Water Reuse: Solution for Water Supply

Transcription

1 Water Reuse: Solution for Water Supply Chamindra Dassanayake (CD), PhD, P.E. Kevin Alexander, P.E. August 22, 2014 The Membrane Technology Consultants

2 Overview Water Reuse Definitions Drivers Mature Technology for Water Reuse A Case Study on Water Reuse Other Alternatives for Water Reuse

3 Reuse Definitions 2 Surface Water 3 Brine Water Treatment Plant 4 5 AWTF WWTP Municipal Water Use Landscape Irrigation & Other 1 Industrial Customer

4 DRIVERS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER REUSE/RECLAMATION! Surface Water Fully allocated or Drought! Groundwater Overdraft! Reliability! Snow bird effect (population move from cold water rich areas to warm water poor areas) Need Alternative Water Supplies Water Recycling/Reuse Brackish Water Desalination Imported Water FOCUS Sustainable Drought Proof

5 Common Objectives of Water Reuse! Renewable and drought proof water source! Technologies to create Designer Waters! Recycle/Reuse versus Disposal = Offset Potable Demand Remove contaminants to allow use of water

6 Why Water Reuse is Held to a Higher Standard! Unknowns drive standards! Detection levels beyond known health effects.! Trend to treat to very low levels- Sustainable?! Caution is prudent and necessary as we move forward

7 TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER REUSE RECYCLING/RECLAMATION

8 Product Water Quality Determines Treatment Technology Filtra'on* Particulate Removal Desalina'on* Total Dissolve Solids/ Emerging Contaminants Removal Pathogen/ Residual Contaminant Removal/ Destruction Disinfec'on/* UV/Advanced* Oxida'on/* Ozone* Organic Taste &Odor Removal Nanofiltra'on*or*GAC*

9 Effluent Criteria Drives Technology Selection Nitrogen Enhanced Biological / Denitrification Filters Reverse Osmosis TOC Granular Activated Carbon Reverse Osmosis Emerging Contaminants Reverse Osmosis Ozone Advanced Oxidation UV Advanced Oxidation

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11 Conventional Water Reclamation Process Flow (low TDS) Chlorine Primary Clarifiers Activated Sludge Anoxic Aerobic Secondary Clarifiers Disc Filters or Media filters Chlorine Contact Basin Solids Handling MLE Nitrification/Denitrification System = TN less than 10 mg/l Bardenpho Process = TN less than 3 mg/l TOC persists, NO TDS Removal WAS SE for Reuse Tertiary Effluent For Reuse

12 Process for Treating WW Effluent to Reduce TDS for Irrigation Chlorine( Ammonia( Membrane( Filtration( Antiscalant( Reverse( Osmosis( Disinfected(( Secondary( Or(Tertiary(( Effluent( Backwash( Waste( Acid( Concentrate( Blending( with(tertiary(( Effluent( (( Irrigation

13 Proven Process for Treating WW Effluent to Indirect Potable Standards Chlorine( Ammonia( Membrane( Filtration( Antiscalant( Reverse( Osmosis( UV/AOP( Secondary( Or(Tertiary(( Effluent( Acid( Recharge/ Reservoir Backwash( Waste( Concentrate( Carbon(Dioxide(( And(Lime( Stabilization(

14 Case Study West Basin MWD

15 WBMWD s Designer Water Capabilities 40,000 40,000 44,800 35,000 Acre-feet per year 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 18,800 16,800 14,000 12,500 6,500 5,800 2,900 2,600 0 T ertiary Cooling Towers GW Injection Low Pressure Boiler Feed High Pressure Boiler Feed

16 WBMWD - Advanced Water Treatment Secondary Effluent" Microfiltration! Reverse Osmosis! Chloramine Antiscalant" Formation" S.A." Backwash, Chemical Clean Waste" Cartridge Filtration" Reject" UV/AOP Stabilization" Product"

17 WBMWD Waste Water Reclamation for Industrial Applications Microfiltration! Reverse Osmosis! Chloramine Antiscalant" Tertiary (Title Formation" S.A." 22) Effluent" Backwash, Chemical Clean Waste" Cartridge Filtration" Reject" Decarb Boiler Feed Water for Refineries" Nitrification! Biofor Reactors" Nitrified Effluent for Cooling Towers"

18 City of LA Hyperion WWTP West Basin MWD El Segundo Water Recycling Plant (Phase 4) Parameter West Basin Injection WQ Goal Barrier TOC UV/ 0.5 NTU Total Nitrogen (TN) 3.0 NDMA <10 1,4 Dioxane CECs Ozone Phase 5 MF MF MF Title 22 Filter Plant RO 4.3 mgd RO 30 mgd 2.5 mgd RO 10.0 mgd 2.3 mgd RO AOP Chevron LPBF & HPBF Mobil BFP/Carson RWRP and Reuse Metropolitan Water District Imported 10 mgd Blend 22.5 mgd

19 Typical West Basin MWD Drinking Water Quality (non-reuse) Cons%tuent) Units) GW) MWD) ph* S.I.* 7.9* 8.1* Manganese* mg/l* 37* ND* Calcium* mg/l* 56* 60* Magnesium* mg/l* 9* 25* Sodium* mg/l* 45* 94* Potassium* mg/l* 2.9* 4.5* Chloride* mg/l* 31* 96* Bicarbonate* mg/l*as*caco3* 173* 109* Sulfate* mg/l* 58* 209* TDS* mg/l* ) ) Nitrate*as*N* mg/l* 0.25* 0.25* Hardness* Mg/l*as*CaCO3* 177* 253*

20 West Basin Advanced Treatment Water Quality (Reuse) Constituent Units Results Calcium mg/l 0.6 Magnesium mg/l 0.2 Sodium mg/l 60 Chloride mg/l 5.8 Sulfate mg/l 4 Bicarbonate mg/l 148 Nitrate mg/l 0.5 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 153 ph S.I. 8.5

21 WBMWD Nitrosamines Compound Raw ROF ROP UVP NUNitrosodiethylamine*NDEA* NUNitrosodimetylamine,*NDMA* NUNitrosodiUNUButylamine,*NDBA* NUNitrosodiUNUPropylamine,*NDPA* NUNitrosomethylethylamine,*NMEA* NUNitrosomorpholine,*NMOR* NUNitrosopiperidine,*NPIP* NUNitrosopyrolidine,*NPYR* ND N D ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Concentrations are in ng/l!!

22 WBMWD CEC Removal Comparison Compound Avg. MFF ng/l Avg. ROF ng/l Avg. UVF ng/l Avg. UVP ng/l Acetaminophen* <10 ND ND ND Caffeine* <42 ND ND ND Carbamazepine* <5 ND Estrone* <1 ND Gemfibrozil* ND Ibuprofen* <10 ND BisphenolUA* <10 ND Chloroform** Data from 2007 Tests for EPA Study 2. Chloroform in final product average less than 490 ng/l

23 ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES BEING CONSIDERED

24 Tertiary MF Process Chlorine Primary Clarifiers MLE Activated Sludge Secondary Clarifiers MF Chlorine Contact Basin Solids Handling Secondary Effluent For Reuse Tertiary Effluent For Reuse

25 Submerged Membrane Bioreactor Process Chlorine MLE Activated Sludge Or BNR Activated Sludge MBR Chlorine Contact Basin Solids Handling Tertiary Effluent For Reuse

26 MBR-RO Process MLE Activated Sludge Or BNR Activated Sludge MBR Chloramine Reverse Osmosis Lime Stabilization Concentrate Product Water to Reuse Application Solids Handling UV/AOP is potential depending On Absorption of Biomass

27 Pre-Ozone for CEC Destruction (e.g. Scottsdale Water Campus) Secondary Or Tertiary Effluent Ozone Disinfection Chloramine Membrane Filtration Reverse Osmosis UV/ AOP Lime Stabilization Recharge Backwash Waste Concentrate Ozone for: Primary disinfection NDMA FP reduction being

28 Ozone + Peroxide Pretreatment Chloramine Lime Stabilization Secondary Or Tertiary Effluent Ozone+ Peroxide Ceramic Filtration Reverse Osmosis Recharge Backwash Waste Concentrate Ozone or Ozone+Peroxide for Advanced Oxidation

29 UV/AOP before RO Secondary Or Tertiary Effluent Membrane Filtration Chloramine UV/AOP Reverse Osmosis Lime Stabilization Recharge Backwash Waste Concentrate UV/AOP, Ozone and Ozone Peroxide = Tested at SNWA

30 Florida Studying Reasonable Treatment and elimination of Brine For inland low TDS sources

31 Results in Florida Pilot (Deep Bed Filter - Ozone BAC) 1200 Concentration (ng/l) Influent Post Ozone Post BAC 10 0 Atrazine Carbamazepine Dilantin (Phenytoin) Fluoxetine Gemfibrozil Iopromide Naproxen -Nitrosodimethylamine Sulfamethoxazole Triclosan

32 Conclusions! Water Reuse is a viable solution to water supply! It can be applied in many different applications! Think of different water products! Use as a Raw Water supply source is an option to consider! Significant experience in other states and countries using recycled water.

33 Chamindra Dassanayake (M)