Current conditions for biogas and biogas market in France

Transcription

1 Current conditions for biogas and biogas market in France Claire Ingremeau Engineer ATEE Club Biogaz French Biogas Association BIOGAS 23. Jahrestagung and Fachmesse 1

2 Summary Current French biogas context Energy production, number and type of plants, growing segment, biogas uses Framework conditions Law, economic and political supports Future development Potential, governmental plans, energy transition scenarios 2

3 Current French biogas context 3

4 French energy production Renewable energy : 14% of total energy production Biogas : 1,8 % of renewable energy production French renewable primary energy production in 2011 (Mtoe) Biogas; 0,35 Bioethanol; 0,43 Biodiesel; 1,63 Renewable hydroelectric; 3,92 Crop residues; 0,35 TOTAL : 19,49 Mtoe Wood/wood waste; 8,87 Wind power; 1,05 Photovoltaic; 0,17 Heat pumps; 1,3 Renewable municipal waste; 1,25 Solar thermal; 0,06 Geothermal; 0,09 Source : S0eS (2013) 4

5 French biogas plants Number of French biogas plants in 2013 Installed electric power (2012) 7% 7% 7% 5% 1% 73% Agriculture Household waste Industrial Territorial Sewer sludge Landfill 370 plants More than 246 MWélec connected 2,4 TWh produced Source : Ademe (2012), ErDF (June, 2013), Irstea (June 2013) 5

6 Growing segment : biogas in agriculture Farm biogas development (2012) Power ranges of farm plants (kwe, 2012) Nb of operational plants Cumulative P (Mwe) Nb plants Cumulative P (Mwe) Source : Ademe (2013) 6

7 French agriculture biogas scheme Feedstock composition (2012) Feedstock : manure is the mix basis, energy main crops are not subsidized, intermediate crops are privileged 11% 4% 9% 13% 63% Manure Agro-food wastes Green wastes Energy crops Others wastes Technology : great majority of «completely mixed», but dry process is in development Main energy recovery : CHP (average Power=180kWe), biomethane in progress Source : Ademe (2013), Irstea (2013) 7

8 Biogas uses CHP : use of heat is required to obtain maximum electricity price Biomethane injection has been possible since end of : 3 plants (2 using household waste, 1 agriculture) More than 400 projects : transport and distribution networks Biomethane fuel : 4 plants Natural gas for vehicles is little known 1st market to be developed : local councils for dumpsters, buses, company vehicles 8

9 Framework conditions 9

10 Current regulations Anaerobic digestion is now fully taken into account by law : Specific ICPE (risk management, environment) regulation depending types and quantities of feedstock, files submitted at region level Feed-in tariffs for electricity and biomethane 2013 last news : Biomethane injection and CHP possible on the same plant (February 2013) Electricity : bonus for manure use raises for medium sized plants (August 2013) Expected developments : Animal by-products European regulation and his French application Digestate use and Land Application Plans 10

11 AD support Investment subsidies By ADEME regional agencies : through request for proposal. Funds «Waste» (40 M in 2013) By regional council Subsidies represent % of a plant investments Feed-in tariffs CHP : electricity prices reassessed in 2011 Biomethane feed-in possible since years contracts, purchase obligation Traceability : «Green certificate» for renewable electricity Guarantee of origin certificates for biomethane 11

12 Feed-in tariffs Feed in tariffs Minimum Maximum Electricity price : with power with % of manure with energy efficiency c /kwh Landfill (CHP) Digestion (CHP) Landfill (bioch4) Digestion (bioch4) Biomethane price : with power Electricity price Biomethane price with % of agriculture and agro-food substrates (dedicated intermediate energy crops, residues from agriculture/agro-food industry) with % of waste from community (excluding sewer sludge), households and catering Source : Arrêté du 23 novembre 2011, Arrêté du 19 mai

13 Barriers to overcome Economic : Low profitability High dependence on subsidies Long administrative formalities Simplification tests in progress, state agencies better understanding Facilitate digestate use Land Application Plan for organic effluents are restrictive Only French standard : composted digestate Approval by agriculture ministry : first cases in 2013 Feedbacks will increase knowledge and facilitate uses Public opinion AD is unknown, fear about gas explosion/transport/competition with food Importance of communication, consultation around projects, increasing public knowledge, building a secure sector 13

14 Political will 2013 : national debate on energy transition EMAA Action Plan (March 2013) : to develop anaerobic digestion and nitrogen autonomy agricultural plants in 2020, collective plants, medium size, involved in their territory Development of a French equipment network Facilitate digestate use, under produce status, develop the use of organic fertilizers 14

15 Future development 15

16 Planned plants Since 2011 : follow-up by compulsory statement to ADEME Statement registered 6 months before electrical connexion request or biomethane sale purchase AD Plants in the planning stage identified by ADEME (landfills are excluded) Cumulative P (Mwe) Nb identified plants 02/2012 Cumulative P (Mwe) 06/ / / /2013 Source : Ademe (2013) 16

17 Potential feedstock for AD Biomass ressources in primary energy (MWh/an) ADEME study about potential feedstock available for AD in 2030 : 132 Mt of raw matter, 90% from agriculture 56 TWh primary energy Political will to make available biowaste from the biggest producers Obligation to sort waste in order to use it for compost or AD Eligible waste producers Year Biowaste (t/year) Used edible oil (l/an) One step / year Source : ADEME (2013), Arrêté du 12 juillet

18 National plans 2010 Grenelle de l Environnement 7 TWh biogas 2020 National action plan about renewable energies 12 TWh biogas 2030 Roadmap project ADEME(*) entre 22 et 60 TWh biogas Heat/elec tricity Heat/electricity Underlying Proactive Heat/electricity (*) work in progress : foretold end of

19 Forecasting scenarios ADEME : French Environment and Energy Management Agency GrDF : gas grid operator négawatt : a pro active scenario from a group of energy and economics experts 180 Biogas production in 2030 and 2050 according to 2 scenarii Primary production (TWh) * * Actual ADEME GrDF : *biomethane injection only négawatt Source : ADEME (2013), négawatt (2011), GrDF (2013) 19

20 Conclusion Quick growth of French biogas sector since 2011 : agricultural and territorial plants But economic weakness Willingness to develop a French model : Few/No dedicated energy main crops Tailor-made plants linked to their areas French expertise and firms network A successful start essential to future development : Economics, industrial risks, environmental impacts, public opinion 20

21 Find out more French inter branch organisation : ATEE Club Biogaz club.biogaz@atee.fr Directory of French biogas sector French Environment and Energy Management Agency : ADEME SINOE : french database about waste management, description of plants Ministries of environment and agriculture SOeS : Official statistics about environment, energy and sustainable development Legifrance : French law website Claire INGREMEAU c.ingremeau@atee.fr

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23 French primary energy production French production : primary energy (Mtep) Primary electricity non-renewable ,81,3 111,7 Oil products Gas Renewable energy 82,6 Coal Non renewable wastes Source : Soes,

24 Electricity feed-in tariffs Anaerobic digestion Puissance maximale installée Tarif de base ( c /kwh ) 150 kw 13, kw 12, kw 12, kw 11, kw 11,19 Landfill Puissance maximale installée Tarif de base ( c /kwh ) 150 kw 9, kw 8,121 Pour tout: interpolation linéaire entre les valeurs Prime effluents d élevage ( c /kwh ) Pmax Pr max 300 kw 2,6 500 Kw 2, kw 0 Selon: Ef (% d effluents) Valeur de Pr 20 % 0 60 % Pr max Valeur de l efficacité énergétique V Prime M ( c /kwh ) V 35 % 0 V 70 % 4 Hors chauffage digesteur, hygiénisation (process amont) 24

25 Biomethane feed-in tariff Anaerobic digestion Débit maximal (Nm3/h) Tarif de base (c /kwh) 50 9, , , , , , ,4 Capacité maximale de production Landfill C /kwh PCS 50 Nm3/h 9,5 350 Nm3/h 4,5 Prime agricole (c /kwh) Débit maximal (Nm3/h) Pr max ,5 c /kwh Proportion de produits issus de cultures intercalaires à vocation énergétique et des déchets ou résidus provenant de l'agriculture, de la sylviculture, de l'industrie agroalimentaire ou des autres agroindustries Proportion de déchets des collectivités (hors boues de station d'épuration), déchets des ménages et assimilés ou déchets de la restauration hors foyer 25

26 Biowaste availability Recyclage matière organique de déchets ménagers prévu à 35% en 2012 et 45% en 2015 (Directive décharge du 26/04/1999 et Grenelle Environnement, Décret n du 11 juillet 2011 et Arrêté du 12 juillet 2011 sur les biodéchets) Article 204 loi Grenelle II: les personnes qui produisent des quantités importantes de déchets composés majoritairement de biodéchets sont tenues d en assurer le tri à la source en vue de leur valorisation dès le 1er janvier

27 Feedstock disponibility in 2030 Source : Estimation des gisements potentiels de substrats utilisables en méthanisation, ADEME,

28 Digestate uses Digestate (as a fertilizer) Article L255-2 du Code Rural Land application plan Approval by agriculture ministry Standard Waste Producer responsible Traceability Product User responsible Get back to soil 28

29 Bibliography Etat des lieux du parc des installations de valorisation du biogaz, ADEME, 2013 Bilan national des projets biogaz identifiés au 1er juillet 2013, ADEME, 2013 Estimation des gisements potentiels de substrats utilisables en méthanisation, ADEME, 2013 Scenarios Contribution de l'ademe à l'élaboration de visions énergétiques , ADEME, 2013 Scénario négawatt 2011, négawatt, 2011 Objectif facteur/4, GrDF, 2013 More documents about biogas in our documentary database 29