Latest developments on RES policy, implementation and planning in Estonia

Transcription

1 Latest developments on RES policy, implementation and planning in Estonia Workshop Data Gathering on Renewable Energies for New Member States and Candidate Countries jointly organised by the IES of the JRC of the European Commission and the Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, Nov 27 Prof., Ph.D. Peeter Raesaar Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Power Engineering 1 Estonia Total area km million inhabitants (1.1.27) Capital: Tallinn 4,4 thousand inhabitants Mean annual temperature C The main domestic fuels - oil shale, peat and wood 2

2 Some Key Facts GDP* 25 9,7 billion 26 1,8 billion * Annual change + 11,1 % GDP per capita** 78, 9846,4 + 26,2 % Primary energy supply 214,6 PJ 28,2 PJ -2,98 % Energy efficiency of economy 42,2 /GJ 48,4 /GJ 14,7 % Energy intensity of economy 85,3 kwh/ 74,5 kwh/ % Final energy consumption TJ TJ** + 1,94 % Heat consumption Electricity consumption TJ 643 GWh TJ 691 GWh -1,32% -1,26 % * at 2 constant prices ** at current prices * 157,95 billion EEK ** 31861,7 GWh = TWh 3 PJ 6 Primary energy resources, Gas Liquid fuels Peat and firewood Oil shale Source: Energy Balance 26. Statistics Estonia Yearbook

3 Primary energy production in (TJ) Oil-shale Peat Firewood* Wind&hydr o power Other fuel Importexport * Including wood chips and wood waste. 5 Primary Energy Balance Wind&hydro power,12% Importexport 27,17% 25 Wind&hydro power,15% Importexport 3,26% 26 Other fuel,7% Firewood* 12,13% Peat 1,62% Oil-shale 58,89% Other fuel,7% Firewood* 1,91% Peat 2,14% Oil-shale 56,48% During the last ten years, the share of the domestic fuels has remained on the level of 65%. The main domestic fuel is oil shale, which covers over an half of the primary energy supply reserves over 6 Mt mining about 13 Mt/a all consumed in Estonia 6

4 Liquid fuels 16,15% Other fuels 6,4% Coal and coke,4% Hydro and wind energy,14% Primary Energy Balance in 26 Natural gas 14,44% Wood 8,63% Peat,84% 26: TPES 57,1 TWh = = 28,2 PJ = 4,92 Mtoe Share of domestic resources ca 65 % Share of RES: 1,91 %; Wood still prevails in RES % Oil shale 53,% Domestic fuels in primary energy resources, Source: Energy Balance 26. Statistics Estonia Yearbook Energy production, TWh 14 Source: Energy Balance 26. Statistics Estonia Yearbook Heat Electricity Final energy consumption in 26 (excluding consumption of fuels for non-energy use, losses in transport, preservation and distribution) Electricity 2% Heat 28% Gaseous fuels (natural gas, liquefied gas, oil-shale gas) 4% Solid fuels (coal, coke, oil shale, peat, firewood, wood chips, wood waste) 15% Liquid fuels (heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil, motor fuels) 33% 8

5 Energy Sector - Heat GWh Heat production District heating Production: in GWh; in GWh 63 % in boiler houses 3 99 boilers 37 % in CHP plants 4 turbines 9 Share of fuels for heat production in boiler houses: other fuels % electricity,25% coal,66% oil shale,% peat 4,88% wood 25,8% gaseous fuel 51% liquid fuel 16,57% District heating covers over 7% of total heat need in buildings From RES: 2245 GWh in GWh in 26 wood GWh in GWh in 26 wood residues, biogas, black liquor GWh 39 GWh 1

6 Energy Sector - Electricity GWh Net production Consumption Export-Import natural gas 5,56% shale oil gas 2,5% shale oil,29% peat,16% hydro energy,14% wind energy,78% other renewables,39% oil shale 9,18% Installed capacities in 26 Capacity, MW Fuel Narva Power Plants 238 Oil-shale Iru Power plant 19 Natural gas Other CHP plants Natural gas, oil-shale, 163 wood, wood residues TOTAL 2733 Plants on RES 35 Wind, hydro, biogas, wood, black liquor 11 Energy Sector - CHP 16 CHP plants with 4 units are in operation in 26: electricity generation 143 GWh 11,4 % from the total generation heat production GWh 37, % from the total production CHP stations at the beginning of the 27: oil shale, 1 t peat, 1 t shale oil, 1 t natural gas, million m3 renewables TJ shale oil gas, TJ Renewables: wood chips, biogas, black liquor 12

7 Energy Sector Electricity from RES In 26 production from RES 122,8 GWh: wind 76,3 GWh hydro 13,5 GWh wood chips 27.8 GWh black liquor 4,1 GWh landfill gas 1,1 GWh GWh ,4 5,6 1,4 22,4 21,5 12,8 6,1 7,6 53,9 13,5 76, hydroenergy wind energy Source: Energy Balance 26. Statistics Estonia Yearbook Hydro 26% Black liquor 5% Landfill gas 1% Wind 68% Share of electricity from RES: % 1,4 1,2 1,,8,6,4,2, MW Energy Sector capacities of plants on RES Hydro 3,943 5,36 5,51 Wind 6, 32,75 58,4 Other 2,87 3,45 4,33 Other 6% Hydro 8% Wind 86% 14

8 Wind energy developments One of the most important RES potential by different assessments is from 3 up to 1 TWh/a Most rapidly developing area: 32,75 MW 58,4 MW; 55,1 GWh 76,3 GWh Recently commissioned wind farms: Tüükri 24 MW, Rõuste 8 MW, Esivere 8 MW Currently under development:18 projects - ca 4 MW Under planning: 2 projects on the mainland 26 MW 3 off-shore projects MW The biggest on west coast of Hiiumaa 6-1 MW 15 Wind energy developments Existing wind farms Connection offers for 668 MW; applications 19 MW Technical restrictions: Integrating capacity of the present grid 75 MW Lack of quickly starting-up generating units to compensate wind power fluctuations Use of the off-shore resource is hampered by icing problems Social restrictions 16

9 RES potentials: Biomass Total annual potential ~ 1 TWh The share of biomass is nearly two thirds of the total energy based on renewables Mainly - for heat production and local cogeneration Forests - about 5% of territory (2,27 Mha) Heat production in TWh (~ 27%) Firewood - ca 75% of total energy need in households Total possible annual primary energy resource is about 5,72 TWh Main unused resources - grey alder, logging waste, garbage In t pellets and wood briquette was produced. 23 t was exported (mainly to Scandinavian countries) 17 RES potentials: Biomass A quarter of Estonian territory - agricultural land Cultivation of energy crops is restricted due to undeveloped markets and lack of experience Prospective resource - cultivation of energy crops on fallow arable lands (4 ha) Extended cultivation of oleaginous plants (rape, etc.) for bio fuels production Probative cultivation of reed canary grass on depleted milled peat fields Peat fuels 8,3 TWh/a 18

10 RES potentials: Biomass Under development a number of CHP plants on wood fuel with total capacity ca 12 MW (Väo, Lohkva, Kuressaare) Addition a new 1 MW unit on garbage in Iru CHP plant Renovation Ahtme CHP into biomass unit (6 MW) Under development a CHP plant at Kehra Horizon Pulp and Paper Ltd 12 MW In feasibility study stage 1-12 small CHP plants on farm s biogas, two plants on landfill gas (Jõelähtme and Uikala) and a plant on biogas from a sewage plant Tartu There are three biodiesel production plants (ATKO Õlitööstus, A&O BioD, Bio Oil) with total annual production of 2 t. Under construction is a plant in Paldiski (1 t/a); in planning phase are Narva, Sillamäe and Kunda plants A bioethanol plant with annual production of 1 t is under construction A biogas production plant AS Saare Economics 19 RES potentials: Small hydro Technical potential is moderate ~ 4 MW, ~,3 TWh/a At present: 41 SHP plants (1 11 kw), a number of micro plants (<1 kw) Total capacity 5.8 MW (13,5 GWh) 5 plants (~ 62 kw; ~ 3,6 GWh/a) under development; 4 plants (~ 2 kw; ~ 1 GWh/a) under planning Forecast: about ~7 MW (35 GWh) by 21; ~9 MW (45 GWh) by 215 Main restrictions environmental aspects (fish protection, waterfalls) 2

11 Hiiumaa Kotka 16kW Joaveski 3kW Vihula 55kW Kaunissaare 25kW Kunda 4kW Linnamäe 1126kW Kunda-Silla 336kW Keila-Joa 365kW Sillaoru 22kW Saunja 1kW Jägala 1574kW Harjumaa Kundaküla 2kW Soodla 17kW Tammiku 6kW Lääne-Virumaa Ida-Virumaa Vetla 11kW Lilli 25kW Pikaveski 6kW Tudulinna 15kW Läänemaa Raplamaa Järvamaa Jändja 1kW Koseveski 4kW Jõgevamaa Väike-Kamari 2kW Tõrve 6kW Saaremaa Existing plants 26 Plants under development and planning Source: Eesti Energia; Rein Levo Pärnumaa Viljandimaa Tõravere 2kW Tartumaa Pikru veski 3kW Linnaveski 15kW Õisu 2kW Põlva 3kW Kösti 8kW Peri 4kW Tamme 9kW Hellenurme 4kW Põlvamaa Kaarli 3kW Tõrva 92kW Valgamaa Utita 5kW Sangaste 75kW Võrumaa Lauküla 5kW Kakkoveski 2kW Rõuge 1kW Saarlasõ 3kW Saesaare 24kW Orajõe 1kW Leevaku 21kW Räpina 75kW Räpina2 365kW Leevi 25kW Paidra veski 52kW Oruveski 18kW 21 RES potentials: other sources Geothermal energy - Over 37 heat pumps, total heat production 81 GWh Aim for 213: heat pumps, total capacity 11 MW; total heat production 3 GWh/a Growth rate of the heat produced by heat pumps is 25-3 %/a. Source: Jüri Miks, ESPEL Solar energy Not new implementations during the last year Intensive research of PV-s in TUT 22

12 Fuel prices In 26 the average prices of almost all fuels have grown for the end-users From the domestic fuels the prices of oil shale and woodfuel grew most From the imported fuels the price of natural gas grew most ( kroons/thousand m 3 ) Average prices of liquid fuels, 23 26: Shale oil Heavy fuel oil Light fuel oil Diesel Motor gasoline kroons/t Source: Energy Balance 26. Statistics Estonia Yearbook 23 National strategic targets Increase the use of renewables by 21: 12 % of gross national energy consumption 5,1% of gross national electricity consumption (8 % by 215) share of biofuels in transport 5.75 % Reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 8 % from the 199 level Keep the primary energy consumption on the level of 23 Keep the growth rate of electricity consumption on a half of the GDP growth rate level Reduce the end use energy consumption by 1%/a during 9 years By the 22 the share of electricity production in CHP plants 2 % of total consumption 24

13 Promotion of use of RES Purchasing obligation - feed-in tariff cents/kwh Promotion of wider application of CHP technologies Supports on cultivation of energy crops Excise tax exemption for biofuels CO 2 taxation Supports to energy projects linked with the use of RES Participation in EU energy-related programmes and projects A number of non-profit organizations for RES promotion 25