Session introductive. Travaux nationaux pour l élaboration d une doctrine post-accidentelle. Riitta HANNINEN

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2 Session introductive Travaux nationaux pour l élaboration d une doctrine post-accidentelle Building a late phase emergency management in Finland Riitta HANNINEN Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) Finland

3 Building a late phase emergency management in Finland Riitta Hänninen, Hannele Aaltonen and Kyllikki Aakko Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) Finland

4 Efforts in Finland Emphasis from issues in the early phase into issues to be handled in the intermediate and recovery phase ( late phase ) of an emergency preparation of generic and operational guidance for late phases of an emergency national strategy for handling and disposal of waste containing radioactive substances exercises with scenarios targeted for issues concerning late phase of an emergency monitoring strategy for late phase Stakeholder involvement crucial in planning and upgrading arrangements for emergencies and incidents!

5 Generic and operational guidance for late phase of an emergency A guide for early phase contains operational intervention levels of protective measures. However, there are credible scenarios with no or very short early phase. The aim is to get practical guidance for decision making taking into account all possibilities, measures, needs and societal factors etc. in order to gain maximal net benefits. The guide contains operational intervention levels for graded lifting, continuation of early phase protective measures or for implementing new ones. It also includes e.g. values for categorising waste containing radioactive substances.

6 Protective measures during the recovery phase of an emergency Population Inhabited areas & recreation environment Foodstuffs and water Evacuation/ termination or continuation of sheltering, or reduced sheltering indoors Repeat of iodine prophylaxis Protection of workers, and people in outdoor activities in contaminated area Decontamination of people Restrictions concerning use of contaminated area: recreation & production; agriculture excluded Decontamination: inhabited areas (roads, buildings, parks etc) indoor areas vehicles, equipment, items etc. Fixing or covering of contamination: use of fixing substances covering of contaminated surfaces Waste containing radioactive substances Restrictions concerning foodstuffs and drinking water Restrictions concerning foodstuffs production / processing and use of untreated water Measures concerning foodstuffs production and water supply (sources) Measures concerning processing: special treatment of foodstuffs measures concerning production premises and means measures concerning treatment and delivery of water

7 National strategy for handling and disposal of waste containing radioactive substances A work group with relevant stakeholders was established to define the roles and responsibilities of relevant organisations and to identify the relevant legislation concerning radiation protection and waste disposal including principles of environmental protection the rules of the game : cooperation, communication and coordination among those organisations that handle waste issues the practical methods and possibilities of handling different type of waste containing radioactive substances by using and modifying practise in Finland the additional methods to supplement ordinary practices Results including proposals for further work will be issued in mid 2008.

8 Late phase exercises For many years late phase exercises with different types of scenarios have been organised in Finland with active involvement of various stakeholders (e.g. authorities on national, regional and local level, representatives from private sector, NGOs, media). Exercises have not only shown the complexity of problems with respect to later phases of an emergency but also promoted planning and preparedness and shown need for additional guidance. Exercises have strengthened the capability to cooperate, communicate and coordinate with all stakeholders.

9 Monitoring strategies Information of radiation situation obtained by monitoring is necessary for protective measures; monitoring results are also important to maintain credibility and acceptance. Monitoring is needed in the whole country even in areas with low or no contamination Monitoring resources are always limited; thus all resources of the society, on national and local level and in the private sector, must be taken into account, e.g. the monitoring capabilities of food industry. A continued cooperation is needed to maintain monitoring capabilities on an acceptable level (resources, knowledge). Presently emphasis has been put to upgrade monitors on local level and to cooperation with food industry.

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