Environmental Protection Policies and Institutional Framework in Water Resources Management of Viet Nam

Transcription

1 MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT Environmental Protection Policies and Institutional Framework in Water Resources Management of Viet Nam Dr. Truong Manh Tien, Director of the Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment (ISPONRE) Hanoi, February 2007 Contents 1. Water in Viet Nam 2. Environment protection Policy Framework in Water Resources Management 3. Institutional Framework of Water Resources Management 4. Recommendation

2 1. Water in Viet Nam Water Resources rivers with a length of more than 10 km. - About two thirds of Vietnam s water resources originate outside the country. - All the rivers traversing Vietnam provide an abundant supply of water (255 bill. m3 annually). However, inadequate physical infrastructure and financial capacity results in a low utilization of only 53 bill. m3 per year. - Groundwater resources are abundant estimated at nearly 60 billion m3 per year. Source: Environmental State Report 2003, MONRE

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4 Water Quality - There is increasing evidence of pollution of surface, ground and coastal waters. Although the quality of upstream river waters is generally good, downstream sections of major rivers reveal poor water quality - Most of the lakes and canals in urban areas are fast becoming sewage sinks. - Groundwater shows pockets of contamination and some salinity intrusion. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in coastal areas, port and marine transport development, expansion in coastal tourism, and an increase in the number of oil spills contribute to the deterioration of coastal water quality. Source: Environmental State Report 2003, MONRE

5 Rivers Water Quality (TSS) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE Rivers Water Quality (BOD 5 ) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE

6 Rivers Water Quality (NH 4+ ) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE Rivers Water Quality (Coliform) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE

7 Coastal Water Quality (TSS) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE Coastal Water Quality (NO 2- ) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE

8 Coastal Water Quality (Zn) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE Coastal Water Quality (Coiform) Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE

9 Wastewater - To the beginning of 2005, there are 3,110,000 m 3 domestic, medical and industrial wastewater everyday. - Annually there are 1,135,150,000 m3 wastewater including: - 64% domestic - 32% industrial - 4% medical Source: Environmental State Report 2005, MONRE Wastewater Economic zone North Central City CÈm Ph, H¹ Long, H i Phßng, å S n µ N½ng, Thõa Thiªn HuÕ, Qu ng Nam, Qu ng Ng i Domestic wastewater (m3/day) Industrial wastewater (m3/day) South TP. Hå ChÝ Minh, Bµ RÞa-Vòng Tµu Total Nguån: Environmental State Report 2003, MONRE

10 Wastewater pollution Drainage canal Tan Phu Lo Gom in HCM City Hoa Khanh IZ wastewater (Da Nang)

11 Tại đập Thanh Liệt, mỗi ngày đêm có ít nhất m3 nước thải bẩn như thế này từ nhánh sông Tô Lịch đổ vào sông Nhuệ. (Viện Quy hoạch Thủy lợi) 2. Environmental Protection Policy Framework

12 Environmental Protection Policies related to Water Resources Law on Environmental Protection 2005 National Strategy for Environmental Protection until 2010 with vision toward 2020 signed by Prime Minister on 02/12/2003. Directive 41/CT-TW of the Politburo of the VCP Decree 67/2003/ND-CP on wastewater charge Law of Water Resources National Strategy on Water Resources to 2020 Directive 200/TTg on guaranteeing clean water and rural environmental sanitation Enforcement policies Law on Environmental Protection 2005 Chapter VII:Protection of marine environment, river water and other water resources: Protection of Marine Environment: - Principles of Marine Environment Protection; - Conservation and Rational Use of Marine Natural Resources; - Control and Treatment of Marine Environmental Pollution; - Organization of Prevention of, and Response to, Marine Environmental Incidents;

13 Law on Environmental Protection 2005 Chapter VII:Protection of marine environment, river water and other water resources: Protection of River Water: - Principles of River Water Protection; - Water Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment in River Basins; - Responsibilities of Provincial People s Committees for Water Environmental Protection in River Basins; - Organization of Water Environment Protection in River Basins Law on Environmental Protection 2005 Chapter VII:Protection of marine environment, river water and other water resources: Environmental Protection of Other Water Resources: - Environmental Protection of Water Resources in Lakes, Ponds, Canals and Ditches - Environmental Protection of Reservoirs for Irrigation and Hydropower Purposes - Environmental Protection of Ground Water Resources Chapter VIII:Wastes Management: Wastewater Management: - Wastewater Collection and Treatment - Wastewater Treatment Systems

14 National Strategy on Environmental Protection to 2010 with vision toward The Strategy has emphasized the significance of development of an appropriate legislation on water resources management and management of river basins - Other technical measures such as rehabilitation and embankment of rivers have also been indicated by the Strategy to improve water environment. National Strategy on Environmental Protection to 2010 with vision toward 2020 Specific Objectives To 2020: - 100% urban centers, industrial parks and exportprocessing zones to be provided with centered waste treatment systems that measure up to environmental standards - 100% of the urban population and 95% of the rural population have access to clean drinking water supplies To 2010: - 40% of urban centers, 70% of industrial parks and exportprocessing zones to be provided with centered waste treatment systems that measure up to environmental standards

15 National Strategy on Environmental Protection to 2010 with vision toward 2020 NSEP Programs related to Water Resources Management Program Priority Completion time ranking Rehabilitation of seriously polluted & High 2010 for 1 st phase degraded urban canals, ponds, lakes & river sections. Cau River Basin Environmental Protection Highest 2010 for 1 st phase Nhue-Day River Basin Environmental Highest 2010 for 1 st phase Protection Saigon-DongNai River Basin Environmental Highest 2010 for 1 st phase Protection National Targets for Rural Clean Drinking Higher 2010 for 1 st phase Water Supply & Environmental Sanitation Upgrading of urban drainage systems & Higher 2010 for 1 st phase construction of centered wastewater treatment systems Construction of centered wastewater treatment systems meeting environmental standards in all industrial parks Higher 2010 for 1 st phase Economic Instruments for Environmental Protection Directive 41/CT-TW of the Politburo of VCP: From 2006 to allocate at least 1% of the state budget expenditure (~3,500 bill. VND) for environmental protection. This directive has been applied with the Decision No 34/2005/QD-TTg by the Prime Minister. Decree 67/2003/ND-CP on wastewater charge system: effective from 01/01/2004: until now more than 200 bill.vnd has been collected, transferred to VEF and allocated to DONREs for wastewater improvement projects in provinces.

16 Law on Water Resources 1999 Crucial role of the Law is the chapter 2 protection of water resources, which stipulated various regulations on protection of underground and surface water. The discharge into water systems of toxic waste and waste water that has not been treated to meet required standard stipulated in the environmental protection legislation is prohibited. National Strategy on Water Resources to 2020 Objectives: Protect, efficiently exploit and develop the national water resources. Tasks: -Strengthen protection water resources and eco-systems -Ensure sustainability and efficiency in exploitation, usage of water resources - Sustainably develop water resources - Reduce the damage caused by water - Complete legislation system - Strengthen capacity for survey, research, technology development. Program/Projects: 18 programs

17 Directive 200/TTg Directive 200/TTg dated April 29, 1994 of Prime Minister on Guaranteeing Clean Water and Rural Environmental Sanitation: Prohibiting discharging untreated wastewater from different sources (households, hospitals, industrial) into water resources at downstream and estuaries. Using of fresh manure as fish feed in rivers, springs, and public ponds and lakes is also prohibited. In the households that develop VAC (garden-pond-animal housing) model (fish feeding by manure), the use water from fishponds for washing is strictly forbidden. Policy Enforcement Decree 81/2006/ND-CP on fines on administrative violations: Maximum fine imposed on breaches of environmental regulations could reach to 70,000,000 VND (~4500 USD). With regards to wastewater and pollutants discharge into water resources fines are fixed from 100,000 to 70,000,000 VND (~7 4,500USD) depending on the pollution level or whether containing hazardous and radioactive substances.

18 Policy Enforcement Criminal Code, 1999: Individuals who caused pollution to water resources could be fined from 10,000,000 VND to 100,000,000 VND ( USD). If caused serious consequences the violator could be sentenced to 2-7 year prison. If caused extremely serious consequences, 5-10 year prison could be sentenced. Violators could also be fined from 5,000,000 10,000,000 VND ( USD) and forbidden to practice their professions for 1-5 years. Policy Enforcement Vietnamese Standards System TCVN: there have been set up a system of 31 discharging standards including wastewater, air, and noise, which are compulsory to every enterprise and production unit to comply. - TCVN 5942:1995: for surface water quality - TCVN 5943:1995: for coastal water quality - TCVN 5944:1995: for underground water quality - TCVN 5945:2005: for wastewater quality

19 3. Institutional Framework Institutional Framework Vertical sectoral structure MONRE DWRM DOE VEPA DAEIA DONRE - Provincial Level Section of NRE - District Level Environmental Officers - Commune Level

20 Institutional Framework Functions of MONRE agencies: - DWRM: Water Resources management - DOE: Environmental policies, legislation, strategies, plan and environmental standards - DAEIA: Appraisal of SEA and EIA - VEPA: Operational agency Institutional Framework Horizontal inter-sectoral structure Ministry MONRE MARD MOI MOC MoTr MOFi MOH MPI MOF Responsibility Overall management on water resources Management of typhoon and flood protection, irrigation, clean water supply and sanitation in rural area Construction and operation of hydro-power plants Spatial planning and construction of drainage system Planning, construction and management of waterway transport system Protection and exploitation of fishery resources Management of domestic water quality Preparation of plan and investment for water sector Set up policies on tax and charges of water resources

21 Institutional Framework National Water Resources Council (NWRC) and Boards for River Basin Planning and Management (RBO) for Red River Thai Binh, Dong Nai and Cuu Long basins have also been established. 4. Recommendations

22 Recommendations - To successfully and efficiently implement policy/legislations on water resources management. It is very important to successfully implement the LEP 2005, programs in the National strategy for water resources management to 2020 and the National Strategy for Environmental Protection up to 2010 and vision to A successful implementation of waterrelated programs would guarantee good achievements of environmental protection in water resources management. Recommendations - To develop management of water resources by river basin. Guidance for implementation and sufficient resources to the three Boards should be provided so that they can begin to function as model units for future replication in the country. - To strengthen international cooperation in water resources management. Regional cooperation with Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and China needs to be strengthened for an optimal utilization and management.

23 Recommendations - To improve the policy enforcement in the country. The inspection of implementation and compliance with environmental regulations needs to be strengthened both in financial investment and professional aspects. Training of staff, officials at local level is also an important measure. - To promote propaganda, education and public awareness of environmental protection responsibility of people living in the water resources area. This measure would help policy to be implemented voluntarily. - To promote introduction of economic instruments to contribute to environmental protection in water resources management. To implement successfully Decree 67/2003/ND-CP on wastewater charge system in the whole country. Thank you for your attention!