Current Status of Fuel Cell Technology

Transcription

1 Hydrogen, Carbon-Free-Fuel Democratizing the Energy Current Status of Fuel Cell Technology By Dr.-Ing. Syed Mushahid Hussain Hashmi Professor / Chairman Dept. of Automotive & Marine Engineering, NED University Ext: camd@neduet.edu.pk Ph.D.- Mechanical (Institute of Thermodynamics, HSU, Hamburg, Germany)-2010 M.Sc.-Energy Systems (NED)-2002 B.E -Mechanical ( NED)

2 Content Energy Usage- A big picture Motivation Fuel cell fundamentals Working and types Applications Performance Fuel Cell (FC) Stack and Systems Hydrogen as Energy Carrier FC Power Plants FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) Status and Targets of FC Technology Fuel Cell research at NED University, Karachi 2

3 Energy usage 70 % Rejected A typical energy usage as an example of USA. (LLNL 2016) 3

4 Renewable Energy share! Ref: Estimated renewable energy share of Global Electricity Production, 2013 (REN 21 (2014)) 4

5 World Energy Usage EARTH AT NIGHT: THIS COMPOSITE IMAGE SHOWS A GLOBAL VIEW OF EARTH AT NIGHT, COMPILED FROM OVER 400 SATELLITE IMAGES. NASA 5

6 Voltage [V] Power density [W /cm 2 ] Motivation Big Concerns! Present o o o o Environment Fossil fuel depletion Energy Security Creating Jobs Research & Development in Academia and Industry Cell stack, Nafion 212, Active area= 25 cm 2 Cathode load=0.6 mg Pt/cm 2 flow rate: H 2 =1000 sccm Air=3000 sccm Anode load=0.3 mg Pt/cm 2 P=2 bar and T=65 C current density [A/cm 2 ] Future Road Map! Awareness and Education Pilot Projects (RD&D) Industry 6

7 What is Fuel Cell? Conventional Power Plant Chemical Energy of the fuel Thermal Energy Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy Chemical Energy of the fuel Fuel Cell Power Plant Electrical Energy Thermal Energy A fuel cell is an electrochemical device which converts the chemical energy of the fuel directly into electrical and thermal energy. 7

8 How Fuel Cell work? Schematic of PEM fuel cell (not to scale) + H2( g) 2H 2e 1 H O H O 2 2( g ) 2( g ) 2 ( l ) 1 O 2H 2e H O 2 + 2( g) 2 ( l) 8

9 Types of Fuel Cell Early market applications Transportation, portable power, distributed generation Space and Military applications Distributed generation Electricity utility and distributed generation Electricity utility and distributed generation, APU s 9

10 Applications of Fuel Cell Technology Low Power Applications Medium Power Applications High Power Applications 10

11 Applications of Fuel Cell Technology Different Types of fuel Cells PEM, AFC, DMFC, MCFC, SOFC Different fuels and Operating Temperatures of each type Different types of applications Portable, Transport, Stationary 11

12 Fuel Cell Performance Ref: M. M. Mench, Fuel cell engines. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons,

13 Comparison of efficiency Vs Power installed 13

14 Fuel Cell Stack Source: A30 kw fuel cell stack of Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH 14

15 Fuel Cell systems 15

16 Benefits of Fuel Cell Technology Low or zero emissions High quality reliable power Durable, Rugged and Modular Efficient 50% (electrical) 90% (CHP) Quiet operation- Less moving parts Fuel flexible can use conventional or renewable fuels 16

17 Focus areas of Fuel Cell Technology 17

18 Hydrogen -Today and Future Energy systems H 2 is a flexible energy carrier which can link different energy sectors and energy transmission and distribution and thus increase in the operational flexibility of low carbon fuel energy systems. Source: Technology roadmap 2015 by IEA. 18

19 Hydrogen- An infographic 19

20 Renewable Energy and FC chain 20

21 Well-to-wheel emissions vs. vehicle range for several technology options FCEVs can achieve a mobility service compared to today s conventional cars at potentially very low WTW carbon emissions. Source: Technology roadmap 2015by IEA. 21

22 Fuel cell power plants applications DMFC fuel cell plant, 110 W, Suitable for house needs AFC module used by NASA for the space shuttle Apollo London bus on the RV1 line, powered by Ballard FC Velocity-HD6 PEMFC modules delivering 150 kwe 22

23 World s largest fuel cell power plant 23

24 Production volumes of fuel cells according to application More than 80% of all fuel cells sold are used in stationary applications Based on 2013 statistics 24

25 Fuel Cell Vehicle Source: 25

26 FCEV- Joint Ventures-Expanding market GM and Honda to Establish Industry-First Joint FC System Manufacturing Operation in Michigan. (Jan 2017) Toyota Corp. and BMW AG have agreed to jointly develop fuel-cell vehicles, research lithium-air battery and construct a sports car. (Jan 2013) Daimler and the Renault-Nissan Alliance Forms Agreement with Ford to Accelerate Commercialization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Technology (Jan 2013) 26

27 Integrated Transportation FC power systems -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 27

28 Transportation FC Stacks -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 28

29 Membranes for Transportation -Status & Targets 29

30 MEA for transportation -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 30

31 Electrocatayst for Transportation -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 31

32 Bipolar pates for Transportation -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 32

33 Humidification for Transportation -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 33

34 Air compressor for Transportation -Status & Targets 34

35 FC Transit Buses -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 35

36 FC Backup Power Systems -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 36

37 CHP for residential/commercial distributed generation systems -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 37

38 CHP for distributed generation -Status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 38

39 Portable power FC system-status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 39

40 APU-FC system-status & Targets Source: Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan- DOE, USA 40

41 Fuel Cell components-status and Challenges PGM=Platinum group metal Durability and cost are the major challenges for commercialization. 41

42 Fuel Cell cost status 42

43 Fuel Cell Research at NED University Fuel Cell Testing System in Fuel Cell Lab at NED UET Fuel Cell Experimental and Numerical Modelling 43

44 My PhD work at a glance 44

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