Overview of 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland

Transcription

1 Overview of 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland Ingrid van der Laan-Luijkx Sander van der Laan Chiara Uglietti Michael Schibig Patrick Sturm Markus Leuenberger University of Bern Switzerland GGMT 2011, 26 October 2011, Wellington, New Zealand

2 Outline Station Jungfraujoch (JFJ) Measurement techniques 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations Flask intercomparison program at JFJ Comparison with Picarro (EMPA) European source and sink patterns 2

3 High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch Located in the Swiss Alps, between the peaks of the Jungfrau (4158m a.s.l.) and the Mönch (4099m a.s.l.) Accessible by railway since 1912, 3.5 hours from Bern Tourist attraction: visitors in 2010 Switzerland View from University of Bern 3

4 High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch Research station (3450m a.s.l.) Sphinx laboratory (3580m a.s.l.) Railway, restaurants, etc. JFJ Eiger Mönch Jungfrau 4

5 High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (current director: prof. dr. Markus Leuenberger) Sphinx laboratory: 46 32'53"N, 7 59'2"E Average air pressure: mbar Average air temperature: -8.2 C 5

6 Measurement techniques at JFJ Continuous O 2 and CO 2 measurements O 2 : Paramagnetic sensors and fuel cells CO 2 : NDIR Maihak Automated data transfer to Bern and preliminary analysis 6

7 JFJ CO 2 data on UniBern website 7

8 Measurement techniques Weekly flask sampling since the end of 2000 O 2 and CO 2 concentrations: Mass spectrometer δo 2 /N 2 (32/28) and δco 2 /N 2 (44/28) δ 13 C and δ 18 O from CO 2 : Mass spectrometer 8

9 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations Average increase: 2.04±0.01 ppm/year Seasonal amplitude: 9.83±0.03 ppm 9

10 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations Difference between Flasks and Continuous 10

11 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations Average decrease: -23.3±0.1 per meg/year Seasonal amplitude: 49.8±0.3 per meg 11

12 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations Difference between Flasks and Continuous 12

13 10 years of CO 2 and O 2 observations Average decrease: -12.8±0.1 per meg/year Seasonal amplitude:? 13

14 Flask intercomparison at JFJ Flasks for UniBern are filled every week (2 flasks) Furthermore, every 2 weeks flasks are filled for: University of Groningen, the Netherlands (CIO) MPI Jena, Germany Preliminary results for CIO and UniBern 14

15 Flask intercomparison at JFJ 15

16 Flask intercomparison at JFJ 16

17 Comparison to Picarro Since the start of 2010, the Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology of the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) has started continuous CO 2 measurements at JFJ using a Picarro These measurements are performed by Dr. M. Steinbacher and Dr. B. Buchmann EMPA will take over the role as the responsible institute for CO 2 measurements at JFJ A comparison between the two instruments is being performed as a part of this transition 17

18 Comparison to Picarro 18

19 Comparison to Picarro 19

20 Comparison to Picarro 20

21 Comparison to Picarro The comparison between the two systems will be concluded in 2012 Based on the first 1.5 years, the Picarro measurements show to be more stable than Maihak measurements, but the agreement is very good The much lower use of calibration and reference gases is an important factor for the long-term stability 21

22 European source and sink areas 22

23 European source and sink areas JFJ s location and elevation free tropospheric background air Wind is channeled locally in North-South direction, main wind direction is north-northwest Aerosol and other trace gas studies advected air from boundary layer as well as lower free troposhere Background corrected CO 2 and O 2 data subsets for case studies with relative footprints 23

24 European source and sink areas Total footprint of air masses sampled at JFJ ( ) (FLEXPART LPDM) 24

25 European source and sink areas Case 1: very high CO 2 event Feb 2005 High BC and other chemical species observed (GAW aerosol monitoring program) 25

26 European source and sink areas Case 2: very high CO 2 event Nov 2007 Southern Foehn winds transport highly polluted air from the Po valley to JFJ. 26

27 European source and sink areas Selection of different subsets, based on APO and CO 2 27

28 European source and sink areas Subset 2: High CO 2 and low APO, mainly in winter, higher anthropogenic emissions, higher residence time over Germany, Poland etc. 28

29 European source and sink areas Subset 5: Average CO 2 and high APO (Nov-Apr), marine biospheric activity. 29

30 Summary 10 years of atmospheric CO 2 and O 2 observations from 80 year old research station Good agreement with global trends Despite remote location, still influenced by local and regional events Records from early years have to be studied further, especially regarding strong O 2 decrease in Questions? 30