Status of Gen-IV and SMR Development Today

Transcription

1 25 th SKC Symposium October 10 11, 2017 Fagerudd konferens, Enköping KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Status of Gen-IV and SMR Development Today Sara Bortot

2 OUTLINE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW GENERATION-IV APPROACH IN EUROPÉ MOST ADVANCED GEN-IV PROGRAMMES SMR SYSTEMS GEN-IV SMRs SEALER

3 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW GEN-IV PRINCIPLES Sustainability: Improved fuel utilisation Breeding Sustainability: Minimisation of waste Recycling Economics: Comparable to other energy sources Safety: Excellent safety and reliability Safety: Very low probability for core damage Safety: Elimination of need for off site emergency response Proliferation resistance: Least attractive route for theft of weapons materials

4 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW GEN-IV REFERENCE SYSTEMS

5 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW SMRs DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Scalability of Power Enhanced Safety Modularity, Constructability Flexibility of Utilization Source: IAEA Small Modular Reactors Update on International Technology Development Activities

6 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW SMRs KEY EXPECTED ADVANTAGES Economic Lower Upfront capital cost Economy of serial production Modularization Multi-module Modular Construction Flexible Application Remote regions Small grids Smaller footprint Reduced Emergency planning zone Replacement for aging fossil-fired plants Better Affordability Shorter construction time Wider range of Users Site flexibility Reduced CO 2 production Potential Hybrid Energy System Integration with Renewables Source: IAEA Small Modular Reactors Update on International Technology Development Activities

7 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE EU funded projects on all six Generation-IV reactors completed Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform launched by the European Commission in Members include nuclear industry, research organizations and universities. ESNII+ program Priority given to: SFR with power of MW e, to start operation by 2022 E.g., FP7 project ESFR, CEA project ASTRID Experimental LFR or GFR with power of 100 MW e (lead) and 50 MW th (gas), to gain experience with an alternative coolant, starting operation by 2025 E.g., FP7 projects LEADER & GOFASTER, CEA project ALLEGRO Sub-critical materials testing reactor with LBE coolant and power of 100 MW th SCK-CEN project MYRRHA. Operation in 2024 (?)

8 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE SFR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ASTRID ADVANCED SODIUM TRANSMUTATION REACTOR FOR INDUSTRIAL DEMONSTRATION

9 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE SFR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ASTRID ADVANCED SODIUM TRANSMUTATION REACTOR FOR INDUSTRIAL DEMONSTRATION 600 M allocated by French Government to the design of the sodium cooled fast reactor ASTRID Core power: 600 Mw e To be designed with passive safety capability (negative void worth) Minor Actinide transmutation capability (few assemblies) Conceptual design phase started in Total cost ~ 4 G Location: Marcoule (next to Phénix) Development delayed

10 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE LFR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ALFRED ADVANCED LEAD FAST REACTOR EUROPEAN DEMONSTRATOR

11 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE LFR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ALFRED ADVANCED LEAD FAST REACTOR EUROPEAN DEMONSTRATOR Lead coolant 130 MW e MOX fuel Ranking cycle Romanian Government offered to host ALFRED To operate in Pitesti after 2025 (?)

12 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE GFR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ALLEGRO ADVANCEDGAS FAST REACTOR DEMONSTRATOR

13 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE GFR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ALLEGRO ADVANCEDGAS FAST REACTOR DEMONSTRATOR Pressurized He coolant 75 MW th MOX fuel Direct power conversion: Bryton cycle High temperature high thermodynamic efficiency Back up option low priority development

14 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE LBE TECHNOLOGY MYRRHA MULTI PURPOSEHYBRID RESEARCH REACTOR FOR HIGH TECH APPLICATIONS

15 GEN-IV APPROACH IN EUROPE LBE TECHNOLOGY MYRRHA MULTI PURPOSEHYBRID RESEARCH REACTOR FOR HIGH TECH APPLICATIONS Lead bismuth coolant 100 MW th MOX fuel Materialstest reactor, proof of concept ADS Total cost: 1 G, 40 % funded by Belgian Government To operate in Mol by 2024 (?)

16 MOST ADVANCED GEN-IV PROGRAMMES RUSSIAN FEDERATION SFRs

17 MOST ADVANCED GEN-IV PROGRAMMES RUSSIAN FEDERATION BN 600 BN 600 has operated successfully since last years without any single sodium fire! Safety ensured by use of 20 % enriched UO X fuel (negative void coefficient)

18 MOST ADVANCED GEN-IV PROGRAMMES RUSSIAN FEDERATION BN 800 BN 800 operated in 2014 (880 MW e ) MOX fuel (first core load only partially MOX) Decision taken to build BN 1200 for operation in 2020 Option for (U, Pu)N fuel

19 MOST ADVANCED GEN-IV PROGRAMMES RUSSIAN FEDERATION BREST 300 Lead coolant 300 MW e (U, Pu)N fuel Financed by Rosatom (600 M ) Nitride fuel fabrication plant to start production in 2017 (400 M ) To operate in Tomsk region by 2020

20 MOST ADVANCED GEN-IV PROGRAMMES RUSSIAN FEDERATION SVBR 100 Lead-bismuth coolant 100 MW e power Based on sub-marine reactor design 20 % enriched UO X or UN fuel Financed by Rosatom and private investors To operate in Dimitrovgrad by 2017 Serial production for commercial market to start in 2018 Capital cost: 4000 $ per installed kw

21 SMR SYSTEMS Source: International Atomic Energy Agency Small Modular Reactors Update on International Technology Development Activities Water cooled SMRs Gas cooled SMRs Liquid metal cooled SMRs

22 SMR SYSTEMS Source: International Atomic Energy Agency Small Modular Reactors Update on International Technology Development Activities SMRs ESTIMATED TIMELINE OF DEPLOYMENT 8

23 SMR SYSTEMS well advanced development

24 SMR SYSTEMS earlier stages

25 SMR SYSTEMS conceptual development

26 SMR SYSTEMS CIAO Ciao

27 GEN-IV SMRs IN SWEDEN SEALER SWEDISH ADVANCED LEAD REACTOR

28 GEN-IV SMRs IN SWEDEN SEALER SWEDISH ADVANCED LEAD REACTOR 8 MW th core with UO 2 fuel Electricity and heat production for off-grid consumers Intended to function as a nuclear battery Lead coolant forced convection Fast neutron spectrum

29 25 th SKC Symposium October 10 11, 2017 Fagerudd konferens, Enköping KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Thank you for your kind attention! PRISM 4S SVBR100 Integral MSR