Energy Efficiency Potential in Existing Building

Transcription

1 Energy Efficiency Potential in Existing Building JKR HQ, Block F, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin Presented by: CK Tang BSEEP Consultant Building Energy Index (with Solar PV) Measured LEO (2004) 100 kwh/m 2 year ST Diamond (2010) 55 kwh/m 2 year GEO (2007) 30 kwh/m 2 year Cumulative percentile 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Malaysia (41 office buildings) Singapore (95 office buildings) 0% Energy Efficiency Index (kwh/m2/year) Typical Cross Section Source of chart: EAEF Project 64 Project leader: Energy Sustainabilty Unit, Singapore,

2 How low can Existing Building go? 10 ~ 15% reduction? 20 ~ 30% reduction? 40 ~ 60% reduction? 70 ~ 100% reduction? Energy Simulation on an Existing Building was conducted to test the potential. Measured Data in 2008 Cofreth (M) Sdn Bhd conducted a Detailed Energy Audit on Block F, JKR building. MEASURED DATA used for Base Building Scenario. 2

3 Measured BEI for this Building GBI s BEI: 122 kwh/m 2 /year Excluding Data Center Building Model vs. Actual Building Floor Area Measured: 24,345 Floor Area Model: 23,368 Differences: 4.0% 3

4 Summary of Simulation Results Block F Simulated BEI Potential B0 C1 C3 C5 C7 C9 C11 C13 C15 C17 C19 C21 C23 C25 C27 C29 C31 C33 C35 C37 C39 C41 C43 kwh/m2/year C45 C47 C49 C51 60% % Accumulated Energy Reduction 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% B0 C1 C3 C5 C7 C9 C11 C13 C15 C17 C19 C21 C23 C25 C27 C29 C31 C33 C35 C37 C39 C41 C43 C45 C47 C49 C51 Comparison Between Measured and Simulations Descriptions Measured (kwh/year) Simulated (kwh/year) % diff from Measured Chilled Water Production System 1,188,724 1,188, % Air Handling Units 603, , % Air Handling Units, without weekend and nights 517, , % Lighting and Small Power 1,085,851 1,051, % Domestic Pump 14, % Vertical Transport 101, , % Others (Essential Supply) 871, , % Total (using AHU without weekends and nights) 3,779,839 3,782, % Simulation Results Matches Measured Values Well. 4

5 Measured AHU Power Consumption Simulated AHU Power Consumption Power (kw) Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Date: Sat 14/Jan to Fri 20/Jan ApHVAC distr fans energy: (01base01_as_is.aps) 5

6 Comparison Between Measured and Simulations Descriptions Measured (kwh) Simulated (kwh) % diff from Measure d AHU 603, , % AHU without weekends and nights 517, , % Chillers 858, , % Heat Rejection (Cooling Tower & Condenser Pump) 179, , % Chilled Water Pumps 141, , % Others 8, % Total (using AHU without weekends and nights) 1,705,814 1,701, % Simulation Results Matches Measured Values Well. Data Center ~ 22% of Base Load EE Scenario. Data Center Load still unchanged! Simulated Base Case Energy Consumption of Different Systems Case 51 Energy Consumption of Different Systems 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1,400,000 35% 1,200,000 30% 1,000,000 25% 800,000 20% 600,000 15% 400,000 10% 200,000 5% 0% 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , , ,000 Chilled Water Production System Air Handling Units Lighting and Small Power Domestic Pump Vertical Transport Others (Essential Supply) Chilled Water Production System Air Handling Units Lighting and Small Power Domestic Pump Vertical Transport Others (Essential Supply) Simulated (kwh) % Simulated (kwh) % 6

7 Summary of Results Descriptions Base Case 51 % Reduction Chilled Water Production System 1,188, , % Air Handling Units 512,909 35, % Lighting and Small Power 1,051, , % Vertical Transport 107,610 92, % Others (Essential Supply) 922, , % Total 3,782,486 1,882, % Energy Efficiency Strategies Better Comfort, Lower Energy Use LT = Life Time of Product (years) Electricity tariff: RM 0.35/kWh 7

8 C1. Fix Building Air Tightness Measured Air Leakage: 1.65 ach Case 1 Building ex filtrate 10% of air supply BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 47k RM/year % : 3.5% LT: 10 yr, RM 470k for building Cumulative Energy Reduction: 3.5% C2. Better Comfort Existing Chiller unable to provide adequate cooling when building was leaky! Temp Set point: 22.5 C Duct leakages BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 66.8k RM/year LT: 0 yr, RM 0 % : 5.0% Temperature ( C) :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Date: Mon 30/Jan Air temperature: 17 rooms (c02_bettercomfort.aps) Air temperature: 17 rooms (c01_airtight.aps) Cumulative Energy Reduction: 1.5% 8

9 C3. Small power reduction at night 25% down to 10% at night Measured Data W/m2 kw Building Small Power (daytime) Small Power nite (25% of daytime) BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 30k RM/year % : 2.2% LT: 3 yr, 40 timers/flr, RM 131/ timer Cumulative Energy Reduction: 0.7% C4. Office Space Lighting Lighting Power Density: 11.7 down to 9 W/m2 25% reduction Replace existing T8 with T5 using adapter BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 60k RM/year % : 4.5% LT: 3 yr, 5925 lamps, RM 30/lamp Cumulative Energy Reduction: 5.2% 9

10 C5. Office Space Lighting Occupancy Sensor 9 W/m2 down 20% to 7.2 W/m2 Lighting switch Strategically placed BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 38k RM/year % : 2.9% LT: 5 yr, 20 units/flr, RM 566/ unit Cumulative Energy Reduction: 8.1% C6. Occupancy Sensor in Toilet 50% Reduction in Toilet Lighting BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 1,700 RM/year LT: 5 yr, RM 250/ toilet % : 0.1% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 8.3% 10

11 C7. Lift Efficiency Shut down 50% lifts after 7pm BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 5k RM/year % : 0.4% LT: 5 yr, RM 4,500/lift Cumulative Energy Reduction: 8.7% C8. CO2 sensor Fresh air regulated BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 51k RM/year % : 3.9% LT: 5 yr, RM 7,600/ ahu Cumulative Energy Reduction: 12.6% 11

12 C9. Better Comfort Temperature setpoint 22.5 deg Room temp is at 23.5 deg Due to duct leakages Calibrated to ~ 20% leakages BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 27k RM/year % : 2.0% Temperature ( C) Temperature ( C) :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Date: Mon 16/Jan Air temperature: 17 rooms (c08a_co2_tempdw.aps) Air temperature: 17 rooms (c08_co2.aps) :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Date: Mon 16/Jan Dry resultant temperature: 17 rooms (c08a_co2_tempdw.aps) Dry resultant temperature: 17 rooms (c08_co2.aps) Cumulative Energy Reduction: 10.5% C10 12: Chiller Water Flow Rate Optimisation Reduce Chill Water Flow (measured 24% ) Pump Affinity s Law High Delta T Flow Rate Flow reduced to 50% BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 37k RM/year % : 2.8% LT: 8 yr, RM 148k/pump Cumulative Energy Reduction: 13.3% 12

13 C AHU Optimisation Fix Duct Leakages Reduce Flow Rates Low Pressure Loss Air Filters Improve Fan Efficiency BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 186k RM/year % : 14.4% LT: 8 yr, RM 44k /ahu Cumulative Energy Reduction: 27.3% C VAV Off coil temp: 14 C Off coil temp: 16 C Lift Lobby: 26.5 C BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 11k RM/year % : 0.8% LT: 5 yr, RM 1,600/ahu for VAV Cumulative Energy Reduction: 28.2% 13

14 C21. Chiller Efficiency Screw chiller, COP 4.88 Centrifugal Chiller, COP 6.3 BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 74k RM/year % : 5.6% LT: 15 yr, 2 chillers, RM 556k /chiller Cumulative Energy Reduction: 33.8% C22. VSD Chiller COP 6.3 BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 24k RM/year % : 1.8% LT: 15 yr, 2 chillers, RM 178k /chiller Cumulative Energy Reduction: 35.6% 14

15 C Condenser Flow Rate Optimisation 3.0 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 2.0 gpm/ton Condenser gpm/ton Options l/s head m kw 3 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 2 gpm/ton BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 22k RM/year % : 1.7% LT: 8 yr, 2 pumps, RM 90k /pump Cumulative Energy Reduction: 37.3% C Variable Chilled Water Flow Primary/Secondary Flow No savings! Variable Primary Flow Power (kw) :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Date: Tue 17/Jan BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 1 k RM/year % : 0.1% ApHVAC distr pumps energy: (c26_pri_var.aps) ApHVAC distr pumps energy: (c25_pr_scd_flw.aps) ApHVAC distr pumps energy: (c24_cond_flow_rd2gpm.aps) LT: 8 yr, 2 pumps, RM 4,000/pump Cumulative Energy Reduction: 37.3% 15

16 C Pump Efficiency Measured Pump Total Eff. 40% Motor Eff. assumed 80% Pump Eff. = 50% Pump Improved to 85% Motor Efficiency to 90% Minimum straight length of 5~6 times of pipe diameter before suction inlet is required for maximum efficiency. BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 10.5k RM/year LT: 8 yr, 4 pumps, RM 21k / pump % : 0.8% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 38.1% C Cooling Tower Efficiency Efficient Fan VSD, 30.5 C VSD, 29.5 C VSD, 28.5 C VSD, 27.5 C VSD, 26.5 C No VSD, Oversized BEI: 98.6 kwh/m 2 /year 12.7k RM/year LT: 8 yr, 2 towers, RM 51k /tower % : 1.0% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 39.1% 16

17 C Task Light, 200 lux general lighting 19 W Task Light 11 W Task Light 5 W Task Light 80% Task Light Assumed on. RM RM Budget Available 19W 11W 5W RM Budget BEI: 90.8 kwh/m 2 /year 64k RM/year % : 4.8% LT: 5 yr, 1000 ppl, RM 320/task lgt Cumulative Energy Reduction: 43.9% C40. Daylight Sensor in Toilets 34 toilets BEI: 90.6 kwh/m 2 /year 1.2k RM/year LT: 5 yr, RM 172/toilet % : 0.1% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 44.0% 17

18 C41. Exfiltration 0.1 ach, wt Heat Recovery Wheel Toilet Ex.Air ~ 0.1 ach. F.Air ~ 0.7 ach BEI: 88.1 kwh/m 2 /year 20k RM/year % : 1.5% Exfiltration ~ 0.6 ach LT: 10 yr, 2 FA ducts, RM 102k/duct Cumulative Energy Reduction: 45.6% C42. Change Glazing to Clear SC 0.95 from 0.43 No Daylight Sensor BEI: 89.3 kwh/m 2 /year 9k RM/year % : 0.7% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 44.9% 18

19 C Daylight Harvesting 3.5 m depth 4.5 m depth BEI: 84.6kWh/m 2 /year 38k RM/year % : 2.9% LT: 10 yr, RM 114/glz m2 Cumulative Energy Reduction: 47.7% C45. Glazing Films BEI: 83.7 kwh/m 2 /year 8k RM/year % : 0.6% LT: 10 yr, RM 32/glz m2 Cumulative Energy Reduction: 48.3% 19

20 C46. Double Glazing High Performance BEI: 82.7 kwh/m 2 /year 8k RM/year % : 0.6% LT: 10 yr, RM 64/glz m2 Cumulative Energy Reduction: 48.9% C Roof Insulations Cases Thickness U Value (W/m²K) % Savings from Previous step 47 50mm % mm % mm % BEI: 82.3 kwh/m 2 /year 5.1k RM/year LT: 10 yr, RM 32/roof m2 % : 0.4% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 49.1% 20

21 C50. Increase Air Temperature Temperature Setpoint: 24.5 deg Temperature ( C) :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Date: Tue 17/Jan Temperature ( C) :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Date: Tue 17/Jan Air temperature: OFFICE1_F05 (c50_otemp25.aps) Air temperature: OFFICE1_F05 (c49_rf_in150.aps) Air temperature: OFFICE1_F05 (c14_tsetpt_higher.aps) Dry resultant temperature: OFFICE1_F05 (c50_otemp25.aps) Dry resultant temperature: OFFICE1_F05 (c49_rf_in150.aps) Dry resultant temperature: OFFICE1_F05 (c14_tsetpt_higher.aps) BEI: 81.1 kwh/m 2 /year 10k RM/year % : 0.8% Operative Temperatures Cumulative Energy Reduction: 49.9% C Resize HVAC system BEI: 80.7 kwh/m 2 /year 3.3k RM/year % : 0.3% Chiller Cost ~ RM 3,500/ton 600 ton savings = 2.1 mil Saved/chiller! RM 4.2 million saved for 2 chillers! Cumulative Energy Reduction: 50.1% 21

22 C53. Small Power = Base Case (As Is) 4.1 W/m2 peak load 10% up to 25% night load GBI s BEI: 42 kwh/m 2 /year Excluding Data Center BEI: 84.6 kwh/m 2 /year 30k RM/year % : 2.3% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 47.8% C54. Small Power at 12 W/m2 12 W/m2 peak load 25% night load BEI: kwh/m 2 /year 267k RM/year % : 20.2% Cumulative Energy Reduction: 27.6% 22

23 C55. Energy Efficient Server Room 25% Energy Reduction Server Virtualisation BEI: 107.3kWh/m 2 /year 81k RM/year % : 6.1% LT: 3 yr, RM 242k/data center Cumulative Energy Reduction: 33.7% C56. Energy Efficient Server Room 50% Energy Reduction Hot/Cold Rack Many other technologies BEI: 97.4 kwh/m 2 /year 81k RM/year % : 6.1% LT: 3 yr, RM 242k/data center Cumulative Energy Reduction: 39.8% 23

24 Summary of Results Data Center Descriptions Base Case 51 % Reduction Chilled Water Production System 1,188, , % Air Handling Units 512,909 35, % Lighting and Small Power 1,051, , % Vertical Transport 107,610 92, % Others (Essential Supply) 922, , % Total 3,782,486 1,882, % Summary > 60% Savings on this Page Alone 24

25 Summary Potential Energy Reduction: 50% Savings per year: RM 664,000 /year RM 2.30 /m2/month Accumulated Life Time Budget Available: RM 6.5 million How much to refurbish a 24,000 m2 building? 24,000 m2 x 2,500 RM/m2 = 60 million (new buiding) 6.5 mil = 11% of typical new building cost. Items that is likely not be implemented due to poor return on investment. VAV system. Variable Chill Water Flow. Variable Fan Speed on Cooling Tower. Light shelves for better daylight harvesting. Double Glazing. Air Foil Fan for AHU. However, RM 4.2 million is saved due to a smaller chiller capacity after the building is optimized for energy efficiency. 25

26 Thank you! 26