GEF CONTRIBUTION to HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS BASED APPROACHES for ADAPTATION to & MITIGATION of CLIMATE CHANGE

Transcription

1 EU Green Week 2010 GEF CONTRIBUTION to HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS BASED APPROACHES for ADAPTATION to & MITIGATION of CLIMATE CHANGE EU, Brussels June,

2 Mission of the GEF Provide Grants for the Incremental Costs of achieving Global Environmental Benefits in support of sustainable development in 6 focal areas: Biological Diversity Climate Change International Waters Land Degradation Ozone Layer Depletion Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

3 CBD UNFCC POPS CCD GEF Organizational Chart DONORS STAP ASSEMBLY COUNCIL EO NGOs IAs UNDP UNEP WB ADB AfDB Multilateral Fund of Montreal Protocol CEO / CHAIRMAN GEF SECRETARIAT Private Sector EBRD FAO IDB International Waters IFAD UNIDO

4 GEF Funding 39 Donor Countries: U.S. 22.4%, Japan 22.2%, Germany 16.7%, France 11%, UK 11% To date, GEF has disbursed about $9.2 Billion and leveraged over $40 Billion in co-financing to over 165 developing countries

5 Focus on strategic investments to achieve higher and multiple environmental benefits impact Multi-Focal Areas to Integrate BD, IW, CC (Mitigate& Adapt), LD, and Persistent Organic Pollutants CTI, PAS GEF-5 Priorities Record 5 th Replenishment of the GEF Fund: Donors pledge $4.25 billion for environmental sustainability in developing countries Lower CO2 emissions; expand sustainable management of protected areas and critical landscapes; Strengthen multi-state cooperation on trans-boundary water systems management; Reduce persistent organic pollutants in land and water; reduce mercury emissions, Expand and protect the Earth s forest cover.

6 Role of Healthy Ecosystems in Moderating CC It is More than Just Carbon Maintaining or improving the ability of forests and oceans to absorb carbon is a crucial aspect of reducing emissions. Green or Blue Forests CONSERVATION as we are reminded from the forest experience & the move from REDD to REDD+, is not all about carbon.. Forest & Marine Ecosystems should be considered not only for their potential to store & sequester carbon but also for all the other services they provide Forests provide essential ecosystem such as watershed protection, water flow regulation, nutrient recycling, rainfall generation &disease regulation Coastal ecosystems are the basis of the world s primary fishing grounds, & are crucial for filtering water; reducing effects of coastal pollution, nutrient loading & sedimentation; & buffering the impacts of extreme weather 6

7 Role of Healthy Forests Ecosystems Forests cover about 4 billion hectares or 30% of the world's total land area. About 21% of forests are still intact. ~13 million ha are lost every year. Deforestation contributes about 18% of global GHG emissions - more than the transport sector Forests provide a wide range of environmental services, including BD conservation, water supply, carbon sequestration, flood control, & protection against soil erosion and desertification Forests contain about 80% of terrestrial BD More than 1.6 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods About 10 million people are employed in forest management and conservation In 2004, forest products accounted for US$327 billion, or 7 3.7% of international trade

8 Role of Healthy Ocean Ecosystems Coastal/Marine Ecosystems provide nutrition for about 3 billion people, & 50% of animal protein & minerals to 400 million people in LDCs $70 billion in annual international trade of marine fisheries products stem from the oceans Coastal ecosystems filter water; reduce effects of coastal pollution, nutrient loading & sedimentation; and buffer impacts of extreme weather and erosion Half the carbon emitted, which is sequestered by nature, can be attributed to marine ecosystems, and Earth s temperature is regulated by these ecosystems The marine environment is under significant & increasing stress e.g. from the impact of extractive industries, pollution, overfishing, & elevated carbon dioxide levels resulting in ocean acidification. These stresses curtail the efficiency of oceans role as climate moderator and provider of essential 8 services

9 TRENDS Higher Temperature Higher Acidity Rising Coastal Populations Rising Coastal Industries Increased Pollution from terrestrial and marine activities Overfishing Rising Sea Levels CONSEQUENCES Diminished Effectiveness in Regulating Earth s Climate leading to increased frequency & intensity of coastal floods, hurricanes, typhoon, tsunamis Reduction in Marine BD & Productivity (e.g. ecosystem services) and Shifts in Distribution of Species 9

10 RESPONSES 1. Advancing Management of Ecosystems & Integrated Approaches in the Context of CC Ecosystems Management + Science are Key Elements of a National CC Strategy Some Adaptation Occurring Now but on a Limited Basis Integrate a Portfolio of Adaptation and Mitigation Measures to Curtail Risks Associated with CC Scaling Up is Far from Easy Challenge: 1. Increase the Number and Impact of Adaptation Projects 2. Increase Mitigation Measures, curtailing sources of Disequilibrium Integrate Adaptation and Mitigation Measures

11 2. Get the Science Right & Economic Valuation of Ecosystems Make the Business Case for the conservation of forests & coastal/marine ecosystems measured against unsustainable conversion or extinction of ecosystems Assign Monetary Value to the services provided by ecosystems : e.g. watershed protection; carbon sequestration; BD, water, food supply; etc. Carbon Sequestration: 1. Develop, & reach scientific consensus on, carbon accounting methodology to underpin further action 2. Develop Financing Mechanisms for green & blue carbon credits, trading, & offsets systemsincluding exploring potential use of a performancebased REDD+ 11 mechanism

12 Healthy well-managed forests can provide important environmental services, including water supply & protection against soil erosion

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14 Healthy Oceans Critical in Capturing Blue Carbon 14

15 Mangroves Sea Grass Ocean Carbon Storage Pumps Store Permanently Up to 71% of All Carbon Stored in Oceans Salt Marshes Near Half of the Traffic Emissions

16 Ocean Blue Carbon Pumps Disappearing Faster Than Any Other Ecosystem and May Be Lost in 2 Decades 16

17 Blue Forests: Mangroves One of the most unique ecosystems on Earth as they thrive where no other trees can survive the transition between the ocean and the land. Healthy Mangroves Buffer zone between ocean & land coastal protection Shelter & food source for aquatic & terrestrial organisms Carbon Sinks : Indications are that these habitats sequester more carbon on a unit basis than rainforests and can contribute to climate change mitigation 17

18 Continue... CTI - 60,000 km2 of coastal area estimated to support carbon burial of ~8.3 million tons of CO 2 annually (Spalding et al. 2001), Columbia - More than 2,000 sq km of significant corals, mangroves and sea grass beds legally protected within a system of 4 large MPAs India More than 3,401 sq km of mangroves Indonesia: facilitate Protection of 2,085 ha of mangrove forest in the Cobanos area. South China Sea & Guinea Current LMEs Future: Scale-up Coastal Protection of SE Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Vietnam) 18 and Africa.

19 Examples of Multiple Global Environmental Benefits Programs 19

20 1. The GEF-4 SFM Program Open to all GEF beneficiary countries with forests that can create globally important environmental benefits Goal: Sustainable management of forests to achieve multiple global benefits GEF resources: $433 million BD: $335 million; CC: $50 million; LD: $48 million Tropical Forest Account: $40 million GEF pilot in REDD+ 20

21 2. Pacific Alliance for Sustainability Program (PAS) Countries: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu Goal: to Contribute to Sustainable Development in the Pacific Islands through Improvements in Natural Resource and Environmental Management GEF Resources: US$99.8 million: BD: $39.2M;CC Adaptation: $28.4M;CC Mitigation: $18.2M;IW: $9M;POPs: $5.1M Initial Co-financing: $84.1 million

22 3. The Coral Triangle Initiative Program Countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Palau and Vanuatu. CTI supports: 5 Commercial Tuna Species The Richest Concentration of Marine Biodiversity Focus: Conservation of Tuna & Coral Ecosystems & Poverty Alleviation GEF Resources: US$63.1 million BD: $23.5M CC Adaptation: $21M IW: $18.6M Initial Co-financing: $382 million

23 4. GEF Mediterranean Sustainable Development Program Sustainable MED Build a better future for the Mediterranean communities with a focus on sustainable water resources management - integrating economic and environmental progress, including protecting essential ecological services, and curtailing global warming Regional Project implemented by UNEP/MAP: Integration of climatic variability and change into national strategies to implement the ICZM Protocol in the Mediterranean (UNEP) 23

24 GEF Adaptation Strategy Goal: Support developing countries to increase resilience to climate change through implementation of adaptation measures in development policies, plans, programs, projects and actions Objectives: Reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity Impact: Reduce absolute losses due to climate change, including variability 24

25 GEF is involved in 3 Adaptation Fund Mechanisms UNFCCC Climate Change Funds Kyoto Protocol Adaptation Fund Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF) NAPA Preparation & Implementation Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) Top Priority to Adaptation 2% Share of the CDM Proceeds GEF provision of Secretariat Services $120M revenue for the AF as of May 2010 $ M through 2012

26 Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Samoa LDCF/GEF: $2 Million CC Vulnerabilities: Sea Level Rise loss of land and salt intrusion into freshwater loss of livelihood Increased storm activity flooding, loss of life, crops and infrastructure Increasing frequencies of climate related health problems Increasing intensity of both rainfall and drought loss of crops and agricultural productivity Adaptation Actions: Improvement of health sector capacity Pilot measures on agriculture and food security Improving and disseminating seasonal forecasts Improvement of Early Warning System Outcomes: Decreased loss of life to tropical disease Increased food and water security Decreased loss of life and livelihood from climate disaster events 26

27 LDCF/SCCF Coastal Adaptation Bangladesh: Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change through Coastal Afforestation Cambodia: Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Program for Climate Change in the Coastal Zone including livelihood improvement & ecosystems Djibouti: Reducing Impacts and Vulnerability of Coastal Productive Systems Egypt: Adaptation to Climate Change in the Nile Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone Management Guinea: Increased Resilience and Adaptation to Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in Guinea's 27 Vulnerable Coastal Zones

28 Haiti: Strengthening adaptive capacities to address climate change threats on sustainable development strategies for coastal communities Liberia: Enhancing Resilience of vulnerable coastal areas to climate change risks Mexico: Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts on the Coastal Wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico through Improved Water Resource Management Tuvalu: Increasing Resilience of Coastal Areas and Community Settlements to Climate Change Vietnam: Climate-resilient Infrastructure Planning and Coastal Zone Development in Vietnam Yemen: Integrated Coastal Zone Management 28 in the Gulf of Aden

29 Adaptation to Climate Change in the Nile Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone Management - SCCF/UNDP Objective: Integrate the management of sea level rise risks into the development of Egypt s Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) in the Nile Delta $17 M; $4 M SCCF & $13 M cofinancing 29

30 Egypt Project Components 1. Regulatory Framework and Institutional Capacity Outcome: Capacity to improve resilience of coastal settlements and development infrastructure is strengthened 2. On the Ground Measures Outcome: Innovative and environmentally friendly adaptation measures enforced in the framework of Nile Delta ICZM 3. Knowledge Management Outcome: M&E framework and knowledge management system in place 30

31 Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Samoa LDCF/GEF amount:: $2 Million CC Vulnerabilities: Sea Level Rise loss of land and salt intrusion into freshwater loss of livelihood Increased storm activity flooding, loss of life, crops and infrastructure Increasing frequencies of climate related health problems Increasing intensity of both rainfall and drought loss of crops and agricultural productivity Adaptation Actions: Improvement of health sector capacity Pilot measures on agriculture and food security Improving and disseminating seasonal forecasts Improvement of Early Warning System Outcomes: Decreased loss of life to tropical disease Increased food and water security Decreased loss of life and livelihood from climate disaster events 31

32 MANGROVES EMPOWER PEOPLE CC ACCESS to RESOURCES CONSERVATION 32

33 Common Goal: Sustainability of Marine Resources Partners Countries Political Will Enabling Conditions for Sustainable PS Investment Clear, Transparent, Predictable Investment Climate Fishermen Small-Scale Fisher Folks Industrial Fisheries 33

34 Coral Triangle Initiative 6 Governments Management, Conservation, and Adaptation to Climate Change of the Coral Ecosystems and Fisheries 34

35 Private Sector Driver of Changes 35

36 Thank You 36