Monitoring of INDCs and cobenefits. Deborah Murphy Training Workshop on INDCs Entebbe, Uganda September 2015

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1 Monitoring of INDCs and cobenefits Deborah Murphy Training Workshop on INDCs Entebbe, Uganda September 2015

2 Monitoring of INDCs

3 From INDC to Nationally Determined Commitment (NDC) BAU Mt Objective 2030

4 From INDC to Nationally Determined Commitment (NDC) BAU Mt Actions 2030

5 Monitoring INDCs Mitigation progress toward national commitment and international goal. Adaptation progress on commitments and actions. International Support climate finance flows, capacity building and technology transfer National Allocation of Resources budget allocations to unconditional commitments Co-benefits benefits beyond GHG emission reductions, e.g. contributions to national development goals.

6 Monitoring INDCs Linkages to established processes: GHG inventory, IPCC guidelines, National Communications Monitoring targets and actions under NAPs / NAPAs Monitoring targets and actions under climate change policies, action plans and strategies National budget allocations to priority actions

7 Monitoring in INDCs Columbia Working on a system for Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) for mitigation, adaptation and climate finance Benin M&E system to be put in place Tunisia To put in place a Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) approach for national GHG emissions (inventory), mitigation measures (monitoring and checking impacts) and support (for mitigation and adaptation actions) Need for support to monitor INDCs/NDCs: institutional set up, indicators, methodologies

8 Why account for co-benefits?

9 Examples of co-benefits Reduced air pollution and health benefits Energy security Access to energy Employment creation Ecosystem protection Improving resilience to climate change Adaptation actions can have mitigation cobenefits

10 1. Mobilize sectoral departments and economic actors Justify actions that face resistance By improving the cost-benefit ratio of mitigation measures; demonstrating broader sector benefits and progress toward national goals Promote ownership of climate change actions in various ministries. A strong commitment from ministries of finance and/or planning can help make the transition.

11 2. Link INDC measures to national development goals Marshall Islands Reducing fossil fuel imports is the major goal, with the uptake of renewable energy and further energy efficiency improvements on both the demand and supply sides expected to replace more than one- third of fossil fuels for electricity and transport by Benin Unconditional contribution is carbon sequestration through national reforestation and tree planting efforts. Kenya Reforestation efforts supports Constitution s goal of 10% tree cover Ghana Reducing risk of climate change impacts on national development goals

12 2. Link INDC measures to other international goals Rio Conventions Biodiversity and desertification Sustainable Development Goals Climate change Agriculture and sustainable food production Sustainable energy Transport Economic growth / jobs

13 2. Attract International finance Demonstration of social, economic and environmental benefits to potential funders Demonstration of country ownership

14 What tools are available?

15 Macroeconomic Modelling Tools 1. MAPS Programme (Chile, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, South Africa) 2. Deep Decarbonisation Pathways Project (Indonesia, Mexico) 3. GEEM-Kenya

16 MAPS - Chile

17 Kenya: Low-Carbon Scenario Assessment Assess a broad range of low-carbon development futures 1. List of potential low-carbon options used to identify mitigation options to 2030 Based on feasibility in current context; abatement potential; alignment with government objectives (national development plan (Kenya Vision 2030); and co-benefits. 2. Historical and Forecast Emissions to 2030 (reference case) Detailed assessment of emissions inventory Computable general equilibrium model (CGE) modeling 3. Mitigation Potentials and Abatement Costs Detailed technical assessments by sector wedge analysis CGE modeling 4. Sustainable development and climate resilience co-benefits 5. Unified Scenarios, Priority Opportunities 6. Expert Validation Build a consensus view with stakeholders

18 Sustainable Development Assessment Kenya s National Climate Change Action Plan

19 Development Impacts Assessment - visualizing sustainable development impacts Based on recognition that low-carbon actions are rarely undertaken for climate mitigation benefits alone Need for communicating development impacts and facilitating decision making processes Kenya National Climate Change Action Plan - Adapted from the visualization tool for sustainable development impacts developed by the LEDS Global Partnership

20 Economic Analysis tool Dominican Republic

21 Gold Standard

22 Co-benefits in INDCs

23 Integrating co-benefits in INDCs Trinidad & Tobago Mitigation options were identified which underwent cost-benefit analyses and socio-economic impact assessment. Ethiopia offer positive returns on investment, thus directly promoting economic growth and creating additional high-quality green jobs Improved public health through better air and water quality; and Strengthened rural economic development through higher agricultural production, leading consequently to greater food security. Tunisia Other Information: sustainable development impacts energy, forestry and agriculture Ghana Priority mitigation actions link to those with sustainable development benefits

24 Adaptation actions with mitigation co-benefits Marshall Islands: RMI also considers that adaptation action will have mitigation co-benefits, with efforts such as mangrove and agriculture rehabilitation programs likely to enhance carbon sinks. Benin implementation of adaptation plans and programmes with mitigation co-benefits.

25 Conclusions

26 Co-benefits make mitigation easier Link mitigation to national development goals Increase buy-in from stakeholders Help attract international finance

27 Source: CDKN The impact of climate change on the achievement of the post-2015 sustainable development goals No ambition in Paris would mean few co-benefits Paris is thus critical to reaching the SDGs

28 What it means for monitoring Monitoring It is all about credibility Add co-benefits elements to monitoring processes Monitoring elements linked to Sustainable Development Goals

29 Coordinates Deborah Murphy