2. How did the introduction of fossil fuels corrupt the existing carbon cycle?

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1 1. Explain the role plants and animals have in the carbon cycle. How does this delicate balance remain in place? 2. How did the introduction of fossil fuels corrupt the existing carbon cycle?! I i 3. What are some natural sources of carbon, other than living things? 4. Explain how data from ice cores taken from Antarctica hold evidence tor anthropogenic global warming. 5. What are some of the expected catastrophic events of unchecked global warming? 34 MP4859 Blue Planet: Energy Milliken Publishing Company

2 Graphing C02 Emissions In this exercise, we will graph an predict C02 emissions Year Carbon Dioxide (ppm) Year Predictions Carbon Dioxide (ppm) Procedure: 1. These are accurate numbers for the increase in carbon dioxide since They were taken at Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Create a graph with years on the x-axis and carbon dioxide on the y-axis. 2. Find a best-fit line. 3. Using the line, predict carbon dioxide increases for the next five years.

3 Name CI~s Date _ Name Class Date _ IDirected Reading continued 9. What four climate conditions can computer models be used to predict? Section: Climate Change 1. Whattwo questions do scientists work to answer? 2. Define climatologist. 10. Complex computer models can model Interactions between what five elements? STUDYING CLIMATE CHANGE 3. Whatpractice helps climatologists make predictions about future climates? POTENTIAL CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE 11. What four factors might cause climate changes? Use the terms from the list below to complete the sentences that follow. Each term may be used only once. sea-floor sediment fossils ice cores tree rings general circulation models (GCMs) 4. When scientists find high 1'0 levels In, they know that the water was cool in the past 5. Thin indicate cool weather and low precipitation In the past. 12. The movement of continents over millions of years caused by may affect climate changes. 13. According to the Milankovitchtheory, what three factors can lead to climate changes? 6. High levels of CO 2 found In indicate warmer climate In the past, whereas ice ages follow decreases In CO 2, 7. Bystudying. scientists can learn how animals adapted to changing climates. 8. Computer-generated climate models that simulate changes In one variable when other variables remain unchanged are called _ 14. The shape of Earth's orbit changes from to circular, affecting Earth's distance from the sun and therefore Earth's temperature and climate. 15. Decreasing decreases temperature differences between seasons. Copyright «:l by Holt, Rinehart and winston. All rights reserved. Halt Earth Science 17 Climate Cop~ght «!l by Holt, Rinehart and wtnstcn. All rights reserved Holt EarthScience 18 Climate

4 Name Class _ Date _ Name Class Date _ IDirected Reading continued IDirected Reading continued 16. The wobble of Earth on its axis changes the direction of Earth's tilt and can 23. How could global warming affect plants and animals? reverse the _ 17. What human activities are responsible for releasing carbon dioxide, CO 2, into the atmosphere? 18. What can increases in CO 2 levels lead to? 24. How could the melting of polar icecaps affect the shoreline and its inhabitants? 19. Sulfur and ash from can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 20. Climate change can affect what three life-forms? WHAT HUMANS CAN DO 25. What actions have countries taken to reduce the potential effects of global warming? 21. What are three potential climate changes that could make survival of life on Earth more difficult for both humans and other species? 26. List four actions individuals can take to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere that are caused by pollution. 22. Define global uiarminq. 27. Name two ways that people can change their transportation habits to reduce the release of CO, into the atmosphere. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt EarthScience 19 Climate Holt Earth Science 20 Climate

5 Name: Period: Climate Change Dr. Arts Guide to Planet Earth pages How is climate different than weather? _ 2. refers to the pattern of temperatures and precipitation for the planet as a whole. 3. During the past 4 billion years Earth has been warm % of the time and cold % of the time. 4. How much of Earth's surface is covered by ice today? 5. How thick was the ice during the last glaciation? _ 6. Right now Earth is in a period. 7. What are three factors that determine whether Earth has a cold or warm climate? 8. What are two ways Earth's orbit around the sun changes? 9. How does the solar energy that hits the equator get to northern places such as London, Paris, Moscow and Berlin? The Earth is degrees warmer than it would be without the greenhouse effect. 11. What are the two main natural greenhouse gases? Periods of higher amounts of CO 2 correspond with climates and periods of lower CO2 correspond with climates.

6 13. Based on the past 160,000 years we would predict that _ will happen in the next 10,000 years. 14. What are humans doing that might change this? _ 15. How high do computer models predict the global temperatures will rise in the next 100 years? _ 16. Explain what a reinforcing feedback loop is and give an example of one? _ 17. Explain what a balancing feedback loop is and give an example of one. _ 18. A warming climate could cause what things to happen? _