DISPERSION OF OIL SPILLAGE ON SOIL (A CASE STUDY OF NIGER-DELTA) AT All DONATUS UGI) 97/5952EH CIIEMICAL ENGINEERNG, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF

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1 /'. ) DSPERSON OF OL SPLLAGE ON SOL l, (A CASE STUDY OF NGER-DELTA) BY AT All DONATUS UG) 97/5952EH A PROJECT SUBMTTED TO THE D~P~RTMENT OF CEMCAL ENGNEERNG, FEDERAL UNVERSTY OF TECHNOLOGY, MNNA N '/'. )! PAH.TAL FULFLMENT OF THE REQUREMENT i, FOR THE A WARD OF B.ENG. N CHEMCAL ENGNEERNG L, SEPTEMBER, ). l.

2 } } i l J ~ " >ECLARATON, ATAH DONATUS UG. with matriculation number EH, declare that this thesis; Dispersion of oil splilagc on soil. A case study of Nigcr- Delta area, presented for the award of Bachelor of Fllgineering in Chemical Engineering, has not been presented for any other degree c!sc\vhcrc, 4ignature -1'}1.; tc,1>1s-e1z ~~ Date

3 (TllTFCATON This is to certify that tills project was supervised, moderated and approved by the following underlistcd persuns on behalf of the Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Engr. S. A Abdukarccm Date Supervisor Dr. F.A. Aberuagba Date Head of Department Extcmal Examiner Date 111

4 >EDCATON This project is specially de<.l1catcd to my dcmly beloved parents Mr. And Mrs. Atah.c. Ugi who gave me the encouragement and bears the responsibilities of my education and to my most dearly beloved brother and sisters, Henry. Prisca, Felicia and Elizabeth for their loving attention 1\

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT must start by exprc~sing my heartfelt gratitude to almighty God, for guiding me through the whole project To my entire family, be assured of my regards fo" your belief in my capacity, my capability and me. Special thanks to my sweet and lovely Father Engr.Atah.c. Ugi for his tnancial support and his efforts and courage in bringing me to obtain this B.Eng. Degree til Federal University of Technology, Minna. My sincere thanks also goes to the following people; Engr and Mrs. Andy Abraham who acted like my parents throughout my course. My sincere thanks also goes to the following people; Mrs. Gertrude Atah, Mrs. Stella Okoro, Martin and Famous Okoro, Mr. Daniel and Philip (SPDC). Miss. Carolyn Okotie (SPDC). have had useful disclssions and received wise counseling and magnammous assistance from many individuals in the course of my sojourn, at the risk of offending some, wish to express lly passionate indebtedness to the following Engineers; Josh Nege, Oladeji Segs, Soln AY. Saidu APaiko. Segs Awotoye. Nani Ogoina, Arch. Mamman Easy, Arch. Famose, and voke. Also to my bosom fricnds, Miss. Grace Daniels, Miss. Malvis mj, Miss. Kemi and to my friends in school, including those that contributed in one way or the other to make this project a success. \1~ special gratitude goes to my intelligent and hardworking supervisor, Engr. Abdukarl'cm.A. Saka. for his criticism, guidance, material and moral support. \.

6 TAUL<: OF CONTENT CONTENTS PAGE Cover page... i Declaration...,...,... '"...ii Certification... iii Dedication... i" Acknowledgclllcnt.... v Table of content.... vi Abstract... x CHAPTER ONE 1.0 ntroduction... '"...,...,..,...,... '"."... '" Justification Scope of Study Definition oroil Spillage Classification oroil Spillage Minor Spill.. "...,..., ntennediate or Medium Spill Major Spill Oil Spillage Contingellcy Plan... " Ainls and Objectives... 5 CHAPTER T\VO 2.0 Literature Review Effect of Oil Spillage in Soil V

7 2.2 Treatment of Oi 1 in Sui Method Employed for Cleaning..., Mechanical Removal Use of Absorbent Material Burning Causes of Oil Spillage Mechanical Failure Natural Hazard Sabotage Cases...,..., Operational Discharges nland Oil SpilL...'''' " ''''''...," Prevention of Oil Spillage Corrosion Production Operation Sabotage Human Error Mathematical Modeling Modeling Techniques CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Analytical and Experimental Procedures Sample Test Collection of Sample Detennination ofb.o.d V11

8 3.2.1 Procedure Detennination of p-..., Procedure Detennination of Electrical Conductivity Procedure Detennination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Procedure Detennination of Nitrate/ Nitrite Procedure Detemlination of Phosphate Procedure... "... '" Detennination of Carbonate Reagents and Procedure CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 Conceptualization of Modeling Techniques Simulation...,..., CHAPTER FVE 5.0 Results Experimental Results Result obtained from a Major Spill Result offepa standard Results of Simulation Values Discussion of Results V

9 5.6 Conclusion Reconlmcndation References X

10 ,. i ABSTRACT An investigation of the effect of oil spillage, multiple regression.of result obtained from the polluted area to derive a statistical model equation and also to predict a ph of the soil. The parameters measured are the ph, Electric~l Conductivity CEC), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Organic Nitrate and Nitrite (NO) &. N02), Carbonate (C0 3 ), Biological O,;ygen Demand (BOD) and the Distance. The samples were collected over the month of February and March The result obtained shows that in general the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Organic Nitrate, Or{!j1nic. Nitrite,. Electrical Conductivity, Biological Oxygen Demand, Carbonate, are within the FEPA standards. But the ph of the soil which dependant on soil quality is unaccepted when compared with the set limit by FEPA (Federal Environmental and Protection Agency). The result of regression model simulated showed a remarkable agreement with the experimental J l. results. x /: