INTEGRATE ASG, 11 May /16/2016. Harry Lankreijer Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science (INES) ICOS mission

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1 ICOS: Open data to open our eyes to climate change Harry Lankreijer Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science (INES) ICOS mission To collect high-quality observational data relevant to the greenhouse gas budget of Europe To make the ICOS data freely available to all interested parties To promote the use of the ICOS data for further scientific study To produce a basic group of derived products (elaborated data) 2 Harry Lankreijer, INES 1

2 10 +1 member countries Structure: Head office 4 Central Facilities: Thematic centres: OTC, ATC, ETC Calibration Lab Carbon Portal National networks Monitoring Station assembly General assembly ICOS: ri.eu/ Carbon Portal: cp.eu/ 3 ICOS station network ICOS RI has ca 120 measurement stations in European countries (11 participating countries). At the stations measures greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and fluxes over the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The ICOS stations are run and funded by the national funding agencies, institutes and universities. 4 Harry Lankreijer, INES 2

3 The more complete ICOS network Long term and high quality observations of greenhouse gases. From community and project funding based towards a robust and coordinated long term network 5 ICOS Central Facilities and their (heterogeneous) data streams Atmosphere (ATC) High precision and accuracy atmospheric concentrations Calibrated at WMO certified mole fraction scales CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O, isotopes and associated tracers (CO, 222 Rn) Ocean (OTC) pco 2 observations from oceans and seas Ecosystems (ETC) Ecosystem flux observations for CO 2 (,CH 4, N 2 O) Analysis of soil and vegetation samples Calibration Lab (CAL) Provision of working standards, QA Flask sample analysis 14 C analysis 6 Harry Lankreijer, INES 3

4 Tower instrumentation Combined ecosystem & atmospheric sites Additional data : Leaf area index Biomass increment Litterfall Soil chemistry Other meteorological... T air, CO 2, H 2 O profile T soil, WC soil profile Sonic u,v,w + state variables radiation components fluxes (CO 2, H 2 O, tau) CO 2, H 2 O, CH 4, CO conc. x4 Three of the Swedish ICOS sites: Norunda (Uppland), Degerö (Västerbotten), Hyltemossa (Skåne) sweden.se 8 Harry Lankreijer, INES 4

5 Basic ICOS data flow User 1 User 2 User 3 External modelling groups Archives (data, metadata) Modeling & synthesis module ICOS Carbon Portal Data administration module Ecosystem Thematic Centre Atmospheric Thematic Centre Oceanic Thematic Centre Measurement stations (National networks) 9 ICOS Data Level 0 raw sensor output (either mv or physical units) Level 1/NRT calibrated and automatically assured data Level 2 final observation data products Level 3 elaborated data products, ICOS data 10 Harry Lankreijer, INES 5

6 Climate change data: Why greenhouse gas observation data is vital We have only Earth v1.0 GHG concentrations are main driver of Climate Change GHG fluxes drive the concentrations We cannot go back and measure in the past! Outcome of our GHG Earth experiment is uncertain Changes at unprecedented time scale Many feedbacks possible Thus far ~50% of CO 2 has been removed from atmosphere, future? Climate changes induces emission changes Climate models show large variability Emission reductions need to be verified by observations Emission reductions need adaptation to evolving climate dynamics Global, regional and local data of high quality now, long term! Harry Lankreijer, INES 6

7 ICOS Data Products Quality controlled observational data Greenhouse gas concentrations CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O Other trace gases & isotopes (CO, 14 C, ) Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes Meteorological parameters Ecosystem variables Elaborated (model) products Advanced visualizations Flux maps in time & space (inverse modelling) Other model output (ecosystem, vegetation, ) Syntheses reports Material for policy makers Regional GHG statistics Educational and outreach materials 13 Atmospheric observations Greenhouse gas flux estimates based on inverse modelling Inversion Optimized flux estimates Meteorological driver fields Transport model + Prior fluxes Optimization + uncertainty estimates + optimized 3-d concentrations 14 Harry Lankreijer, INES 7

8 great tool for diagnosing C fluxes N. Hemisphere Tropics S. Hemisphere GtC/yr / / /- 0.3 LSCE_v2.1_peylin LSCE_v3.0_chevallier JENA_s96v3.1_rodenbeck CTracker_US CTracker_EU_wouter TRANSCOM 3_mean PSU_butler C13_Match_rayner C13_CCAM_law N. America Europe N. Asia / / /- 0.5 GtC/yr Peylin et al., Bottom up modelling & Observations Large uncertainty from land to predict C balance (GCP) Available Observations Land CO 2 sink, PgC yr 1 Le Quéré et al Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System = ecophysiological constraints from forward modelling + observational constraints from inverse modelling 16 Harry Lankreijer, INES 8

9 Footprint for the station Heidelberg and simulated CO 2 time series for this station for June 2011 Footprint for Heidelberg CO 2 concentration components for Heidelberg total CO 2 concentration anthropogenic CO 2 biospheric CO 2 global background CO 2 Ute Karstens, CP Carbon Portal principles Interoperability Internal across themes (air, ecosystem, ocean) Other (EU) infrastructures Global domain Curation Provenance Transparency Open data Web standards Involvement of and interaction with users 18 Harry Lankreijer, INES 9

10 ICOS Data Policy Open and free of charge access to ICOS data products License: Creative Commons 4.0 BY Attribution required, ICOS requests: Good scientific practice of use Citation needed, ICOS provides suggestion Acknowledgement or co authorship when reasonable Redistribution is allowed but not necessary: ICOS provides free, easy and most up to date access to all data! No need for own storage, ICOS provides! Users are encouraged to contribute their products and distribute through ICOS CP through CC 4 BY 19 Carbon Portal up front A website offering users Search for data Quick view of datasets Download of data Visualization tools (spatial & temporal) Statistics tools Synthesis reports Educational materials Usage summaries Community platform for elaborated products 20 Harry Lankreijer, INES 10

11 International standards: To have data and make them - Usable, also on the long-term -Exchangeable -Citable Have to follow international standards and use open software Eg. on - Metadata; INSPIRE/ISO19115/DataCite - Data object identification (PID/DOI) Following standards for Data search, visualization and download 21 CP behind the scenes Single Sign On Authentication (AAI) Automated data storage (archive) Digital PID minting (EPIC, doi) Data object tracking database Data product citation index Data services for modellers Computer-to-computer data exchange 22 Harry Lankreijer, INES 11

12 CP behind the scenes (2) Collaboration with other infrastructures & disciplines Describing data flow using reference models Developing semantic web ontologies for metadata, including a data type registry Data Seal of Approval-status for the CP data repository 23 ICOS and the European RI landscape EUDAT Computing Centres and Research Infrastructures Deployment and development of services Uptake plans for communities like ICOS ENVRIplus coordinated by ICOS 12 Research Infrastructures in Environment Working on common integrated solutions Themes: Technical Innovation Data for Science Access to RI s Societal Relevance and Understanding Knowledge Transfer Communication and Dissemination Nordic ENVRI: envri.fi/ 24 Harry Lankreijer, INES 12

13 Research Data Alliance (RDA) a worldwide initiative to improve data sharing and re-use RDA has a high number of working groups on a wide range of data questions regarding long term use /sustainable data: - Metadata standards - Data Type Registries - Data Citation - Etc 25 ICOS and EUDAT common services 26 Harry Lankreijer, INES 13

14 Thank You! Links Carbon Portal code Carbon Portal Thredds WMS client cp.eu/ Data view example cp.eu/portal/#view Station map cp.eu/share/stations/ Harry Lankreijer, INES 14