EXPERIMENT MODULE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION LABORATORY PUMP ARRANGEMENT (POM)

Transcription

1 EXPERIMENT MODULE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION LABORATORY PUMP ARRANGEMENT CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG 2018

2 Contributor: Dr. Tirto Prakoso, Meiti Pratiwi, S.T, M.T., Dr. Ardiyan Harimawan, Listiani Artha, Kevin Timothius C, Dr. Pramujo Widiatmoko POM 2018/PW 2

3 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT... 3 LIST OF FIGURES... 4 LIST OF TABLE... 5 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 6 CHAPTER II PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT... 7 I. Purpose... 7 II. Target... 7 CHAPTER III EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN... 8 I. Experimental Tool Scheme... 8 II. Tools and Experimental Support Materials... 8 CHAPTER IV WORK PROCEDURES... 9 I. Experiment steps... 9 II. Measurement Method BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX A TABLE OF RAW DATA APPENDIX B CALCULATION PROCEDURES APPENDIX C JSA CONTROL SHEET POM 2018/PW 3

4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Experimental tool scheme arrangement... 8 Figure 2. Experimental flow diagram POM module... 9 Figure 3. QH performance curve Figure 4. Efficiency curve POM 2018/PW 4

5 LIST OF TABLE Table I. Examples of observational data POM 2018/PW 5

6 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Pumps are very commonly used process instruments, not even in factories, pumps are also familiar in homes. Pumps have two main uses, which is moving fluids from one place to another (e.g. water from underground aquifers to a water storage tank), and circulating fluids around the system (e.g. cooling water or lubricants passing through machines and equipment). Based on the work principles, pump is divided into two, which is the centrifugal pump and positive displacement pump. Centrifugal pump is the most widely used type of pump in the world. The popularity of centrifugal pumps is due to its simple, clear, and tested working principle, strong, effective, and relatively inexpensive in production. Centrifugal pumps are suitable for liquids that have low viscosity and for high flow rates. In addition, this type of pump has been widely used for various purposes, both in housing, industry, urban, and others. There are various variations of centrifugal pumps consisting of the same basic hydraulic component. Among them are end suction pump, in-line pump, double suction pump, submersible pump, axial-flow pump, and so on. Centrifugal pump work by transferring mechanical energy from the electric motor to the fluid through a rotating propeller. Some energy is converted into kinetic energy in the form of fluid motion, and partly into potential energy, in the form of fluid pressure, or by passing fluid against gravity to higher altitudes. Pump are one of the most common equipment in all chemical plants. Therefore, knowledge of these instrument is very important for chemical engineers. By carrying out this practicum, practitioner will understand how the centrifugal pump works, how to assess pump performance, and how the pump arrangement is suitable for a particular purpose. POM 2018/PW 6

7 CHAPTER II PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT I. Purpose The purpose of pump arrangement module implementation is : II. 1. Practitioner knows how to measure pump performance 2. Practitioner can determine when the best time to use an arrangement of pumps in single, series, or parallel. Target Practitioner is expected to construct the centrifugal pump performance curves that are single, series, and parallel. POM 2018/PW 7

8 CHAPTER III EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN I. Experimental Tool Scheme The Pump arrangement module experiment scheme is as follows. Flow meter PI PI Pump A Pump B Toren Figure 1. Experimental tool scheme arrangement II. Tools and Experimental Support Materials a. Devices and Measurements b. Bahan/Zat Kimia 1. Toren 1. Water 2. Centrifugal Pump 2. Bayclin/Calcium hypochlorite 3. PVC pipe 4. Fitting 5. Ball Valve 6. Screw valve 7. kwh meter 8. Suction pressure gauge 9. Discharge pressure gauge 10. Flow meter POM 2018/PW 8

9 CHAPTER IV WORK PROCEDURE I. Experiment steps Start Fill toren with water to a minimum water level as high as suction pipe Connect the pump with the power source Mix water with bayclin / calcium hypochlorite Make sure the ball valve opening is in accordance with the pump to be used Suction pressure Discharge pressure Turn on the pump Observe suction pressure, discharge pressure, flow rate, and power used Adjust the screw valve opening to the desired variation Flow rate Power Still need to do variations of screw valve openings No Yes Turn off the pump Still need to do variation of pump arrangment used Yes No Finish Figure 2. Experimental flow diagram POM module POM 2018/PW 9

10 II. Measurement Method From the experimental results of this pump arrangment module, the data obtained are the value of suction pressure, discharge pressure, flow rate, and power. These data are obtained by varying the screw valve opening so that there is a change of pressure on the pressure gauge. The other data is also obtained by measuring the time taken for 1 round kwh meter and 5 full rotation (Volume 5 Liter). The variations done in this experiment are:: 1. Valve Opening. The valve openings are varied at least 6 openings. 2. Arrangement of Pump Used. The pump arrangement used in this experiment is single pump A, single pump B, series pump arrangement, and parallel pump arrangement. i) The ball valve opening for a single pump flow A is by opening only valve 1 (the screw tap must always be opened) ii) The ball valve opening for a single pump flow B is by opening only valve 3 iii) The ball valve opening for series pump flow is by opening only valve 2. iv) The ball valve opening for parallel pump flow is by opening only valve 1 and 3. POM 2018/PW 10

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Jacobsen, Christian Brix. The Centrifugal Pump. Grundfos (Accessed 8 October 2012) 3. (Accessed 8 October 2012) %20Pumps%20and%20pumping%20systems%20(Bahasa%20Indonesia).pdf (Accessed 8 October 2012) POM 2018/PW 11

12 APPENDIX A RAW DATA TABLE Examples of observational data tables can be seen in the table as follows. Table I. Examples of observational data Pump Single (Pump A) Arrangement No Opening Suction Discharge Flow rate Power (W) variance pressure pressure (l/s) (%) (kgf/cm 2 ) (kgf/cm 2 ) POM 2018/PW 12

13 APPENDIX B CALCULATION PROCEDURE B.1. Calculation a) Pressure difference calculation ( P) Di mana P discharge P suction = Pump outlet pressure (Pa) = Pump inlet pressure (Pa) b) Head pump calculation (h) Di mana = density (kg/m 3 ) G = gravity (m/s 2 ) c) Total pump efficiency calculatin Where, P hydraulic P electric Q = Power is transferred from the pump to the fluid (W) = Power from a power source (W) = Water debit (m 3 /s) POM 2018/PW 13

14 B.2. Data processing From the data that has been obtained, it can be arranged to be the pump curve. The types of pumps to be used in this practicum are the QH curves (head-flow rate) and the efficiency curve (flow-rate efficiency). a) Head-flow rate curve The QH curve shows the effect of the flow rate on the pump head. Figure 3 shows the common head-flow curve shape Figure 3. QH performance curve The efficiency curve shows the effect of the flow rate on pump efficiency. Figure 4 shows the general shape of the efficiency curve. Figure 4. Efficiency curve By compiling these two curves, it can be compared between the performance of pump A, pump B, series pump arrangement, and parallel pump arrangement. POM 2018/PW 14

15 APPENDIX C JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS CONTROL SHEET Work description Potential hazard Prevention act Put water into toren 1. Slip in stagnant water 2. Water spilled onto an uncovered electrical circuit 1. Be careful in pouring water into toren, do not let the water stagnant. 2. Be careful in pouring water, closing / protecting Turn on and operate the pump 1. The water level in toren is too low causing pump cavitation 2. Incorrect at opening / closing the valve so as to overload the pump 3. The body part is exposed to electric shock from an open electrical circuit open electrical circuits 1. Ensure that the water level at toren is high enough to prevent cavitation on the pump. 2. Make sure valve is opened and closed is in accordance with the flow of pump water used 3. covering/ protecting open electrical circuits Assistant Advisor Lab TK coordinator POM 2018/PW 15