Ground-based Measurements at the WMO SDS-WAS Rural Regional Background Monitoring Station of Monte Martano (Central Italy)

Transcription

1 Ground-based Measurements at the WMO SDS-WAS Rural Regional Background Monitoring Station of Monte Martano (Central Italy) B. Moroni b,c, S. Castellini a,b, S. Crocchianti a, F. Scardazza c, M. Angelucci d, M.Pompei d, M. Vecchiocattivi d and D. Cappelletti a,b, * a Università di Perugia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Perugia, Italy b Università di Perugia, Centro di Eccellenza SMAArt, Perugia, Italy c Università di Perugia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Perugia, Italy d ARPA Umbria, Perugia, Italy contact: david.cappelletti@unipg.it 7 th International Workshop on Sand/Duststorms and Associated Dustfall 2-4 December 2013, Frascati (Rome), Italy 1

2 some motivations long term measurements intercomparison with models air quality policy talk outline site and measurements description chemistry, models, events, related projects

3 project partners Università di Perugia ARPA Umbria (Regional Agency for Protection of the Environment) collaborations Univ. Firenze (F. Lucarelli, S. Nava, G. Calzolai) PIXE analysis SDS-WAS (E. Terradellas, F. Benincasa) modeling ISAC-CNR (GP Gobbi, F. Barnaba) DIAPASON (Life EU prj.)

4 site location Monte Martano (1100 s.l.m.) 42 48' 19" N; 12 33' 55" E 4

5 Monte Martano (1074 m. asl) Year average -above the timberline (forest of conifers up to 900 m) -completely free horizon (360) -closest small village approx. 10 km (500 m below) prevailing winds 5

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7 instrumental setup (2009) SWAM 5a Dual Channel Monitor, FAI Instruments 7

8 instrumental setup (2013) - O 3, NOx - Meteo - SWAM 5a Dual Channel Monitor (PM10, PM25) - OPC (connected with the S5aDC monitor, FAI inst. technology) - HVS (7 stage impactor) - GSM connection (every 4h) intensive campaign (during saharan dust episodes): - LVS on PC filter for SEM, also in Terni and Roma (DIAPASON) - HVS (PM10) for biological test (DNA sequencing) learning alrghorithm accurate hourly PM10 & PM25 8

9 intercomparison D P >0.28 mm

10 PMetro project ( Cabin version Optical unit (CLIMET) Diode laser: nm Wide angle eliptical mirror 22 size channels ( mm) 8 calibrated thresholds: 0.28, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 Max. time resolution: 4 Hz inlet Data integrated for 6 s Flux: 1 L/min the integrated OPC PM 10 dilution Airborne version system (aerosol vertical profiles with tethered ballon) weight: ~1.0 kg pow.req. 10 W optical module + PC S. Castellini et al., Measurements, in press (2013)

11 PM records PM PM R 25/ PM PM R 25/ PM PM R 25/ PM PM R 25/ PM PM R 25/ PM *PM data in mg m -3 see also M. Cusack et al., ACP, 12, 8341 (2012) 11

12 PM 10 seasonal trend * average

13 80 70 PM 10 and PM PM 10 -PM /02/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/ /12/2009 PM 25 /PM

14 the 3-4 Feb 2009 episode PM mg m -3 (14.7) PM mg m -3 (11) 3 Feb 14

15 Perugia outdoor: a sharp size distribution 15

16 indoor penetration of Saharan dust (as recorded at University of Perugia) PM M. Martano PG arpa: UNIPG out: UNIPG indoor: D p > 1 mm 29gen 1feb 4feb DATE 16

17 indoor: dust particle resuspension wed holiday thu fri sat weekend sun mon tue wed 17

18 urban transect position (m) PMetro experiment: dust particle resuspension FINE AEROSOL fine (D P <1.1 mm) COARSE AEROSOL coarse (D P >1.1 mm) time (h) TRAFFIC time FLUX (h) 22 Oct 2012 (mon) 18

19 long range intrusions: NE PM 10 average 14.6 mg m -3 STD 9.1 mg m -3 PM 2.5 /PM 10 0,79 Est Europe (10 d) mean 29.1 mg m -3 (5) PM 2.5 /PM 10 0,83 (0.05) Sept Sept 19

20 impact of NE long range transport

21 aerosol chemistry at the MM site (2009) B. Moroni et al., Atmospheric Environment 50 (2012) HVS (multistage impactor) winter and summer campaigns (4d) Metals (ICP-AES); major ions (IC); PAH (GC-MS) SO 4 = LVS (PM10; PM25) quartz filters - daily NO - Metals (ICP-AES); major 3 ions (IC); OC/EC; LVS (PM10) PC filters winter and summer campaigns (3h) SEM-EDS OC ~ 18% (PM10) - 26 % (PM25) constant EC ~ 1.3 % - 2% constant (NO3-SO4=NH4+) 55% (43) winter 38 (31) % summer At Terni (170 m asl) (NO3-SO4=NH4+) 10% winter 28% summer 21

22 tethered balloon experiment ( ) 1100 m asl M.Martano SO 4 = 600 m asl NO 3 - Terni L. Ferrero, D. Cappelletti, B. Moroni et al. Atmospheric Environment 56 (2012) m asl 22

23 chemistry inside and above the Mixing Layer Carbonate SO 4 = NO 3 - Clay mineral NO3-+SO4=+NH4+ = 57 % Gypsum & sulphate NO3-+SO4=+NH4+ = 40 % Carbon soot Wed 4 Dec. 15:15 TALK of Beatrice Moroni 23

24 estimates of the impact of Saharan dust (2009) n. Saharan days 12 monti Martani PM 10 = 24 ± 13 µg/m 3 Umbria average (urban) PM 10 = 20 ± 16 µg/m 3 Roma 2001 (Gobbi et al. 2007) PM 10 = µg/m 3 South. Spain (Rodriguez et al.2001) PM 10 = µg/m 3 annual average PM 10 ~ 1 µg/m 24

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27 modeling: chimere (2013)

28 some statistic (1/6/13 15/7/13) contact Stefano Crocchianti (in the audience) for details

29 % Fe PM25 PM10 24 Apr - 6 May 2013 episode Terni Perugia M.Martano Terni Perugia M.Martano PIXE (Firenze)

30 24 Apr - 6 May 2013 episode

31 particle size, mm

32 conclusions & future work - maintain the site operative as long as possible - complete the aerosol chemistry records (2013, 2012, ) - source apportionment (PMF, PSCF, ) during dust events: - M.Martano vs urban sites (Terni, Roma) - characterization of airborne bacterial communities - improvement of CHIMERE (higher resolution, vertical profiles, PBL parameterization, ) - Integration of measurements..(depending on fundings and collaborations)