Environment. The Science Behind the Stories. Jay Withgott. Matthew Laposata PEARSON

Transcription

1 Environment The Science Behind the Stories 5TH EDITION Jay Withgott Matthew Laposata PEARSON Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

2 -, _ 8 PART ONE Geology: The Physical Basis for Environmental Science 33 Have We Brought On a New Geologic Epoch? 33 Geologic and Natural Hazards 39 3 :, s, 47 Founda Environmenta Saving Hawaiis Native Forest Birds 48 Science and Sustainability: An Introduction io Environmental Science Our Island, Earth The Nature of Environmental Science What Are the Lessons of Easter Island? The Nature of Science Sustainability and Our Future Evolution: The Source of Earths Biodiversity 49 Hawaii: Species Factory and Lab of Evolution 56 Levels of Ecological Organization 60 Population Ecology 6 Monitoring Bird Populations at Hakalau Forest 64 Conserving Biodiversity 69 / İ -t and Community Ecology 74,j Earths Physical Systems: Mattel; Energy, and Geology 2 Black and White, and Spread All Over: Zebra Mussels Invade the Great Lakes 75 Species Interactions 76 The Tohoku Earthquake: Has It Shaken the Worlds Trust in Nuclear Power? Matter, Chemistry, and the Environment Tracking Fukushimas Nuclear Legacy Energy: An Introduction Ecological Communities 80 Determining Zebra Mussels Impacts on Fish Communities 86 Chronicling Ecological Recovery at Mount St Helens 90 Earths Biomes 93

3 , b <," fstfi] it Svstei International Environmental Policy Approaches to Environmental Policy The Vanishing Oysters of the Chesapeake Bay 05 Earths Environmental Systems Ecosystems Biogeochemical Cycles "Turning the Tide" for Native Oysters in Chesapeake Bay FACE-ing a High-CO, Future Ethics, Economics, and %i <iji Bui n - Costa Rica Values Its Chinas One-Child Policy 89 Ecosystem Services 33 Culture, Worldview, and the Environment Environmental Ethics Economics and the Environment Do Payments Help Preserve Forest? Ethics in Economics: Discounting Our World at Seven Billion Mapping Our Populations Environmental Impact Demography Population and Society Did Soap Operas Reduce Fertility in Brazil? and Global Climate Change Sustainable Development Soil and Agriculture Iowas Farmers Practice No-Till Oil, Agriculture 25 actus and Solving Problems <» K W Soil: The Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture 26 Hydrofracking the Marcellus Shale 62 Soil as a System Conserving Soil Can No-Till Environmental Policy: An Overview 64 Farming Help Us Fight Climate Change? Watering and Fertilizing Crops VI Does Fracking Contaminate Drinking Water? US Environmental Law and Policy Restoring the Malpai Borderlands Agricultural Policy

4 - f V " the Future of Food 243 Forest Loss Forest Management Parks and Protected Areas i Forest Ecosystems and Forest Resources Transgenic Maize in Southern Mexico? 244 Fighting over Fire and Forests Forest Fragmentation in the Amazon The Race to Feed the World Raising Animals for Food Preserving Crop Diversity Conserving Pollinators, Controlling Pests Organic Agriculture How Productive Is Organic Farming? Genetically Modified Food Transgenic Contamination of Native Maize? Sustainable Food Production --ertr"" Conservation Biology Will We Slice through the Serengeti? The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities Managing Our Urbanizing World Sprawl Creating Livable Cities Urban Sustainability Growth in Portland, Oregon Baltimore and Phoenix Showcase Urban Ecology Our Planet of Life Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Wildlife Declines in African Reserves Benefits of Biodiversity Conservation Biology: The Search for Solutions Using Forensics to Uncover Illegal Whaling Forest Management, and Prelected Areas Certified Sustainable Paper in Your Textbook Environmental Health and Toxicology Environmental Health Poison in the Bottle: Is Bisphenol A Safe? Testing the Safety of Bisphenol A Toxic Substances and Their Effects on Organisms Toxic Substances and Their Effects on Ecosystems Studying Effects of Hazards Pesticides and Child Development in Mexicos Yaqui Valley Risk Assessment and Risk Management Philosophical and Policy Approaches

5 water Systems and Resources Starving the Louisiana Coast of Sediment Ozone Depletion and Recovery Discovering Ozone Depletion and the Substances Behind It Addressing Acid Deposition Indoor Air Quality Freshwater Systems Human Activities Affect Waterways Is It Better in a Bottle? Solutions to Depletion of Fresh Water Freshwater Pollution and Its Control Hypoxia and the Gulf of Mexicos "Dead Zone" rces Collapse of the Cod Fisheries Global Climate Change Rising Seas May Flood the Maldives Our Dynamic Climate Studying Climate Change Reading History in the Worlds Longest Ice Core Current and Future Trends and Impacts How Do Climate Models Work? Responding to Climate Change The Oceans 42 Marine and Coastal Ecosystems 426 Wilt Climate Change Rob Us of Coral Reefs? 428 Marine Pollution 432 Predicting the Oceans "Garbage Patches" 434 Emptying the Oceans 437 Marine Conservation 443 sit Fuels, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation Sources of Energy Albertas Oil Sands and the Keystone XL Pipeline Fossil Fuels and Their Extraction 7 Atmospheric Science!, Air Quality, and Pollution Control The Atmosphere Outdoor Air Quality Clearing the Air in LA and Mexico City Measuring the Health Impacts of Mexico Citys Air Pollution Locating Fossil Fuel Deposits Underground Addressing Impacts of Fossil Fuel Use Discovering Impacts of the Gulf Oil Spill Energy Efficiency and Conservation 20 Conventional Energy tives Swedens Search for Alternative Energy

6 Cell " Alternatives to Fossil Fuels 554 Nuclear Power 555 -: Lining < The Science Behind the Story; Health Impacts of Chernobyl and Fukushima 562 Bioenergy 566 Assessing EROI Values of Energy Sources 572 Hydroelectric Power 574 }i&:>i^8 Mining for HS ^^^fcstf*% Phones? 634, J3m ^ItPtm Earths Mineral Resources 635 Mining Methods and Their Impacts 639 w Rene Alternatives - l Mountaintop Removal Mining: Assessing the Environmental Impacts 644 Toward Sustainable Mineral Use 646 Germany Goes Solar Sustainable Solutions 653 "New" Renewable Energy Sources 582 Comparing Energy Sources 586 Solar Energy 588 What Are the Impacts of Solar and Wind Development? 592 College Strives for a Sustainable Campus 654 adeanza Sustainability on Campus 655 Strategies for Sustainability 665 Precious Time 670 Wind Power 594 Geothermal Energy 598 Ocean Energy Sources 600 Hydrogen Managing OurWaste 608 Transforming New Yorks Fresh Kills Landfill 609 Approaches to Waste Management 60 Municipal Solid Waste 6 Tracking Trash 620 Industrial Solid Waste 622 Hazardous Waste 624 Testing the Toxicity of "E-Waste" 628 Appendix A Answers to Data Analysis Questions A- Appendix B How to Interpret Graphs Appendix C EM Metric System C- Appendix D Periodic Table of the Elements D- Appendix I Geologic Time Scale E- Glossary G-l uedite CR- Selected Sources and References for Further Reacting R-l Jnoex M ix