WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN THE NORDIC ARCTIC AREAS- IS IT

Transcription

1 WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN THE NORDIC ARCTIC AREAS- IS IT SUFFICIENT? Maria Dam (project leader) Environment Agency Faroe Islands

2 Faroe Islands inhabitants In all 18 islands Parliament Føroya Løgting Part of the kingdom of Denmark Not part of EU Largest income from fishery and fish farming Farmed fish export value amounts to approx 50% of sum fish produce export value

3

4 The project takes place in Tromsø (Norway) Tórshavn (Faroe Islands) Reykjavík (Iceland) and Sisimiut (Greenland)

5 TemaNord 2013:541

6 Sampling was done in 2010 and supplementary sampling in In all 38 pharmaceuticals or metabolites of pharmaceuticals and 7 additives in personal care products were analysed. The analyses were done on a total of 44 samples, whereof some were analysed as parallel samples and some as duplicates. TemaNord 2013:541

7 Painkillers

8 TemaNord 2013:541

9 ACE antagonists and angiotensin receptor blockers

10 Detergents

11 Preliminary environmental risk assessments were based on the ratio of measured PPCP concentrations in recipient water to the predicted noeffect concentration, PNEC. Summary of pharmaceuticals: A few, like diclofenac and ibuprofen, were detected in every or nearly every sample, and some, like simvastatin and sulfamethizole, were not detected in any. Risk ratios exceeding 1 was not observed for any pharmaceutical in these recipient water samples. TemaNord 2013:541

12 TemaNord 2012:519

13 Greenland joined in

14 Remberger et al.temanord 2013:505

15 The results surprised us: ng/l DEHP DINP

16 New analyses confirmed the Nordic screening results: Data from TemaNord 2013:505 and unpublished by M Dam on behalf of Torshavn municipality

17 And the problems were not confined to the Sersjantvíkin STP:

18 In a Nordic screening of quaternary ammonium substances, QAS, the highest concentrations were found in sewage lines in Nuuk: Sum QAS sewage/nuuk sewage/nuuk Manhole, Infl Lynetten Renseanlæg Hraunavik WWTP Ánanaust WWTP sewage/nuuk sewage/nuuk Klettagarðar WWTP Effluent well Laundry etc Effluent well Sana Bay KolonihavnenKlaksvik sj København Hafnarfj. Reykjavik Quinng. Nuuk imeq Reykjv. Sersjtv. STP LSH VASK LSH STP Low conc. of QAS were detected in samples from (in decreasing order): Oslo, Borås, Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Køge, Stockholm, Avedøre, Bollebygd. Kaj et al., TemaNord 2014:556

19 Surely- so few people- with no industrial activity to speak of- aren t able to pollute their environments to a degree where it matters? A closer look at waste water handling in the Atlantic/Arctic part of the Nordic countries: Tromsø Torshavn Reykjavik Sisimiut

20 Going eastward- to Tromsø, Norway

21 Tromsø city- the Paris of the North North of the polar circle, inhabitants > and increasing Approx on the island Tromsøya Ingrid Berg 2013

22 Discharge sites for Tromsø municipal sewage system:

23 RA05 Breivika RA07 Langnes Flow: < m3/h

24 A 3-d shematic drawing of the processes at Langnes STP (Jan Stenersen, 2013)

25 Environmental status in recipient waters in the Tromsø area is monitored regularily and is generally improving Recipient assessment include: Biodiversity in soft bottom and littoral habitats - Species, numbers of indiv., relationships between these Pollutants in Sediments -metals, TBT, PAH, PCB, «new contaminants», Size distrib., TOC, Pollutants in biota- Mytilus e. and Fucus sp. -metals, PAH og PCB Water quality parameters -nutrients, chlorofyll a, bacteria, temperature and oxygen

26 Littoral zone at site L1 - Anoxic sediments - Foul smell H 2 S - Bacteria biofilm environmental status not signs of improvements Tomasjord/Lunheim

27 Torshavn, capital in the Faroe Islands Inhabitants count just less than: Daily increment by approx 50% due to working force and education institutes

28 Effluent disharge sites in the Torshavn area (Oct. 2015) Site no. # PE UA 2 60 UA UA UA 5 80 UA UA UA UA UA UA 11 Sersjantvíkin UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA Sum UA5 to and incl UA Sum all (UA 2 UA27= Area Inhibt 2015* Torshavn city Hoyvik 3782 Argir 1988 Sum * Tórshavn municipality Kommunan í tølum 2015

29 Inside Sersjantvíkin STP, Tórshavn

30 Main Hospital STP, Tórshavn

31 Westwards, to Iceland and the capital Reykjavik -which has approx. 10 times as many inhabitants as Torshavn Guðjón Atli Auðunsson, Summary and evaluation of environmental impact studies on the recipient of sewage from the STP at Ánanaust, Reykjavík

32 There were inhabitants in Iceland in 2013, whereof approx. 2/3 live in Reykjavik general area. Andradóttir et al Málþing Vatns- og Fráveitufélags Íslands

33 In Reykjavik, sewage treatment has been gathered in two large STPs Klettagarðar (serves blue area) and Ánanaust (green area). Sigurður I. Skarpheðinsson

34 Sigurður I. Skarpheðinsson, 2013 Process overview of waste water treatment in Klettagarðar STP. The process is based on mechanical sieving and short residence time. Biological degradation in recipient which is monitored regularily. Strict E.coli limits in near-shore water.

35 Sigurður I. Skarpheðinsson, 2013

36 Then to Greenland- to Sisimiut

37 In Sisimiut, wastewater is discharged directly to ditches or shore areas (photo by Hans Holt Poulsen, Maria Dam)

38 Sewage lines PE Site name A 1560 Ulkebugten B 537 Havnen C 1680 Chokoladefabrik E 869 Qeeqi F 229 Qiviarfik I 520 Akia 1 K 364 Akia 2 Sum 5759 Hans Holt Poulsen, 2013

39 Then a number of households depend on tørkloset and tanks 236 tank kunder 7% 19% Mere end 50 meter Mere end 20 meter Mindre end 20 meter 74% 276 tørkloset kunder 29% Mere end 50 meter Mere end 20 meter Mindre end 20 meter 45% 26% Hans Holt Poulsen, 2013

40 Thus a project was Initiated with team Norway: Jan Stenersen Ingrid Ann Berg Iceland: Sigurður I. Skarpheðinsson Guðjón A. Auðunsson Faroe Islands: Vivie Kirke/Fríðbjørg N. Joensen/Suni Christiansen Maria Dam Greenland: Hans Holt Poulsen Lone Kristiansen The project is in its final phase, and Guðjón and Jan will tell you more!

41 The Nordic Council of Ministers is gratefully acknowledged