REPORT Study of Impact of Large Landfills on Environment of the Leningrad Oblast

Transcription

1 HELCOM BALTHAZAR project Financed by EU REPORT Study of Impact of Large Landfills on Environment of the Leningrad Oblast LLC Scientific and Technical Centre of Industrial Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Ecological Development 2009

2 INTRODUCTION Screening activities for component Hazardous wastes on the Leningrad Region territory have been fulfilled within the BALTHAZAR project. The main goal of the Project BALTHAZAR is assistance in protection of the Baltic Sea from pollution through reducing of loading caused by agricultural entities (AE) and hazardous wastes. The component Hazardous wastes is focused on inventory of large landfills and estimation of current regime in hazardous wastes management. The main task of screening was to study impact of large landfills on environment of the Leningrad Oblast and to reveal the landfills causing the main loading on the Baltic Sea with pollutants. IMPLEMENTERD ACTIVITIES The Program of screening was elaborated and coordinated with all interested parties. Six landfills were selected for study in the Leningrad region: 1. Landfill Ust-Tosna 2. Dumping area Primorskaya 3. MSW landfill "Novoselki" 4. MSW landfill "Volkhonka" 5. Industrial waste landfill in Gatchina town 6. MSW landfill in Gatchina town Location of the landfills is shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2

3 Location of sampling sites in Leningrad Oblast Fig.1 Fig.2 - location of the landfills 1 - Ust-Tosna, 2 Primorskaya, 3 "Novoselki", 4 -"Volkhonka" 5, 6 Gatchina

4 It was planned by the program to take sample from the drainage ditches around landfills of MSW Ust-Tosna, Primorskaya, "Novoselki", and "Volkhonka", and one sample of sediments from the Izhora River downstream of the two landfills located alongside - the Industrial waste landfill in Gatchina town and the MSW landfill in Gatchina town. Near the landfill "Novoselki" sample was taken not from drainage ditch but from the creek at a distance 100 meters from the landfill. In the Izhora River one complex sample of sediments weighing 3 kg and consisting of 5 samples taken in one site of the river was taken. Thus, 4 samples of water and 1 sample of sediments were taken and analysed. The schemes with factual points of sampling and coordinates of the points are given in Annex 1. Sampling of water and sediments was carried out by the experts of the accredited laboratory Scientific and Production Associate Typhoon according to the coordinated Program of screening. Sampling was done in four days from November, 3 till November, 6, During sampling, the exact geographical coordinates were determined with GPS Garmin 60 CSx (USA), the reports on sampling for laboratory analysis and photography were made. The photographic material made during sampling is given in Annex 2 Laboratory analyses of water and sediments were fulfilled by a specialised accredited laboratory Scientific and Production Associate Typhoon for a huge amount of components in accordance with approved methods. Analyses for heavy metals, mercury and arsenic were fulfilled by atomicabsorptive spectrometry method. Analyses for oil were fulfilled by infrared spectrometry method. Analyses for phenols, chlorophenols and aromatic compounds were fulfilled by gas chromatography method. Analyses for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were fulfilled by highperformance liquid chromatography method.

5 Analyses for dioxins, furans, polychlorobiphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers were fulfilled by chromatographymass spectrometry method. Norms of the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) for pollutants in water of the drainage trench of landfills and bottom sediments of water objects are not determined by the normative-legal documents of the Russian Federation. In summary table there are the MAC for some pollutants in the water objects for drinking and common usage and the MAC for some pollutants in soil. The Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of contaminants in water were determined according to Hygienic Norms GN The Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of chemical substances in the water of water objects for drinking and common usage and Hygienic Norms GN The Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of chemical substances in the water of water objects for drinking and common usage. Supplements and amendments 1 to GN The Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of contaminants in soil were determined according to Hygienic Norms GN The Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of chemical substances in soil and Hygienic Norms GN «Approximate Allowed Concentrations (AAC) of chemical substances in soil (the AAC is given in parentheses). Summary table of the research results is given in Annex 3.

6 ANNEX 1 Sampling points coordinates Object Date of Geografical coordinates (WGS 84) sampling Altitude Longtitude «Ust-Tosna» ' 09.4'' 30 42' 55.0'' «Primorskaya» ' 41.3'' 30 13' 27.2'' «Novoselki» ' 55.4'' 30 09' 17.6'' «Volkhonka» ' 01.0'' 30 16' 43.5'' Izhora river (1) ' 27.5'' 30 11' 57.2'' Izhora river (2) ' 27.2'' 30 11' 57.3'' Izhora river (3) ' 27.2'' 30 11' 57.3'' Izhora river (4) ' 27.2'' 30 11' 57.4'' Izhora river (5) ' 27.1'' 30 11' 57.3'' Schemes of location of sampling points Ust-Tosna - Point for water sampling

7 Primorskaya - Point for water sampling - "Novoselki"

8 - Point for water sampling "Volkhonka" - Point for water sampling

9 Izhora river - Point for sediment sampling - location of the Gatchina landfills

10 ANNEX 2 Picture 1. Drainage trench near landfill Ust-Tosna Picture 2. Sampling near landfill Ust-Tosna

11 Picture 3, 4. Sampling near dumping area Primorskaya

12 Picture 5, 6. Sampling near landfill "Novoselki"

13 Picture 7, 8. Sampling near landfill "Volkhonka"

14 Concentration of pollutants in water ANNEX 3 Component MAC Ust-Tosna Primorskaya Novoselki Volkhonka ph 6,62 7,35 7,63 7,45 Electricity 4,89 2,98 4,90 14,75 Oil products, mg/dm3 0,3 0,32 (1,1) 0,27 0,30 0,34 (1,1) phenols, mg/dm3 0,001 0,012 (12) 0,01 (10) 0,015 (15) 0,024 (24) Heavy metals, mg/dm3 Ni 0,02 0,006 0,029 (1,5) 0,072 (3,6) 0,23 (11,5) Zn 1,0 0,045 0,012 0,016 1,1 (1,1) Cd 0,001 0, , , ,0017 (1,7) Cu 1,0 0,006 0,016 0,003 0,24 Co 0,1 < ,004 0,009 0,024 Pb 0,01 0,003 < ,006 0,045 (4,5) Cr 0,05 0,002 0,009 0,24 (5) 1,2 (24,5) Hg 0,0005 < < < ,0001 As 0,01 < ,008 0,011 (1,1) 0,029 (2,9) Chlorophenols, mg/dm3 2-chlorophenol < < < < chlorophenol < < < < chlorophenol < < < < dichlorophenol < < < < dichlorophenol < < < < trichlorophenol < < < < trichlorophenol < < < < tetrachlorophenol < < < < tetrachlorophenol 0,001 < < < < pentachlorophenol 0,009 < < < < Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), microg/dm3 naphthalene 10,0 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 acenaphthylene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 fluorene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 acenaftene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 phenatrene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 anthracene 10000,0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 fluoranthene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 pyrene <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 benzo /a/ anthracene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 chrysene <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 benzo(b)fluoranthene <0.006 < ,033 <0.006 benzo(k)fluoranthene <0.001 < ,007 <0.001 benzo(a)pyrene 0,01 <0.001 < ,009 <0.001 dibenzo /ah/ anthracene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 benzo(ghi)perylene <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 PAH, sum 0 0 0,049 0 Aromatic compounds, microg/dm3 benzene 1,0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 toluene 24,0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

15 para-, meta- xylenes, sum <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 orto- xylenes <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 izopropylbenzene <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 1,3,4-trimethylbenzene <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Chlorinated hydrocarbons, microg/dm3 vinylchloride 5,0 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 chloroethane 200,0 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 1,1-dichloroethene <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 methylenecloride <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 1,1-dichloroethane <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 2,2- dichloropropane <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 chloroform 60,0 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1,1,1-trichloroethane <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 tetrachloromethane <0.10 <0.10 < ,1-dichloropropene <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 1,2- dichloroethane 3,0 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 trichlorethene <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 1,2-dichloropropane <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 1,1,2-trichloroethane 200,0 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 tetrachloroethene 20,0 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1,3-dichloropropane <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 chlorobenzene 20,0 < ,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane <0.40 <0.40 <0.40 <0.40 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 1,2,3- trichloropropane <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 < chlorotoluene <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 < chlorotoluene <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1,3- dichlorobenzene 20,0 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1,4- dichlorobenzene <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1,2- dichlorobenzene <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene 30,0 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1,2,3- trichlorobenzene 30,0 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), ng/dm3 # Cl ,0, <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 # Cl4 77 sum <0.10 < # Cl5 123 <0.10 < # Cl5 118 <0.10 < ,0, # Cl5 114 <0.10 < sum # Cl # Cl5 126 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 # Cl6 167 <0.10 < # Cl6 156 <0.10 < # Cl6 157 <0.10 <0.10 < # Cl6 169 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 # Cl7 180 <0.10 <0.10 < # Cl7 170 <0.10 <0.10 < # Cl7 189 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 endosulfan, ng/ dm3 <0.10 <0.10 < cyanides, microg/dm3 70,0 <1.00 <

16 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), pg/dm3 BDE #17 <7.00 <7.00 <7.00 <7.00 BDE #28 < <7.00 <7.00 BDE #49 <7.00 < BDE #71 <7.00 <7.00 < BDE #47 <60.0 < BDE #66 <7.00 <7.00 <7.00 <7.00 BDE # BDE #99 <7.00 < BDE #85 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 BDE #154 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 BDE #153 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 BDE #138 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 <25.0 BDE #183 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 BDE #190 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 BDE #208 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 BDE #207 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 BDE #206 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 BDE #209 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 <100.0 hexabromecyclododecane <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 Dioxins and furans Detection Extraction,% Component limits, pg/dm3 Ust- Tosna Primorskaya Novoselki Volkhonka ( 13 С 12 )2,3,7,8-ТCDD ( 13 С 12 )2,3,7,8-ТCDF ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,7,8-PCDD ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,7,8- PCDF ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,4,7,8, HxCDF ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,4,6,7, HpCDD ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,4,6,7, HpCDF ( 13 С 12 )OCDD

17 Component I-TEF MAC, pg/dm3 concentra tion pg/dm3 Ust -Tosna Primorskaya Novoselki Volkhonka concentra concentrati concentra concentrati concentrat concentration tion, I-TEF on, pg/dm3 tion, I- on pg/dm3 ion I-TEF pg/dm3 pg/dm3 TEF pg/dm3 concentration I-TEF pg/dm3 pg/dm3 2,3,7,8- ТCDD 1.0 1,0 d.l.* - d.l.* - d.l.* - d.l.* - 1,2,3,7,8- PCDD 0.5 d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - 1,2,3,4,7,8- HxCDD 0.1 d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - 1,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDD 0.1 d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - 1,2,3,7,8,9- HxCDD 0.1 d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - 1,2,3,4,6,7, d.l. - d.l HpCDF ОCDD d.l. - d.l ,3,7,8- ТCDF 0.1 d.l. - d.l ,2,3,7,8- PCDF d.l ,3,4,7,8- PCDF d.l ,2,3,4,7,8- HxCDF d.l ,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDF d.l ,3,4,6,7,8- HxCDF 0.1 d.l. - d.l ,2,3,7,8,9- HxCDF 0.1 d.l. - d.l. - d.l ,2,3,4,6,7, d.l. - d.l HpCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8, d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - HpCDF OCDF d.l. - d.l Sum concentration, I-TEF, pg/dm3 20, Other ТCDD - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - Other ТCDF - d.l. - d.l Other PCDD - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - Other PCDF d.l Other HxCDD - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - d.l. - Other HxCDF - d.l. - d.l Other HpCDD - d.l. - d.l Other HpCDF - d.l. - d.l. - d.l I-TEF International toxicity equivalency factor d.l. lower than detection limit

18 Concentration of pollutants in sediments Component MAC(AAC) Izhora river, concentration ph 7,23 Electricity 0,19 Oil products, mg/kg 96,5 phenols, mg/kg < Heavy metals, mg/kg Ni 4,0 (80,0) 4,3 Zn 23,0 (220,0) 23,6 Cd (2,0) 2,3 (1,2) Cu 3,0 (132,0) 13,2 Co 5,0 0,8 Pb 32,0 (130,0) 2,8 Cr 6,0 10,3 (1,7) Hg 2,1 <0.003 As 2,0 (10,0) 0,5 Chlorophenols, mg/kg 4- chlorophenol < dichlorophenol < trichlorophenol <0.002 pentachlorophenol <0.002 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), microg/kg naphthalene 4,3 acenaphthylene <5.0 fluorene <2.0 acenaftene <5.0 phenatrene 8,2 anthracene <1.0 fluoranthene <1.0 pyrene <1.0 benzo /a/ anthracene <1.0 chrysene 2,4 benzo(b)fluoranthene 46,0 benzo(k)fluoranthene 4,7 benzo(a)pyrene 20,0 3,7 dibenzo /ah/ anthracene <1.0 indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene <1.0 benzo(ghi)perylene <1.0 PAH, sum 69,3 Aromatic compounds, microg/kg benzene 300,0 <5.0 toluene <5.0 para-, meta- xylenes, sum < ,0 orto- xylenes <5.0 izopropylbenzene 500,0 <5.0 1,3,4-trimethylbenzene <5.0

19 Chlorinated hydrocarbons, microg/kg vinylchloride <0.50 chloroethane <0.20 1,1-dichloroethene <0.10 methylenecloride <0.20 1,1-dichloroethane <0.20 2,2- dichloropropane <0.20 chloroform ,1,1-trichloroethane <0.15 tetrachloromethane <0.10 1,1-dichloropropene <0.30 1,2- dichloroethane <0.20 trichlorethene <0.15 1,2-dichloropropane <0.50 1,1,2-trichloroethane <0.20 tetrachloroethene <0.10 1,3-dichloropropane <0.50 chlorobenzene <0.10 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane <0.40 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane <0.30 1,2,3- trichloropropane < chlorotoluene < chlorotoluene <0.10 1,3- dichlorobenzene <0.10 1,4- dichlorobenzene <0.10 1,2- dichlorobenzene <0.10 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene <0.10 1,2,3- trichlorobenzene <0.10 Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), microg/dm3 # Cl4 81 <0.01 # Cl4 77 <0.01 # Cl5 123 <0.01 # Cl # Cl5 114 <0.01 # Cl # Cl5 126 <0.01 # Cl6 167 <0.01 # Cl6 156 <0.01 # Cl6 157 <0.01 # Cl6 169 <0.01 # Cl7 180 <0.01 # Cl7 170 <0.01 # Cl7 189 <0.01 endosulfan, microg / kg 0.25 cyanides, mg/kg Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), ng/kg BDE #17 <1.00 BDE #28 <1.00 BDE # BDE #71 <1.00

20 BDE # BDE # BDE # BDE # BDE #85 <3.00 BDE #154 <3.00 BDE # BDE #138 <3.00 BDE #183 <5.00 BDE #190 <5.00 BDE #208 <10.0 BDE #207 <10.0 BDE #206 <10.0 BDE #209 <10.0 hexabromecyclododecane <10.0 Dioxins and furans Component Detection limits, pg/g Extraction,% ( 13 С 12 )2,3,7,8-ТCDD ( 13 С 12 )2,3,7,8-ТCDF ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,7,8-PCDD ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,7,8- PCDF ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,6,7, HxCDD ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,4,7,8, HxCDF ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,4,6,7, HpCDD ( 13 С 12 )1,2,3,4,6,7, HpCDF ( 13 С 12 )OCDD Izhora river Component I-TEF concentration, pg/g concentration, I-TEF pg/g 2,3,7,8- ТCDD 1.0 d.l. - 1,2,3,7,8- PCDD 0.5 d.l. - 1,2,3,4,7,8- HxCDD 0.1 d.l. - 1,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDD 0.1 d.l. - 1,2,3,7,8,9- HxCDD 0.1 d.l. - 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- HpCDF 0.01 d.l. - ОCDD d.l. - 2,3,7,8- ТCDF 0.1 d.l. -

21 1,2,3,7,8- PCDF 0.05 d.l. - 2,3,4,7,8- PCDF 0.5 d.l. - 1,2,3,4,7,8- HxCDF 0.1 d.l. - 1,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDF 0.1 d.l. - 2,3,4,6,7,8- HxCDF 0.1 d.l. - 1,2,3,7,8,9- HxCDF 0.1 d.l. - 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- HpCDF 0.01 d.l. - 1,2,3,4,7,8,9- HpCDF 0.01 d.l. - OCDF d.l. - Sum concentration, I-TEF, pg/g - Other ТCDD - d.l. - Other ТCDF - d.l. - Other PCDD - d.l. - Other PCDF - d.l. - Other HxCDD - d.l. - Other HxCDF - d.l. - Other HpCDD - d.l. - Other HpCDF - d.l. - I-TEF International toxicity equivalency factor d.l. lower than detection limit Сoncentrations which higher than the permitted limits are designated in boldface (2) - the red number in the brackets shows, are by how many times exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations