Lecture 7: Anaerobic digestion of energy crops: European case studies - Italy -

Transcription

1 Lecture 7: Anaerobic digestion of energy crops: European case studies - Italy - David Bolzonella Jyvaskyla Summer School

2 Source Biogas Barometer Eurobserv er Dec 2012 Jyvaskyla Summer School

3 AD plants (N); installed power (MW ee) The Italian scenario in the agricultural context AD farm plants n Installed power MW ee Jyvaskyla Summer School

4 AD plants (N); installed power (MW ee) The Italian scenario in the agricultural context AD farm plants n Installed power MW ee % 280 euro/mwh) Jyvaskyla Summer School

5 First driver: nitrates reduction Jyvaskyla Summer School

6 Admitted N load 170 kg/ha year Jyvaskyla Summer School

7 Because of this situation the Italian Government decided to support the production of biogas in farm plants with an installed power up to 1 MW and feeding material coming from a distance lower than 30 km with a subside of 0.28 per kwh for 15 years The basic idea for this was to use the revenues for nitrogen management (removal and/or recovery) Jyvaskyla Summer School

8 Because of this situation the Italian Government decided to support the production of biogas in farm plants with an installed power < 1 MW feeding material coming from an area less than 30 km with a subside of 0.28 per kwh for 15 years The basic idea for this was to use the revenues for nitrogen management (removal and/or recovery) kwh Jyvaskyla Summer School

9 Because of this situation the Italian Government decided to support the production of biogas in farm plants with an installed power < 1 MW feeding material coming from an area less than 30 km with a subside of 0.28 per kwh for 15 years The basic idea for this was to use the revenues for nitrogen management (removal and/or recovery) kwh Jyvaskyla Summer School

10 Because of this situation the Italian Government decided to support the production of biogas in farm plants with an installed power < 1 MW feeding material coming from an area less than 30 km with a subside of 0.28 per kwh for 15 years The basic idea for this was to use the revenues for nitrogen management (removal and/or recovery) kwh NH 3 Jyvaskyla Summer School

11 Because of this situation the Italian Government decided to support the production of biogas in farm plants with an installed power < 1 MW feeding material coming from an area less than 30 km with a subside of 0.28 per kwh for 15 years The basic idea for this was to use the revenues for nitrogen management (removal and/or recovery) kwh NH 3 Jyvaskyla Summer School

12 The second driver is clearly the necessity for renewable energy Wholesale prize (as function of the energy mix) Jyvaskyla Summer School

13 The second driver is clearly the necessity for renewable energy Wholesale prize (as function of the energy mix) Jyvaskyla Summer School

14 Fixing flat tariff at 280 euros per MWh Credits: Michael Chesshire Jyvaskyla Summer School

15 Fixing flat tariff at 280 euros per MWh Credits: Michael Chesshire Jyvaskyla Summer School

16 BMP, m 3 CH4/kgVS How to produce 1 MWh ee (12,000 m 3 biogas per day)? Biogas potential for different substrates 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Jyvaskyla Summer School

17 BMP, m 3 CH4/kgVS How to produce 1 MWh (12,000 m 3 biogas per day)? Biogas potential for different substrates 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Jyvaskyla Summer School

18 The role of energy crops Feedstock in AD farm plants 20% 18% Livestock effluents 5% Livestock effluents + energy crops 12% 45% Livestock effluents + energy crops + agro-waste Livestock effluents + agrowaste Energy crops + agro-waste Jyvaskyla Summer School

19 The role of energy crops Feedstock in AD farm plants 20% 18% Livestock effluents 5% Livestock effluents + energy crops 12% 45% Livestock effluents + energy crops + agro-waste Livestock effluents + agrowaste Energy crops + agro-waste 80% of farm AD plants use energy crops in the feedstock Jyvaskyla Summer School

20 The role of energy crops Power production in farm AD plants 23% 3% 38% Livestock effluents Livestock effluents + energy crops Livestock effluents + energy crops + agro-waste Livestock effluents + agrowaste 24% Energy crops + agro-waste 12% Jyvaskyla Summer School

21 The role of energy crops Power production in farm AD plants 23% 3% 38% Livestock effluents Livestock effluents + energy crops Livestock effluents + energy crops + agro-waste Livestock effluents + agrowaste 24% Energy crops + agro-waste 12% 70% of produced power is orginated from AD plants using energy crops in the feedstock Jyvaskyla Summer School

22 Maize Sorghum Typical energy crops (EC) grown in the Po valley Triticale Jyvaskyla Summer School

23 Figures for the Italian scenario for maize silage Yield up to tons/ha Cost of some Euros per tonne However, the massive demand for these substrates determined an increase in costs (>60 euros/tonne in 2013) and upset the original business plan. Therefore, agro-waste are now particularly requested. Jyvaskyla Summer School

24 Other substrates (agro-waste from food crops processing) can be used for the purpose of renewable energy production Sweet corn Beans Peas Tomato peel Jyvaskyla Summer School

25 Salad Potatoes Onions Fruit marc Jyvaskyla Summer School

26 Seasonal, but covering the whole year (in the Mediterranean Region) Tomatoes Peas, beans, maize Apples, pears Apricots,peaches Fruit marc Vinasses Livestock effluents Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Please, note that this means different stock areas and tanks in the plant + different loading systems Jyvaskyla Summer School

27 With similar characteristics and biogas potential of Energy Crops (EC) Parameters Total Total volatile TVS/TS COD N P solids (TS) solids (TVS) Substrates g/kg g/kg % g/kg dm mg/kg dm mg/kg dm Dairy manure (solid) Dairy manure (liquid) Piggery Poultry (litter) Duck (liquid) Rabbit manure Maize silage Triticale silage Fruit marc Potatoes Onions Vegetables (e.g., lettuce) Jyvaskyla Summer School

28 With similar characteristics and biogas potential of Energy Crops (EC) Parameters Total Total volatile TVS/TS COD N P solids (TS) solids (TVS) Substrates g/kg g/kg % g/kg dm mg/kg dm mg/kg dm Dairy manure (solid) Dairy manure (liquid) Piggery Poultry (litter) Duck (liquid) Rabbit manure Maize silage Triticale silage Fruit marc Potatoes Onions Vegetables (e.g., lettuce) Jyvaskyla Summer School

29 BMP, m 3 CH4/kgVS How to produce 1 MWh (12,000 m 3 biogas per day)? Biogas potential for different substrates 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Jyvaskyla Summer School

30 Future perspective The decree of July 6th 2012 changed the scenario and improved the help for small farm AD plants: livestock effluents are the main feedstock! Power (kw e ) Years Tariff ( /MWh) Efficient energy prod ( /MWh) Nitrogen recovery or removal ( /MWh) 1<P <P <P Jyvaskyla Summer School