Based on technology readiness levels, the follow components of my solution can be evaluated:

Transcription

1 Readiness of my solution: Based on technology readiness levels, the follow components of my solution can be evaluated: - Laboratory tests for water and runoff study (6) according the US Department of Defense definitions. Runoff is analyzed by using mathematical models in combination with various quality sampling methods. Measurements can be made using continuous automated water quality analysis instruments targeted on pollutants such as specific organic or inorganic chemicals, p H, turbidity, etc., or targeted or secondary indicators such as dissolved oxygen. Investigations Investigations from Bali environment Agency found that waste from hotels, hospitals, and other industries failed to meet the criteria for waterway disposal. Laboratory tests on water from 6 beaches in Bali showed that not only did the water samples fail to meet the environmental quality standards; they also contained pollutants such as nitrites, nitrate, lead and phosphates. Among these 6 beaches were the famous Kata beach and other popular beaches, Jinbarau and Nusa Dua, and so on. - Satellite to localize pollution (9) according to U.S Department of Defense Locating the point source of pollution using satellite imagery, which will help us to identify, isolate, and offer new insight on managing the pollution issue in Southern Bali. In Bali efforts addressing the pollution issue include construction of new waste facilities in larger, more populated cities such as the current project in Suwung: the waste facility in Suwung is focusing on combating pollution, specifically in Southern Bali, by creating a final deposal site for waste. Also efforts are being employed by tourists driven hotels and resorts to better manage waste and reduce pollution produced in such locations. Local residents in the highly popular tourist regions such as Kuta and Senur are also involved in beach cleans up and participate in pollution control.

2 It is important to highlight in Indonesia, main shore protection scheme is hard structure, and seawall structure is widely applied. Actually, it is executing the first new project since October 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia, making the beginning of work on a major coastal protection on the National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD) project, which is aimed at countering the effects of soil subsidence and rising sea levels. - Satellite and Satellite radar altimeters for sea level and wave heights measurements respectively (9) according the U.S Department of - Recycling (9) according the U.S Department of Defense A supply chain program addresses the most pressing social and environmental issue in plastic recycling sector in Indonesia. Peduli Alam, founded in 2009 that is an association, is currently working on developing solutions to reuse plastic in order to diminish its impact on the environment. SBM Is the famous construction and mining equipment, USA, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Concrete recycling equipment, and waste recycling equipment. - Scientific research (9) according to the U.S Department of Based on the research and experiment test, the maximum replacement of recycled coarse aggregate that can be used in concrete is 35% and we can improve the durability of recycled aggregate by mixing with special material such as flying ash to produce high strength and durable concrete. Also, concrete with lead based paint would be able to be used as clean fill without impervious cover but with some types of soil cover. - Renewable energy (2) according to the U.S Department of Defense Indonesia s plan also set a bar for moving from fossil fuel to cleaner energy sources, setting a target of 23% of energy coming from renewable sources by Legislation against forest fires (2) according the U.S Department of

3 In recent months, the Indonesia government has made international headlines for efforts aimed attacking the blazes. In December 2016, the President Joko Wikodo announced a move to ban industrial activity on the country s peatlands. At the same time, new initiatives like the peatlands restoration agency have been established. - Protection with mangroves and coral reefs (9) according the U.S Department of There have been several studies using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) to assess the role of mangrove forests in mitigating damage to villages during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Danielsen et al. (2005) used satellite imagery to investigate the relative damage done by the tsunami to 12 villages on the southeast coast of India that were behind areas of dense tree vegetation, open tree vegetation, or no trees. They found that villages behind dense or open mangroves forests experienced markedly less damage than those behind no trees. In a more recent study done by Lasso Bayas et al in 2011, they concluded a limited ability of vegetation to mitigate large tsunamis and recommended combining planting with early warning systems and other risks mitigating actions. Coral reefs reduce tsunami impact in model simulations. This study done by Catherine M. Kunkel, Robert W. Hallberg, and Michael Oppenheimer provides another motivating factor for protecting the planet s coral reefs from degradation. - Methane collection (9) according the U.S Department of Defense In Melbourne, for instance, the wastewater treatment plant at Weeribee collects methane from its ponds. Some ponds collect up to 20,000 cubic meters of methane a day, which is then used to generate electricity to help power the treatment plant. - Methane like source of electricity (9) according to the U.S Department of

4 The United States already operates more than 500 landfill-to-energy projects, while Germany, always a leader in renewable technologies, produced enough electricity from biogas in 2009 to power over 3.5 million homes. Since 2005 Sweden has been using this technology to power a train, which runs between two cities over 120 km apart. Use of pyrolisys to convert methane in vinyl (9) according the U.S Department of (Using science to reduce methane levels) Phytocapping (9) according to the U.S Department of Defense Australian scientists are now looking at reducing methane levels at rubbish tips by growing plants and trees on their surface. The idea is for the plants to take up the water that would otherwise seep down and promote the anaerobic decomposition of rubbish, which produces methane. This method, known as phytocapping, has been tested successfully by researchers at Central Queensland University. Automated elevated system (9) according to the U.S Department of Defense A team from Nagoya University in central Japan, in collaboration with Hitachi Zosen Corporation and others have tested a system which can be put to use at any time. Also scientists demonstrated measurements and predictions of sea- level rise may have been incorrect since 1993, underestimating the growing volume of water in the oceans due to the receding bottom according to a new study published on December 23, The largest barrier to developing a prototype It is the combination of so many technologies to fulfill all the criterions to encompass all the factors and forces that participate in the landforms and coastal formation and also the combination of all technologies that allow a sustainable solution against this non- traditional challenge, the climate change. Aspect of my solution most uncertain

5 It is the automated elevator system. This system completes the concept of Tri- Hita, the harmony between Creation, Nature and culture applied in Island of happiness, in Bali and many world parts. According to a new study published online December 23, 2017 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, measurements and predictions of sea- level rise may have been incorrect since 1993, underestimating the growing volume of water in the oceans due to the receding bottom. Moreover, since 2011 in a study done by Lasso Bayas et al, they concluded a limited ability of vegetation to mitigate large tsunamis and recommended combining planting with early warning systems and other risks mitigating actions. So, in the next section, those last two studies will be reported.