Battling Dragonscale Thomas Coyne Coyne Chemical

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1 Battling Dragonscale Thomas Coyne Coyne Chemical NY Federation of Waste Annual Conference 5/21/2018

2 Have you seen this at any of your sites?

3 What is Scale? Mineral deposits are formed by ionic reactions resulting in the formation of an insoluble precipitate For example, when hard water is heated, Ca 2+ ions react with bicarbonate (HCO 3- ) ions to form insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) This precipitate, known as scale, coats the vessels in which the water is heated, producing the mineral deposits on your cooking dishes In small quantities, these deposits are not harmful, but they may be frustrating to try to clean More serious is the situation in which industrial-sized processes become coated with scale As scale builds up on the inside of equipment, such as filters, and pipes, water flow is impeded, and hence parts and pipes must be replaced more often than if Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions were not present in the water

4 What is Scale?

5 Traditional Strategies Large-scale municipal operations use a process known as the "lime-soda process" is used to remove Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ from the water supply Ion-exchange reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble precipitate, are the basis of this process A combination of slaked lime, Ca(OH) 2, and soda ash, Na 2 CO 3 are added to the influent and the calcium precipitates as CaCO 3, and magnesium precipitates as Mg(OH) 2 These solids can be collected, thus removing the scale-forming cations from the water supply

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7 Typical leachate inorganic characteristics per OBG & WM Magnesium accounts for more than 1/3 of the total dissolved solids in some of the most aggressive scale situations

8 What Is Struvite? Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, a phosphate mineral with formula: NH 4 MgPO 4 6H 2 O Mg 2+ + NH 4+ + PO H 2 O MgNH 4 PO 4.6H 2 O (SOLID) Sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline conditions, but readily soluble in acidic solutions Struvite forms at an optimum ph of 8.4 Hotter leachate (>51 C/120 F) is also encouraging much quicker formation Cleaning and removal can be time consuming, expensive, and result in extended plant down-time

9 What Causes Struvite? Forms when there is a mole to mole to mole ratio (1:1:1) of magnesium, ammonia and phosphate in the leachate, condensate, or wastewater Magnesium can naturally originate from the soil, plants, water, and chemicals Ammonia is decomposition of organic proteins within land fills and is broken down from the urea and in the digesters Phosphate originates from food scraps, chemicals, personal care products, pharmaceuticals and asphalt Crystal growth will continue as long as the conditions remain favourable

10 Pro-Struvite Conditions Struvite is more likely to form: High ph environments Higher conductivity situations Lower temperatures Higher concentrations of magnesium, ammonia and phosphate Traditional Cleaning Techniques: Replacing the pipes Hydro-jetter or a mechanical grinder Chemical cleaning has been predominately used to clear systems of struvite with mixed success Chemical cleaning products have been developed to remove and prevent struvite with minimal downtime

11 Save Me! Where s the part where I eat him?

12 In western literature, we have good evidence the Greeks first used the literary motif of dragon in the Iliad, although there is some scholarly debate that the three-headed creature was a snake. Iliad circa 700 BC

13 Heracles slaying the hydra circa BC Verona of Saint George slaying the dragon Circa 1270 Circa1260 AD, contains the oldest recognizable image of a fully modern, western dragon. circa BC Cadmus fighting the dragon of Ares illustration of the battle of the Red and White Dragons from History of the Kings of Britain Circa 1500 AD

14 Real Dragons? An unusual beaked dragon statue from the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. A.D. 220) Characteristics: tridactyl feet, metatarsal stance, scale-like epresentation all over the body, long tail, elaborate head crest and a long neck. Preserved dinosaur mummy discovered in Alberta, Canada in The specimen sported a fleshy crest atop its head (like a rooster). The first non-bony crest discovered on a dinosaur. The scales are also very iconic.

15 Microscopic Photographs of Struvite Crystal(s)

16 In 2000, estimated costs of fouling in waste streams for industrial operations in the U.S. was estimated at roughly $8-$10 billion (Muller-Steinhagen, 2000).

17 Dissolution of Dragonscale Cause Anaerobic sludge digestion releases ammonium, magnesium and phosphate Effect The presence of these components can form Struvite and thus Dragonscale in downstream dewatering facilities Formation of severe scale in pipelines and process equipment This can result in scaling in pipelines and on walls of process equipment.

18 How does the Stru-Free Series Work? Due to a special proprietary BASF production process and custom blending process by Coyne, Stru-Free Cleaner has a unique purity compared to other formulations. This results in superior reactivity. Breaks apart the MgNH4PO4 Suspends and Binds Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Prevents reformation Releases H 2 O and CO 2

19 Without Dispersant With Dispersant Impact of dispersant on crystal growth CaCO3 deposits on heat exchanger

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21 Scale Dissolution Performance on Dragonscale Sample from West Coast Landfill w/ Stru-Free 120 Started g of Dragonscale After 1 hour 6.550g of Dragonscale Case Study After 3 hours g of Dragonscale

22 Scale Dissolution Performance on Dragonscale Sample from West Coast Landfill w/ Stru-Free 140 Started g of Dragonscale After 2 hours g of Dragonscale Case Study After 4 hours.2755g of Dragonscale

23 Scale Dissolution Performance on Dragonscale Sample from East Coast Landfill w/ Stru-Free 120 Started g of Dragonscale Case Study After 1 hour g of Dragonscale

24 Scale Dissolution Performance on Dragonscale Sample from East Coast Landfill w/ Stru-Free 140 Started 7.81 g of Dragonscale After 1 hour 2.32 g of Dragonscale After 2 hours.09 g of Dragonscale Case Study

25 Stru-Free Cleaner - Comparison

26 Stru-Free 100 Series Cleaners Toxicity and Environmental Aspects Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Stru-Free 100 Series Cleaners are readily biodegradable OECD Test #301A > 70% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduction OECD Test #306 >70% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) Carbon dioxide, sulphate, water and biomass are formed as ultimate decomposition products Stru-Free 100 Series Cleaners are halogen free, phosphor free and nitrogen free LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%") (oral, rat): approx 1000mg/kg

27 Stru-Free - Additional Benefits De-scales lime faster than typical acids, such as phosphoric, sulfuric and formic acid Removes calcium oxalate as well as other calcium deposits e.g. gypsum Improves rust and grime removal Exhibits low viscosity and low toxicity Non-oxidizing and non-reducing Performs with high thermal stability Minimizes ecological impact

28 Factors to consider Stru-Free Cleaners are strong odorless formulation and combines all these benefits into one product! Strength Speed Cost Effectiveness Employee Safety Environmentally Safe

29 A VERY Quick Overview of Coyne Chemical

30 Coyne Chemical is George S. Coyne Chemical Co., Inc. This year our 5 generations Manufacturing & Distribution family business, will be 150 years old!

31 Thank You! For additional questions Coyne s chemical solutions, please contact: Thomas Coyne, Jr. Vice President of Sales Office TomCoyne@CoyneChemical.com Melanie Morgan Business Market Specialist Office / Cell MMorgan@CoyneChemical.com