Effect of Water and Nitrogen Stresses on Correlation among Winter Wheat Organs

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1 Effect of Wate and Nitogen Stesses on Coelation among Winte Wheat Ogans Zhou Xin-Yang, Wang Yang-Ren To cite this vesion: Zhou Xin-Yang, Wang Yang-Ren. Effect of Wate and Nitogen Stesses on Coelation among Winte Wheat Ogans. Daoliang Li; Yingyi Chen. 7th Intenational Confeence on Compute and Computing Technologies in Agicultue (CCTA), Sep 213, Beijing, China. Spinge, IFIP Advances in Infomation and Communication Technology, AICT-42 (Pat II), pp , 214, Compute and Computing Technologies in Agicultue VII. <1.17/ _34>. <hal > HAL Id: hal Submitted on 27 Oct 215 HAL is a multi-disciplinay open access achive fo the deposit and dissemination of scientific eseach documents, whethe they ae published o not. The documents may come fom teaching and eseach institutions in Fance o aboad, o fom public o pivate eseach centes. L achive ouvete pluidisciplinaie HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau echeche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d enseignement et de echeche fançais ou étanges, des laboatoies publics ou pivés. Distibuted unde a Ceative Commons Attibution 4. Intenational License

2 Effect of Wate and Nitogen Stesses on Coelation among Winte Wheat Ogans Zhou Xin-yang a Wang Yang-en 1,b Hydaulic Engineeing Depatment, Tianjin agicultual univesity, Tianjin, China, 3384 a xinyang87@126.com b wyf@163.com 1 Abstact. Coelation among oot, stem, leaf and gain is the basis fo the establishment of photosynthate patitioning model, and is of geat significance fo ational egulation of plant mophology and population stuctue and impovement of cop economic poduction. The pape is based on expeiment esults of dy mate weight of oot, stem, leaf, and gain of winte wheat of 5 teatments with diffeent wate and fetilize level, and expeiment esults of soil moistue and soil nitogen (NH 4+ -N 和 NO 3- +N). The expeiment was caied out in the Famland Wate Cycling Expeiment Station of Tianjin Agicultual Univesity in The elationships between leaf to oot atio, stem to leaf atio, and gain to stem atio with oot nitogen uptake was established, espectively. The esults indicted that the leaf to oot atio, and stem to leaf atio was moe sensitive to wate and nitogen stesses than that of gain to stem atio. Both the leaf to oot atio and stem to leaf atio inceased with the oot nitogen uptake, and had positive coelations with oot nitogen uptake with the coelation coefficients above.91. The coelation between gain to stem atio and oot nitogen uptake was not significant within the given ange of wate and nitogen stesses. The atio of gain to stem unde wate and nitogen stesses was appoximately equal to that without wate and nitogen stesses. Key wods:gowth coelation,wate and nitogen stesses, winte wheat, leaf to oot atio, oot nitogen uptake 1 Intoduction Vaious pats of winte wheat (including oot, stem, leaf and gain) integate to a whole, whee each ogan has its unique function with close links between diffeent ogans. This phenomenon is known as coelation among plant ogans (Zhang, 27 ). Coelation among oot, stem, leaf and gain is the basis fo the establishment of photosynthate patitioning model, and is of geat significance fo ational egulation of plant mophology and population stuctue and impovement of cop economic poduction. Davison (1969) epublished coelation model between oot and shoot in dy matte, the model included nitogen uptake in pevious esults. The othe pevious esults pesented only coelation models among plant ogans and these models ae all without both wate stess and nutient stess. Fo example Michaelis-Menten s fomula (Liu, et al. 21), Thomas, et al. (1997), in additional biomass patitioning indexes (Liu, et al. 21), o patitioning coefficients (P.M. Diessen, et al. 1997), which imply coelation elationships among plant ogans, between cop ogans. Based on field expeiment esults, this pape epublished the coelation models between the atio (the leaf to oot atio, stem to leaf atio and gain to stem atio) with nitogen uptake of winte wheat unde wate and nitogen stesses conditions. 1 Coesponding Autho: Yang-en Wang (1962- ), pofesso, Ph.D.

3 2. Mateials and Methods The expeiment of wate and fetilize in winte wheat double factos was caied out at the wate cycling expeiment bases of Tianjin Agicultual Univesity in 29. The station located at 'E and 39 8'N, elevation 5.49m, goundwate table m. The type of winte wheat is 61, Gowth peiod was fom Octobe 7, 28 to June 15, 29. The soil bulk density in -1cm is 1.43 g / cm 3. The numbe of expeiment teatments was 11 with 3 eplications, and the aea of each expeiment plot is 66.7 m 2. The dy matte data of oots, stems, leaves, gain, soil moistue and nutient (include ammonium nitogen NH 4 + and nitate NO 3 + ) wee measued fo all teatments. These teatments include the combinations of high wate (4 times wate duing all gowth peiod, 6mm each time) and high fetilize (base fetilize: 75kg/ha compound fetilize with potassium sulfate type with 15% nitogen, 15% phosphous, 15% potassium, and ove 45% total nutients, topdessing: 225kg/hm 2 uea with 46.2% total nitogen), medium wate (3 times) and medium fetilize (45kg/ha compound fetilize, 15kg/ha uea), medium wate and low fetilize (15kg/ha compound fetilize, 75kg/ hm 2 uea), and without wate and fetilize. The test depth of soil moistue and nitogen is -16cm which is divided into eight layes, 2cm each laye. Fom sowing to havest, eight times was sampled to test nitogen in indoo method, and soil moistue is tested 22 times using the neuton pobe. The oot was sampled using oot dilling with the inne diamete of 5cm and the dill bit length of 1 cm, cleaned, oven-died and weighted to obtain the dy weight. Root samples wee taken in the idge and between two idges, and thei mean value is used to calculate the dy weight of the oot. Sampling depth is -6cm befoe jointing and -1cm afte jointing stage, 1cm a laye. Dy matte weight was tested nine times. 3. The Calculation of Nitogen Uptake by Winte Wheat Root Nitogen uptake amount is calculated fom the oot wate uptake multiplied by the soil wate nitogen concentation in diffeent soil layes, which is x( t 4.1 Sij z j Cij / ij (1) i1 j1 Whee x = cumulative nitogen uptake by cop oot fom sowing to the day t,kg/hm 2 ; S = oot ij wate uptake on day i and soil laye j, 1/d; C = soil nitogen content (the sum of nitate and ij ammonium nitogen) on day i and soil laye j, mg/kg; z = soil depth of laye j, cm, and j z j = 2cm in this study; i = days numbe fom sowing date, d; j = soil laye numbes, which is j = 1, 2, 3 and 4 fo -2cm, 2-4, 4-6cm, 6-8cm soil layes, espectively. The oot wate uptake can be calculated by Equation (2)(Kang, et al. 1994). Whee S ( z, T p e 1.8z / z ( z, t ) z c wp wp.6967 (2) Tp t = potential cop tanspiation ate at time t, mm d ; z = the soil depth fom the suface, cm; z,t = soil volumetic wate content on day t and at depth z, cm 3 /cm 3 ; = cop oot depth at z time t, cm; wp = soil moistue content at the wilting point, cm3 /cm 3 ; c = citical soil moistue

4 content affecting the oot wate uptake, cm 3 /cm 3. In this c =.75, whee f = soil moistue f content at field capacity and f = 36 cm3 /cm 3 within the -1cm soil laye. Following Diessen and Konijn (1997), Whee z can be appoximated by.3623t 8 t 14 z t 221 (3) t 221 Potential tanspiation ate can be expessed as (Kang, et al. 1994), KLAI T ET (1 e ) (4) p p LAI t = Leaf aea index; K = extinction coefficient which is taken as.6 in this pape; ET p t = Kc t ETo t, ET p t = Cop potential evapotanspiation, mm/d; ETo t Refeence cop evapotanspiation, mm/d, which can be calculated fom the Penman-Monteith equation (Richad, et, al. 1998); K c = cop coefficient. In days without LAI measuement, LAI can be estimated fom linea intepolation of two adjacent measuements. K c can be calculated fom (5) (Kang, et al. 1994), alai b K Kco LAI LAI LAI LAI c (5) Whee a, b, LAI, and K co ae constants, which ae.21,.42, 4.2, and 1.3, espectively. In Eqs. (1) and (2), soil moistue content and soil nitogen content can be obtained fom measued values in the field test. In days without measuement, soil moistue content and soil nitogen content of diffeent soil layes can be obtained fom linea intepolation of measuement. Then the amount of daily oot wate uptake and nitogen uptake can be calculated. Using Eq. (1), the cumulative nitogen uptake of winte wheat can be obtained fo diffeent iigation and fetilization teatments. Fom Eq.(1), the cumulative nitogen uptake consides both oot wate uptake and soil nitogen content, and can eflects soil moistue and soil nutient status to some extent. Theefoe, cumulative nitogen uptake can be used fo the quantitative epesentation of nutient and wate stesses effects on plant gowth. In this pape, cumulative nitogen uptake is taken as the moistue-nutient stesses index to analyze the effect of wate and nitogen stesses on coelation among winte wheat ogans, and to establish the elationship between stem to leaf atio ( K sl ), gain to stem atio ( K s ), leaf to oot atio ( K l ) and oot nitogen uptake. The above atios ae defined as K W W sl, s l K s W Ws, Kl Wl W, whee W l, W s, W and W ae dy weights of leaf, stem, ea and oot, kg/hm 2. Because the gain

5 test is moe difficult, especially befoe matuity, and ea dy weight test is easie; ea dy weight athe than gain dy weight was used. This is appopiate because the coelation between the matuity gain dy weight and ea dy weight is significant. Fo example, sampling data on June 15, 29 esulted in y=.7872x , R 2 =.981, whee y= gain dy weight, x= ea dy weight, kg/hm Results and Discussion 4.1 Effect of wate and nitogen stesses on winte wheat oot wate uptake and nitogen uptake, yield and total dy matte weight Amount of winte wheat oot wate uptake and nitogen uptake ae calculated fom Eqs (2) and (1) (Table 1) by using 5 teatments. Fo diffeent teatment, amount of winte wheat oot wate uptake and nitogen uptake have geat diffeences, which includes not only the impact of wate shotage on the amount of oot wate uptake, but also the effect on leaf aea index diffeence on winte wheat oot wate uptake. As can be seen fom Figue 2, due to wate, nitogen double stesses, leaf aea indexes have geate diffeence unde diffeent teatments. Leaf aea indexes of high wate high fetilize and medium wate and fetilize teatments ae geate, and thei maximum each 6.53 and 4.96 which appeaed in about.7 ( elative gowth peiod). LAI is smalle fo medium wate and low fetilize teatment, and smallest fo the medium wate and zeo fetilize teatment. Thus, to some extent, oot nitogen uptake amount is a bette epesentation fo the degee of wate and nitogen stesses. Table 1 Amount of winte wheat oot wate uptake and nitogen uptake in the whole gowing peiod unde diffeent teatments Teatment Root wate Root nitogen Gain yield Total dy matte uptake /mm uptake /kg/hm 2 /t/hm 2 /t/hm 2 High wate and high fetilize Medium wate and fetilize Medium wate and low fetilize Medium wate zeo fetilize Without wate and fetilize The elationship between leaf to oot atio, stem to leaf atio, stem to gain atio and oot nitogen uptake of winte wheat The elationship between leaf to oot atio and oot nitogen uptake The elationship between leaf to oot atio and oot nitogen uptake can be expessed as the powe function b K l t ax t, whee a and b ae two egession coefficients, and the egession esults is given in Table 2 using 5 teatments. The egession equations fo some testing time do not each a significant level, but the leaf to oot atio inceases with oot nitogen uptake and its powe index is aound.5 with the aveage value of.546. The coefficient a deceases with the elative gowth peiod. By fixing b=.5, the egession analysis of. 5 Kl t ax t esults in a.584t Using 2 to appoximate the powe index , the elationship between leaf

6 to oot atio and oot nitogen uptake can be expessed by equation (5)..5 2 K l =.584x( t (5) Table2. Relationships of leaf to oot atio and oot nitogen uptake at diffeent gowing peiod Time/yea- month-day Gowth days Relative gowth peiod a b Squaed coelation coefficient R 2 F(1,2) Note: significant F>F.5 =18.5, not significant F<F.1 = The elationship between stem to leaf atio and oot nitogen uptake The elationship between K K and 1/ x( is found to be linea (Fig. 1), whee slm sl K slm is the stem to leaf atio unde high wate high fetilize teatment. Fom the linea egession esults, the elationship between stem to leaf atio and oot nitogen uptake can be expessed as K sl Kslm( / x( (6) The elative values y (Kslm/Ksl) y = x R 2 = the ecipocal of the coesponding oot nitogen absoption (1/x) Figue 1 Relationship between stem to leaf atio and oot nitogen uptake The elationship between gain to stem atio and oot nitogen uptake Relative gain to stem atio is defined as the gain to stem atio unde vaying conditions divided by the atio unde high wate and high fetilize condition. The elationship between elative gain to stem atio and oot nitogen uptake is shown Fig. 2. As seen fom Figue 5, the elative gain to stem atio ( y K s ) emains constant fo diffeent oot nitogen uptake. Linea egession of y a2 x b esults in 2 a 2. 5, b2. 98 and the coesponding coelation

7 coefficient R.245 R 2, It shows that the effect of wate and nitogen stesses on gain to stem atio is not significant. Fo winte wheat, in a cetain wate and nitogen stesses ange (oot nitogen uptake ange in 57-36kg/hm 2 ), the elative gain to stem atio is not elated to oot nitogen uptake, and the value is.98 and vey close to 1. It indicates that the gain to stem atio is not affected by wate and nitogen stesses and its value is equal to gain to stem atio without wate and nitogen stesses. Relative values y y = -5E-5x +.98 R 2 = Root nitogen absoption /kg/hm 2 Figue 2 Relationship of gain to stem atio and oot nitogen uptake The above esults do not mean that gain gowth and stem gowth wee not elated to wate and nitogen stesses, and only shown that the atio of the dy weight of gain to stem did not change o the gain and stem weights incease o decease in the same degee fo winte wheat suffeing fom wate and nitogen stesses. In the above analysis, elative atios with espect to with the high wate high fetilization teatment (egading as no wate and nitogen stesses) wee used. As a esult, data fom diffeent teatment and time can be combined in models, which can be used fo coelations analysis of wate and nitogen stesses on the whole gowth peiod of winte wheat. 4.3 Validation Validation of the elationship between the leaf to oot atio with oot nitogen uptake Leaf to oot atio can be calculated fom Eq.(5) fo othe diffeent teatments. The scatte plot of measued and calculated values (Fig 3) shown that the scatte points lies aound the 1:1 line, with the coelation coefficient R R 2, and eached a significant level. This.1 shown that Eq. (5) can be descibed the elationship between the leaf to oot atio and oot nitogen uptake.

8 measued K l Measued Values K l =.9817K lmn R 2 = simulation Klmn Figue 3 Scatte plot of simulated and measued values of leaf to oot atio Validation of the elationship between stem to leaf atio with oot nitogen uptake Stem to leaf atio unde vaious oot nitogen uptake conditions can be obtained fom Eq. (6). The scatte plot of measued and calculated stem to leaf atios (Fig 4) shown that the simulated and measued values ae close to the 1:1 line with the coelation coefficient 2, R.9167 R. 1 and eached a vey significant level. This shown that the fomula (6) expessed the effect of wate and nitogen stesses on stem to leaf atio of winte wheat. The atio inceases with oot nitogen uptake y =.9854x R 2 = Stimulated Values Figue 4 Scatte plot of simulated and measued value of stem to leaf atio 5. Conclusions The pape is based on the expeiment esults of the dy mate weights of oot, stem, leaf, gain of winte wheat of 5 teatment with diffeent wate and fetilize levels, and the synchonization testing infomation of soil moistue and soil nitogen (NH + 4 -N 和 NO N). The expeiment was caied out in famland wate cycling expeiment bases of Tianjin Agicultual Univesity in The elationship between leaf to oot atio, stem to leaf atio, gain to stem atio and oot nitogen uptake was espectively established. The esults show that: (1) The wate and nitogen uptake by oots, to a cetain extent, can be eflected the degee of wate and nitogen stesses and can be taken as the index to descibe the effect of wate and nitogen stesses

9 on cops gowth. (2) Leaf to oot atio and stem to leaf atio ae moe sensitive to wate and nitogen stesses than gain to stem atio, and have significant coelations with oot nitogen uptake, and incease with oot nitogen uptake. Fo the ange of wate and nitogen stesses in this study, gain to stem atio is not coelated with oot nitogen uptake. (3) In this pape, the ange of wate and nitogen stesses is geate, with the oot wate uptake vaying fom to 299.4mm, oot nitogen uptake fom 67.8 to kg/hm 2, and coesponding cop yield fom to t/hm 2, the total dy matte fom to t/hm 2. Acknowledgment Funds fo this eseach was povided by the Natual Science foundation Pojects (567955), the Tianjin Science and Technology Development poject (1JCYBJC94). Refeences 1. Xu Ke-zhang, Plant physiology [M]. Beijing: China Agicultue Pess, Davidson R I Effect of oot/leaf tempeatue diffeentials on oot/shoot atios in some pastue gasses and clove. Ann Bot., 33: Liu Tie-mei Xie Guo-sheng, Agicultual System Simulation[M]. Beijing: Science publishes, 21: Thomas Kättee, Henik Eckesten, Olof Andén, Roge Pettesson Winte wheat biomass and nitogen dynamics unde diffeent fetilization and wate egimes: application of a cop gowth model[j]. Ecological Modelling, 12: Shi Jian-zhong Wang Tian-duo,A mechanistic model descibing the photosynthate patitioning duing vegetative phase [J],Acta Botanica Sinica, 1994,36(3): Wang Yang-en,Wate, Heat Tansfe and Cop Gowth Simulation in SPAC with Wate and Nutient Stess[D]. Nothwest A&F Univesity, Richad G Allen, Luis Peein, Dik Raes Matin Smith, Guidelines fo computing cop wate equiements FAO Iigation and Dainage 56, ZhangY-fang, Zhang Wei-zhen, The Pesent Status of Study on Uptake of Nitogen by Cop Roots[J]. Iigation and Dainage, 1996,15(3): Kang Shao-zhong Liu Xiao-ming Xiong Yun-zhang, Soil-Plant-Atmosphee Continuum Wate Tansmission Theoy and Its Application, Beijing: Hydaulic and Electic Powe Pess, P.M. Diessen N.T. Konijn wite[nethelands], Yu Zhen-ong, Wang Jian-wu, Qiu Jian-jun et tanslate, land use system analysis, Beijing: China Agicultual Science and Technology Pess, 1997