An Overview of Water Resources of Pakistan Dr. Muhammad Akram Kahlown Chairman Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR)

Transcription

1 ASIAN WATER CYCLE SYMPOSIUM 2-44 NOVEMBER, 2005, JAPAN An Overview of Water Resources of Pakistan Dr. Muhammad Akram Kahlown Chairman Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR)

2 Mandate of PCRWR Conduct, organize, coordinate and promote research on all aspects s of water resources including irrigation, drainage, reclamation, navigation, drinking water, industrial water, and sewerage management and to set up national research centres wherever necessary Design, develop and evaluate water conservation technologies for irrigation, drinking and industrial water Conduct and coordinate research on desertification, drought and flood mitigation Develop and maintain national water resources database for use by the planning, implementing agencies and public Advise the government and submit policy recommendations regarding water quality, development, management, conservation and utilization tion of water resources Commercialize its R&D results from sale of products, patents and services as well as collaboration with other organizations Publish scientific papers, reports and periodicals, as well as to arrange seminars, workshops and conferences on water related issues Establish liaison with other related national and international research and development organizations, universities and NGOs

3 Major Water Management Issues h Low system efficiency (30%) h Low water productivity h Unutilized surface water resources (below Kotri: 36 MAF) h Inadequate storage h Sedimentation in storage reservoirs (0.2 MAF/Yr) h Over exploitation of groundwater h Improper disposal of drainage effluent

4 Resource Base (Water) Surface Water: 175 Bm 3 Total Available Storage: 20 Bm 3 Sedimentation in Storage: 0.2 Bm 3 Canal Diversions: 130 Bm 3 Groundwater Availability: 82 Bm 3 Groundwater Withdrawal: 62 Bm 3 Irrigated Area: 18 Mha Available for Additional Cultivation: 12 Mha

5 Water Availability and Demands Year 2001 Year 2004 Year (Bm ) Water Availability at Farm gate: Surface water Groundwater Total * Water Requirement: Irrigation Other Uses Total ** ** Shortfall 5% 11% 21% In 2025 Shortfall up to 50% (PWP, 2000) * Watercourse improvement (7.39 Bm 3 ), Raising Mangla (3.82 Bm 3 ), Kurram Tangi Dam (1.48 Bm 3 ), Small Dams (0.37 Bm 3 ), Gomal Zam (1.4 Bm 3 ), Mirani (0.37 Bm 3 ) ** Population Growth 2.6 to 1.9, increased food requirements and land reclamation

6 1,200 1,200 8,900 8,900 3,800 3,800 3,800 3,800 3,300 3,300 2,000 2, ,695 7,695 2,356 2,356 3,072 3,072 2,597 2,597 1,818 1, Pakistan Pakistan USA USA Iraq Iraq Philippines Philippines Mexico Mexico China China Country Country 2,490 2,490 14,934 14,934 18,441 18,441 13,507 13,507 11,396 11,396 4,597 4, ,672 1,672 9,913 9,913 6,029 6,029 5,173 5,173 4,226 4,226 2,427 2,

7 Water Cycle Variability Prediction Conventional method - weather charts Numerical models up to about 2 weeks Global circulation model Regional model Limited area model Seasonal models 70 to 80% confidence level

8 Major Floods and Impacts Year Property Damaged (Billion Rs.) Lives Lost (Nos.) Villages Affected (Nos.) Total

9 Droughts in Pakistan Droughts in Pakistan Kalat Ormara Panjgur Dalbadin Nokundi Sibbi Balochistan Chhor Badin Jacobabad Nawabshah Sindh Balakot Peshawar NWFP Murree Rawalpindi Jhelum Lahore Punjab Frequency Period Cities Province

10 Impact of Recent Drought ( ) Affected over 3.3 million people Hundreds people died 30 million livestock affected Over 2 million livestock died Water table dropped at 3.5 m per annum 200 tubewells, 180 karazes and 75 springs dried up

11 Effect of Climate Change on Water Cycle Rise in temperature 0.4 to 1 o C in 30 years ( ) 90) Increase in highest annual rainfall at 20 locations to mm Decrease in lowest annual rainfall at 21 locations 7.6 to mm Rise in sea level

12 Glaciers in Pakistan Total glaciers: Contributing to Indus river system: 202 Advanced across streams: 67 Challenges to glaciers Rapid advancement Depletion due to global warming

13 Promotion of Efficient Use of Water Resources Growing rice and cotton on bed and furrows Growing rice and wheat with sprinkler irrigation Growing corn with rouni irrigation

14 Visit : pcrwr@isb.comsats.net.pk