Recent policy developments are shaping the future of the ground source heating. John Findlay, Chairman Ground Source Heat Pump Association

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1 Recent policy developments are shaping the future of the ground source heating John Findlay, Chairman Ground Source Heat Pump Association

2 AGENDA GSHP basics and a bit on carbon The various technologies to link with the ground Some design pointers and issues The RHI Recent developments, RHI & policy changes, impact on renewable heat A few thoughts for the future Q & A

3 Ground source heat pumps in action Ground source heat pumps provide THE most efficient means to obtain renewable heating, cooling or energy storage

4 Heat pump basics Heating isn t a free ride Heat Pumps upgrade heat energy from ground or water Electricity needed to drive compressor.

5 Shallow Closed loop systems Shallow pipes buried in trenches collect SOLAR energy from surrounding soils

6 Closed loop Boreholes

7 Open loop Boreholes Requires presence of groundwater from an underlying aquifer Groundwater at a constant temperature (about 11 C here) Higher efficiency than closed loop due to higher average input temperature (pump power to be minimised) Different design issues & skills required Regulation by Environment Agency = longer period for build and licensing Heating, cooling and heat storage

8 Surface water source heat pumps Closed loop or open loop Excellent code of practice: CP2 from GSHPA/CIBSE Regulation of open loop by Environment Agency

9 Ground source collection systems & Open Loop EA regulates all schemes (abstraction and reinjection) regulation Closed loop: Shallow collector EA not involved, (too many and low or no impact) Closed Loop: boreholes EA not involved. Potential involvement with large schemes via planning Surface Water: WSHP EA regulation of larger schemes

10 Boreholes & drilling issues Know what you are drilling into! Rules of thumb? NO! Design and planning. YES! GSHPA Standards Geology assessment, thermal response tests, array models Correct driller, equipment & drilling methods Boreholes can create connections between surface & deeper aquifers Artesian flow be prepared for pressure! Pipe options and carrier fluid; turbulent flow Low permeability, thermal grout

11 Open loop potential from rivers or sea UK: an island full of rivers & lots of rain = Huge potential! Kingston Heights, London, Hotel & residential, takes about 2.3MW of heat from the river Thames Kingston development Drammen heat pumps Norway: Drammen District heat System; 13MW heating Sea water, average of only 8 C and 90 C delivery temperature 85% of the hot water needed to heat 200 large buildings

12 Borehole and WSHP options Closed or open loop: Ability to serve 3kW up to many MW heating and/or cooling lower running cost compared to oil & LPG and similar to gas If open loop is no-go, then closed loop is usually go! Little regulation of closed loop Good support from EA on regulation of open loop Good engagement from DBEIS

13 The RHI and GSHP market to /16: Uncertainties from election, movement of DECC into DBEIS, major changes to FIT payments, Brexit etc. lead to uncertainty = not been good for renewable technology investment. GSHPA now welcomes engagement from DBEIS and pleased to see certainty of RHI applications to Majority of RHI installs to date have been biomass. Now changing due to degression of biomass tariffs and increase of GSHP tariffs Ongoing reduction of electricity CO 2 intensity = good for design assessment and fair comparison of technologies Now is the best time to consider heat pump technologies

14 Domestic RHI The GSHP tariff for renewable heat is 19.55p/kWh. For single domestic properties of less than 45kW Self build and domestic renovations, & domestic heating replacements MCS approved equipment & installed by MCS approved installers Based on deemed heat produced by system from your EPC Complex domestic properties (oil/gas backup and second homes) are metered

15 Non Domestic RHI 8.95p/kWh for first 1314 hours of eligible heat produced, then 2.6p/kWh for additional heat Quarterly payments from date of accreditation Annual CPI increase Commercial properties, social housing, industrial, public buildings, not for profit buildings and district heating systems (Sub 45 kw, installation must be MCS) Can run with boiler bivalent system. Correctly metered & calibrated & not heating a single domestic home Shared borehole arrays Heat used for space heating and hot water for wholly enclosed, long lasting buildings Cannot be used for process heat, polytunnels or temporary structures

16 Recent changes to RHI Pre accreditation of non domestic schemes. Excellent for confidence of receipt of RHI prior to major investment Domestic (for 7 years) & non domestic (for 20 years) applications up to April Cap on Domestic RHI payment up to 30,000 kwh. Equivalent to about 4,200 per annum for 7 years.

17 Looking ahead Investability : Realisation that ground arrays are long term infrastructure. Boreholes are good for 100 years+ and heat pumps 25 years+. Energy companies attracted to selling heat; especially from shared ground arrays. GSHPs tend to require local/uk skills & labour for design & specialised drilling & installation. Good potential for employment More GSHP systems being designed & installed as RHI tariffs become more favourable and CO 2 computation more realistic..and talking of electricity

18 GSHPs and Electricity a few points Heat pumps use mains power; so are not carbon neutral? Correct. Heat pumps are emission free in the building. Although CO 2 emissions occur at the power station Major recent reductions of carbon intensity of electricity grid due to wind power, PV and reduced coal use Current Carbon Trust grid carbon figure is: 412 gco 2 /kwh. Sometimes below 250 gco 2 /kwh on windy days.

19 ..and 2 nd February; a quarter of UK s power came from wind.

20 How far can this go? The UK s target is zero carbon electricity by 2050 (by addition of more renewables & nuclear and phasingout fossil fuels) Nett effect is that the CO 2 emissions from the use of heat pumps is already falling rapidly. By 2050 (within the lifetime of some of today s heat pumps!) they will provide ZERO CARBON heating and cooling one of the few currently available options for decarbonised heat

21 The GSHPA Represents the GSHP sector throughout the UK and beyond Over 120 members Significant engagement with BEIS and other government departments on policy development Development of GSHP Standards for boreholes, thermal piles, shallow systems and major input to the CIBSE code of practice for Surface Water heat pumps systems (CP2).

22 THANK YOU! Any Questions? John Findlay CEng. Chairman GSHPA Carbon Zero Consulting Ltd