Development and application of a methodology for Participatory Rapid Sanitation System Risk Assessment (PRSSRA) and its application in Maputo

Transcription

1 14 October 2015 Development and application of a methodology for Participatory Rapid Sanitation System Risk Assessment (PRSSRA) and its application in Maputo Moises Mabote

2 Presentation Outline About Splash Project Aims of the Project Risk Associated to Sanitation Systems Risk reduction planning Participatory Rapid Sanitation Systems Risk Assessment Municipal Risk Assessment Risk mitigation strategies

3 About SPLASH European Water Initiative ERA-NET (SPLASH) Transnational Research on Sustainable Sanitation Service Chains The SPLASH Sanitation Programme aims to address urban sanitation challenges at scale in sub-saharan Africa by developing solutions that focus on the entire sanitation service delivery chain. funded by the : Austrian Development Cooperation (ADC) Department for International Development (DFID) Ministrère des Affaires Étangères et Européenes (MAEE) Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

4 Project purpose and aims Sustainable and resilient sanitation service chains in Maputo province, Mozambique Action research and piloting for the benefit of the urban poor Purpose : Contribute towards the development of long-term strategies to mitigate environmental health risks related to sanitation and promote the development of sustainable sanitation service delivery. Aim : The project aims to develop a methodology to reduce vulnerability for urban populations from sanitation related hazards via the : development and application of risk-based systems analysis; identification of resilient sanitation technologies and development of strategies for their implementation; capacity development of stakeholders to collectively enhance sustainability of sanitation services.

5 Household domain disease transmission related to toilet facilities, water supply and hygiene behaviour (WASH) Public domain disease transmission related to environmental sanitation (excreta and wastewater management, solid waste collection and drainage) Disease transmission routes associated with sanitation Disease transmission related to contamination of water supply systems, and water bodies used as sources of drinking water, other domestic, and recreational uses Disease transmission related to wastewater reuse leading to microbial contamination of the food cycle

6 Overview of risk reduction planning

7 Risk assessment and process for development of risk reduction strategy 1 2 Municipal system risk assessment 3 Diagnosis of causes and proposed solutions for risk reduction 4 Development of municipal strategy and action plan

8 Participatory Rapid Sanitation System Risk Assessment The PRSSRA is based around the following techniques: 1) Stakeholder engagement to capture local knowledge in the form of workshops, group discussions, interviews and guided site visits. 2) Sanitary surveys to assess the condition of sanitation infrastructure by reviewing specific indicators. 3) Risk assessment to aggregate vulnerability, level of exposure and hazard intensity to estimate overall risk to human health.

9 Risk scoring Traffic light system Risk score 1 = 1 = 2 Risk score 2 = 3 Risk Score 3

10 Community level risk assessment Community workshops in 5 areas : Chamanculo D and C, Mafalala, Maxaquene A, Xipamanine

11 Community scoring of risk in their local area

12 Risk indicators and scoring definitions

13 Risk Calculation Risk= X (Hazard + Exposure + Vulnerability) Hazard = X (T f + C l + D e + W w + S w + F l ) where T f = Toilet coverage C l = Condition of latrine facilities D e = Desludging W w = Domestic wastewater disposal S w = Solid waste collection F l = Flooding/storm water drainage Exposure = X (S d + S l + H b +W s + R e ) where S d = Settlement density S l = Sharing of latrines H b = Hygiene behaviour W s = Water supply R e = Wastewater reuse Vulnerability = X (H c + C c + E d ) where H c = Housing condition C c = Number of under-5 children per family E d = Level of education

14 Example of Scoring - Hazards Level of risk for each indicator = (No. of counters for low risk Risk factor of 1) + (No. of counters for medium risk Risk factor of 2) + (No. of counters for high risk Risk factor of 3) / Total number of counters For example, if the group allocated 3 counters for low risk, 3 for medium risk and 2 for high risk, then the score was calculated at (3 1) + (6 2) + (1 3) = 18/10 = 1.8 The highest score for each indicator is therefore ((0 1) + (0 2)+ (10 3)) = 3 whereas the lowest possible score = ((10 1) + (0 2) + (0 3)) / 10 = 1 Results were transformed to a scale of per cent risk, with 0 per cent representing a completely safe condition and 100 per cent representing a high-risk condition. In this way low risk was 33 per cent (score 1), medium risk was >33 and 67 per cent (score 2) and high was >67 and 100 per cent (score 3)

15 Sanitation system risk mapping tool Modification of a sanitation mapping tool development by WaterAid Simple to use Functions offline with Google earth Hazardous events Exposure Vulnerability

16 Municipal system risk assessment

17 Municipal system risk assessment

18 Sanitation system mapping and hazard identification

19 Municipal system risk assessment Risk assessment to assess the extent of impact on the local population.

20 Risk assessment and process for development of risk reduction strategy 1 2 Municipal system risk assessment 3 Diagnosis of causes and proposed solutions for risk reduction 4 Development of municipal strategy and action plan

21 Risk mitigation strategies Area-based slum upgrading Interventions at the neighborhood level Communal infrastructure small-scale private sector service providers Neighborhood waste collection schemes and local environmental management Community mobilization community level hygiene promotion and health awareness, City level Neighborhood Household Individual City-wide interventions Interventions at the city level installation of large-scale infrastructure and waste management systems Social marketing and mass awareness-raising campaigns Healthy city and improved hygiene behaviour / environmental management Household level interventions Improved house level sanitary facilities and hygiene behavior

22 Obrigado