The calculation of HP contribution to renewable energy use in EU energy statistics Thomas Nowak, EHPA

Transcription

1 The calculation of HP contribution to renewable energy use in EU energy statistics Thomas Nowak, EHPA IEE/08/776/SI

2 Target: to determine the share of renewable sources from ambient energy used by a heat pump Not: to determine efficiency to give an estimate of heating cost Page 2

3 Picking the right system boundaries for SPF SPF H1 Page 3

4 Energy flow in a heat Pump system GHG Emissions Primary RES Share Primary Energy At the dwelling location Transformation Electric energy generation Transformation Useable Energy Transport Final Energy Ton/Year (7) (6) (4), (5) (3) (2) (1) (4) (5) RES in Primary energy RES in final energy = Final energy savings Heat Demand 50% 10 GHG savings 5 0 (8) Year 2000 (9) Year % PE =2,3 PE =2,02 (5) Exhaustible Primary Energy η! Power Plant average efficiency 2009: 43,8% Electricity Heat from the Air, Water or Ground Electricity Heat Pump System - SPF= 3,3 Domestic Hot Water Heating Space Heating Page 4

5 Simplified! E RES = Q usable (1-1/SPF) RES in final energy = Final energy savings Q usable SPF= Q usable (from HP) E aux E aux El bu, pumps, fans SPF = Performance of a heat pump (system) over 1 year Page 5

6 Available approaches? Measure all! Calculate! Page 6

7 Data required Precise calculation Number of buildings in a category Nominal heat capacity (P rated ) Year of installation (heating system) Energy source used (type of heat pump) Fixed / variable speed compressor Heat distribution system Monovalent/bivalent system; bivalence point Hot water production (yes/no) Heating / cooling mode (yes/no) Climate data simplification for executability Useful energy to be provided by the heat pump Capacity Operating hours Average annual efficiency Per energy source/ application Per climate zone Page 7

8 E RES = Q usable (1-1/SPF) Q usable = Capacity installed * avg. op. hours Data from industry statistics, P rated (capacity of refrigerant cycle) Industry design guides For air: include only operating hours above -2 C to 15 C (!!" '!!" &!!"!"#$%&'!(& %!!" $!!" -"." /" #!!"!" )$$")$#")$!")#*")#+")#,")#(")#'")#&")#%")#$")##")#!" )*" )+" )," )(" )'" )&" )%" )$" )#"!" #" $" %" &" '" ("," +" *" #!" ##" #$" #%" #&" #'" "#)*""$&)+,-+$.)#$+&'/0(& Page 8

9 Q usable = capacity installed (kw) H HE (h) Statistics provide per energy source and country: Number of heat pumps installed Capacity installed Capacity for heating mode Hours for heating mode, climate Page 9

10 E RES = Q usable (1-1/SPF) measured + very accurate - Specific - Cost Page 10

11 E RES = Q usable (1-1/SPF) SPF calculated = SCOP net EN EN EN EN For EN SCOPnet > SCOPon > SCOP Mono-valent HP bi-valent HP bi-valent HP + losses SCOPnet = best data on RES contribution Page 11

12 SCOP net derived from COP SCOPnet / COP 6,00 5,00 SCOPnet 4,00 3,00 B_W W_W DX A_W A_W biv -7 A_W biv 2 2,00 1,00 Source: AIT 0,00 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 COP Page 12

13 In a nutshell: data requirements for a simplified approach E RES = Q usable (1-1/SPF) Q usable = capacity installed (kw) H HE (h) Type of data 1. capacity installed expressed in kw per technology split by energy source (air/water/ground) and sink (air/water) 2. Average seasonal performance factors (SPF) per technology split by energy source source Heat pump Industry, on a country level Calculated based on test data, based on standards 3. average operating hours (H HE ) per climate Based on climate data zone in monovalent mode 4. SPF = SCOP net third party measurement data per climate zone EN 14511; EN 14825; EN Page 13

14 Q usable = capacity installed, P rated (kw) average operating hours; H HE (h) building load is proportional to the outdoor temperature and hours at that temperature Modification of operating hours allows for Counting heating operation only incorporationg differences in climate zones (C A W) Warm: GR, PT, CY, MT, ES, IT Average: BE, IE, NL, UK, FR, AT, DK, DE, LU, CZ, HU, PL, SL, SK, LI Cold: FI, SE, EE, LV Page 14

15 Q usable = capacity installed, P rated (kw) average operating hours; H HE (h) Warm Energy source: Technology H HE SPF (SCOP on ) Aerothermal Air-Air 1400* 3 Air-Water 1400* 3 Air-Air reversible 700*** 3 Exhaust Air-Air 1450** 3 Exhaust Air-Water 1450** 3 Geothermal Ground-Air 1400* 3.2 Ground-Water 1400* 3.9 Hydrothermal Water-Water 1400* 4.3 H HE Average SPF (SCOP net ) H HE Cold 700*** * * * 3 700*** *** ** 3 800** ** 3 800** * * * * * * 4.3 SPF (SCOP net ) * EN ** suggestion NIBE *** suggestion statistics NL Page 15

16 Summary of procedure Capacity installed SCOP net per energy source/application 6,00 5,00 SCOPnet 4,00 3,00 B_W W_W DX A_W A_W biv -7 A_W biv 2 2,00 1,00 averages 0,00 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 Warm Energy source: Technology HHE SPF (SCOPon) Aerothermal Air-Air 1400* 3 Air-Water 1400* 3 Air-Air reversible 700*** 3 Exhaust Air-Air 1450** 3 H HE per climatezone Exhaust Air-Water 1450** 3 Ground-Air 1400* 3.2 Geothermal Ground-Water 1400* 3.9 Hydrothermal Water-Water 1400* 4.3 E RES =Q usable (1-1/SPF) Page 16

17 Calculation example Netherlands RES contribution for all HP installed in 2011 Page 17

18 Next steps Finalise discussion with Member States Establish set of accepted values for P rated, SCOP net, H HE Implement procedure in Member States and in Eurostat Heat pump industry is ready to provide necessary information! Page 18

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