MEETING THE ANTI POVERTY TARGET energy efficiencies strategies and Smart Energy Systems

Transcription

1 MEETING THE ANTI POVERTY TARGET energy efficiencies strategies and Smart Energy Systems

2 1. Energy efficiency (EE)/Overview - Energy efficiency: a pillar of Energy Union (security, european market, decarbonization of economy) - (H&C) sector constitutes 50% of EU end energy uses: 80% in building sector (40% of end uses and 36% of CO2 emissions) - In EU 45% of H&C energy uses is domestic, 37% industry, 18% services - H&C is 75% up to fossil fuels - P8_TA(2016) says that EU Directive EE (2012) e Buildings (2010) do not find complete execution and EE could be a mandatory target in 2030 (-40%) - Long term execution of EE may give priority to building sector (modification of art 4 e art 7) 1

3 2. Long-term EE Financing 2 Europe: Horizon 2020 gives 2,5 billions for EE (vs 1,8 for FER) Strategic Investiment European Fund (FEIS) gives 300 billions for EE. Italy has billions throught Istituto Nazionale di Promozione e Sviluppo (Cassa Depositi e Prestiti) which gives investment for 160 billions in period, for: Network realization Strategic infrastracture nodes Building retrofitting.

4 3. Long-term strategies: match the Target ( ) - A roadmap for a decreasing of consumptions (50% at 2050) - Electrification as sustainability tool with RES and DEG (50% at 2050) - Final DEG implementation of program (in : +100%) - Final RES implementation and accompanying measures ( ) : 2030 (65% FER), 2050 (100%) - Supporting to storage evolution (included small size 10 kwh 100 kwh for domestic sector) - energy network vs information technology (VPP Virtual Power Plant, Energy Cloud, IoT) 3

5 Pathways of Deep De-carbonization in Italy, ENEA-ENI 2015

6 Pathways of Deep De-carbonization in Italy, ENEA-ENI 2015

7 4. Tools for Actions in Europe ( ) energy consumptions reduction in building sector twofold in ( ) as referenced in ( ) supporting BAT heat pumps, micro-chp, teledistrict H&C, storages, RES in cooling systems energy audit, consumptions accountability, users activity EGE, REDE, ESCo certified the importance of Smart Energy Systems to implement energy security programs 6

8 What is a Smart Energy Systems (SES) 7

9 The experience of Sapienza University of Rome towards Smart Energy Systems: the on-demand energy lab Renewable electrofuels both for energy and trasportation Power-to-gas H2 for transport and building sectors, hydrogen injected into the natural gas grid or hydrogen with CO2 and convert to bio-methane (Sabatier), or using the output gas of a wood gas generator or a biogas plant, and mixed with the hydrogen to upgrade the quality of the biogas. Grid and storages options. By combining the electricity, thermal and transport sectors, the grids and the storages in these sectors can improve the energy system flexibility and compensate for the lack of flexibility from RES Short and long term storage options in an effective penetration of renewables energy systems 8

10 Sapienza micro-grid lab PO D National GRID Grid Interface 5 kw Plug in car Electrolyser 1 Nm 3 /h 5 kw el. H 2 Pure H 2 Fuel cell Mix er H 2 NG H 2 NG 30 kw DC/AC Converter 20 kw PVT Array 5 kw 5 kw ICE CHP Internal Combustion Engine 70 kw 36 kw GMT Gas Micro Turbine 15 kw Hot Water HVA C Adsorption Chiller 17 kw Chilled Water Heat Exchanger Catalytic H2 Boiler 5 kw Micro Smart Grid Heating System Cooling System Chilled Water Hot Water Building B NG Batteries 5 kwh National Pipeline H 2

11 Hydrogen-driven Gas Heat Pump Desorption Absorption Burner modifications and substitution Sapienza Università di Roma CITERA - DIAEE Schematic representation of catalytic burner Flameless combustion Low temperature combustion No nitrogen oxides No backfiring issues 10

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13 Smart Energy Systems for a de-carbonization transition The energy system layout A composed of PV and two-stage Electric Heat Pump (EHP)

14 Smart Energy Systems for a de-carbonization transition The energy system layout B composed of Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector and Gas Heat Pump fuelled with H2NG

15 Smart Energy Systems for a de-carbonization transition The energy system layout C composed of CHP fuelled with H2NG and two-stage EHP

16 Calculation parameters for Energy Systems options A B C η GRID = 0.42 PTHR = COP EHP =2.5 COP GHP =1.45 COP EHP =2.5 η el,pv = 0.12 η el,pv/t = 0.14 η el,chp = 0.33 η h,pv/t = 0.36 η h,chp = 0.5 f H2 =30% vol. ES H2 =0.115 f H2 =30% vol. ES H2 =0.115

17 Normalised Primary Energy Consumption vs. End-user PTHR with changes in plant layout

18 End-user PTHR vs. RES fraction with changes in plant layout

19 18 End user progressive involvement

20 19 The role of the aggregator of energy

21 5. Social targets/1 EU Parlament resolution focused on end-user centrality The increase of fuel poverty and its contrast with EE Costs increase for energy access because: Raw material costs; Climate change policies costs; Incentives for RES and EE: often at the expense of the end user vs fossil fuel state contribution 20

22 Social targets/2 100 Millions people in EU in energy poverty condition, enable to get energy servces and goods at a minumum level: Need of suitable tools of poverty contrast: EU Directive on EE forces Member States programs about access and security of energy sources and against the social disparity; Investment in EE and FER in the frame of SIE (structural investments) funding starting from ( ); Each State Member must give 20 % FSE resource(europe Social Fund) to EE program for social inclusion; Improve long term investment at high socio-economic returns. 21

23 Social targets/3 An Observatory on fuel poverty: Measuring and monitoring as reference of time; Updated knowledge about energy consumptions of families; Definition of reliable socio-economic indicator. at National and International level 22

24 Conclusion hybrid systems in building sector ad Smart Energy Systems for an effective transition towards decarbonization the involvement of individuals the position of HVAC Associations for EE strategies: innovative solutions for EE legislation and normative industry sector engineers updating contacts with Institutions academic & research moving towards a social role including promotion of effective EE strategies based on new energy model, new energy finance, inclusion of individuals 23

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