2.4 Understanding the Water Balance C2.6 Understanding Climate Variability C2.8 Identif. of Common Collaboration Points - Interest C2.10 Strategic Framework for WEF Nexus Security Development

7 The Mékrou Project Water for growth and poverty reduction in the Mékrou transboundary river basin (Jan2014 Dec 2017) Main objective: to support Economic Green Growth and Poverty Reduction in African countries (Burkina Faso, Benin and Niger), in relation to water use and to water conservation. Specific objectives: 1. Establishment of a Transboundary Cooperation Framework on Water for Growth long term planning in the Mekrou transboundary basin 2. Development of an Integrated Water Resource Strategy for green growth in the Mekrou River basin (food security, appropriate urban and rural development and environmental conservation to meet challenges arising from climate change) and water sector investment promotion.

8 The Mekrou Project: Organisation of activities C1.1- Cooperation framework (GWP) C2.1 Inventory of current status C2.2 Identification of Development priorities C2.7 Investment Plans and Dev. Measures (GWP) C2.6 Strategic Framework for Water Security (GWP) C2.3 Dev. of Basin Information Systems C2.5 Understanding the Water Balance C2.4 Dev. of the Water Variability Assessment Module

9 WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES Seminars with Basin Scientific/Technical Institutions C2.1: Inventory of Current Status Identification of Key Actors involved in the Information, Data Management and Knowledge C2.2 Identification of Development Priorities Experts and stakeholders survey for the socioeconomic priorities: Analysis and dissemination of results Basin Scientific/Technical Survey Basin Stakeholders Survey Collection/Harmonisation and homogenization of Biophysical/Hydrological and Socio-economic data Atlas diagnostic - Collection of relevant data and preliminary supporting maps C2.3 Development of WEF NEXUS Basin Information System Setup of the database management system Basin Household Survey First Agricultural/land/Wate r/energy Simulations

10 AQUASURVEY software AQUASURVEY application to collect, integrate and process data on the field (with internet connection or no) aquasurvey-software On Google play store

11 Mékrou surveys Data collection - Household Survey- - W Park Survey- 3 communes of Benin, 2 communes of Burkina Faso, 3 communes of Niger: 650 surveyed households Field implementation: January 2016 March 2016 Collected data Demographic and socioeconomic data Environment and Ecosystem services Nutrition and Food security Agricultural water use and agricultural production Domestic water use Floods and droughts In cooperation with PNE Benin the survey took place in February/March 2015 In total 191 persons have been interviewed (52 W Park visitors and 139 citizens of villages located near W Park) Analysis of: Value of ecosystem services of W Park, Recreational activities, Travel cost, Travel attributes of visitors

12 WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES C2.3 Development of Basin WEF NEXUS Information System C2.5 Understanding the Water Balance Food security and nutrition Climate change impacts to agriculture Domestic water use, supply and sanitations Tourism in the W Park: characteristis and sustainability Workshop: Analysis, Tools and Output Optimisation of irrigation, use of fetlilisers and improvement of soil fertility Optimal agricultural production and efficient irrigation water use Water management optimisation and efficient water allocation E-Water system prototype Final report Environment and ecosystem services Socioeconomic analysis demographics Agricultural production and water use C2.4 Understanding Climate Variability Climate variability and impact scenarios Flood, drought events, frequency and population resilience

13 Biophysical modeling for the Identification of Optimal solution IRRIGATION STRATEGIES FERTILIZATION STRATEGIES SANITATION IMPROVEMENT LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT MANURE MANAGEMENT LANDUSE CHANGES Model inputs Food production (MAX) Water quality (MAX/CONS) Manag. Costs (MIN) Environmental Flow/River discharge (CONS) Diets requirements (CONS) Cash crop production (MAX) SWAT EPIC Local Models Output analysis Maps Diagnostic layers POINT SOURCES WASTE WATER OUTPUT OF SCENARIOS ANALYSIS DB WATER INFRASTRUCTURES List of different SCENARIOS END USER SELECTION OF BMPs OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA 1

14 E-NEXUS NEXUS BASIN Information System E-Nexus E-NEXUS is an interface software designed to allow users to edit and analyze data related to the area of the Mékrou basin. Given the considerable quantity and the different nature of the data available, it is expected to group them all in a common dataset. More than the simple visualization of data, E- NEXUS can be used to perform several operations on the entries, by providing a graphical interface for their view and save them in different ways according to the choice of the user. E-Nexus is developed as an Desktop application of Microsoft Windows operating systems. MAIN OBJECTIVES Arrangement of multiple data into lists easy to edit Possibility to start procedures directly through the interface Provides multiple formats of outputs, according to the needs of the user

15 AQUAKNOW Sharing Information and Data AQUAKNOW content management system to share information, data, documents, events,

16 Mékrou WEF Nexus: Economic assessment approach Value Livestock Total Production Crops Total Production Approach Total Production Function (Household Survey) Domestic water provision Securing drinking water Securing irrigation water Protection of ecosystems W Park biodiversity protection Contingent Valuation (WTP) Multilinear Regression Models (Household Survey + WPark Survey) Interval Regression Model for the Domestic drinking water provision W Park recreational value Travel Cost estimation for visitors and residents of neighboring villages (WPark Survey)

17 Mékrou WEF Nexus: Economic assessment Domestic water provision: 2,496,413 euro/year* (2.68 /household/month) Mékrou Ecosystems Protection value: 69,075 euro/year* (0.89 /household/year) Mékrou preserving drinking water value: 143,794 euro/year* (1.93 /household/year) Mékrou preserving irrigation water value: 80,849 euro/year* (1.04 /household/year) Water Mékrou water competitive uses Ecosystems W Park Biodiversity protection: 7,110 euro/year* (2.37 /visitor Est visitors/year) W Park recreational value based on travel expenses: 2,022,900 euro/year * Non market values based on stated preferences. Survey analysis. Similar to other regional estimations. Agriculture Food production Crops total value: 97,237,791 euro/year Livestock total value : 39,454,570 euro/year

18 Mékrou WEF Nexus: Next steps (2017) Completion of hydrological modeling / biophysical tools (EPIC, SWAT, Optimization analysis, Mékrou Information System E-Water) Energy??? Estimating hydrological and economic trade-offs under scenarios: optimal allocation of crops, change of crops, development scenarios, climate variability, changing water balance Scenario of including the Energy sector (?), Hydroelectric energy Perceiving the Mékrou Nexus approach not a unique tool but as a case to test relevant methods and create an integrated WEF Nexus approach???? In cooperation with ABN and AgrHyMet applying the Mékrou E-WATER tool, SWAT and EPIC at the level of the Niger River Basin Expanding the NEXUS

19 WEF Nexus: Mediterranean Barley, Wheat Water for food Irrigation Livestock requirements Human consumption SDG 6 Water Water for energy Cooling Hydropower Irrigation of bioenergy crops Food impact on water Virtual transport Water quality SDG 2 Food feed/fiber Security Availability, accessibility, Adequacy, affordability SDG 7 Energy Energy for water Extraction transportation Water treatment, distribution Irrigation of bioenergy crops Waste water, drainage, treatment, disposal Food for energy Biofuels Manure, waste Energy for food Energy for irrigated crops Energy for fertilizer

20 WEF Nexus: Mediterranean WEF Indicators in the Mediterranean region Development of spatially explicit WEF Nexus indicators for the Mediterranean region through model simulations of water resource availability and quality and allocation across energy and food sectors. The indicators will also contribute to monitor progress against achievements of the SDG targets taking into account their linkages and trade-offs change in demand by 2050 In North Africa Water : +50%, Food +95%, Electricity generation + 500% WEF Nexus is drawing a lot of attention, but little work has been done on concrete applications. We will assess the WEF Nexus in the Mediterranean to provide some answers on how to measure the achievements of the three SDGs dealing with primary resources which are fundamental for society and the economy: SDG6 (WATER), SDG2 (FOOD), and SDG7 (ENERGY). One major advantages of the WEF Nexus approach is that it does not give precedence to water over other sectors, addresses explicitly trade-offs and synergies between sectors, and strongly promotes sustainability and security. All the assessment will be made through state of the art modeling

21 Nexus Dialogues Project Planning Jan 2017 Dec 2018

22 WEF Nexus: Senegal WEF - SENEGAL WEF NEXUS in the Senegal River Basin Fouta Djalon Scientific Observatory WEF NEXUS assess. Fouta Djalon WEF NEXUS assess. Manantali SENEGAL River Basin Project: Supporting the water resources management and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the Senegal River Basin (Sénégal, Mali, Mauritanie, Guinée) ( ) WEF NEXUS assess. Delta WEF NEXUS Dialogue Platform

23 Thank you!!!! The JRC Mekrou project team