In the Name of Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful. 1 of 35

Transcription

1 In the Name of Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful 1 of 35

2 Performance Evaluation of Integrated Sustainable Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment A Case Study Prof. Dr. Hamza Farooq Gabriel hfgabriel2001@yahoo.com Director RCWTTI / HoD (WRE&M) National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PAKISTAN INTER-REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION FOR UPSCALING INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM) AND ECOHYDROLOGY AS TOOLS FOR ACHIEVING WATER SECURITY IN AFRICA January 2017, Abuja - Nigeria

3 HAZARDS OF UNTREATED WATER Pollutes flowing water in channels Pollutes the underground aquifers Foods produced from untreated waste water poses serious health risks 3

4 Major Contaminants in Wastewater Physical Suspended Solids Dissolved Solids Biological Pathogens (Bacteria, Viruses etc) Others Refractory Organics Heavy Metals Primary Pollutants

5 VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATING WASTEWATER More than 70 techniques used worldwide Activated Sludge systems Biofilters (FILTER Filteration & Irrigated Cropping for Land Treatment & Effluent Reuse) Bioreactors Constructed wetlands Diffuser Electrolysis Floatation Ion exchange Media Filter Membrane Bioreactor Retention Basin Sedimentation Tank 5

6 LIMITATIONS High Initial Capital Cost Energy Intensive High Maintenance and Operational Costs Some Techniques yet not mature enough for field applications 6

7 Conventional Treatment Methods Trickling Filter Conventional Methods Anaerobic System Activated Sludge Septic Tanks Activated Carbon Absorption

8 Sustainable Eco-technologies (Natural Systems) Constructed Wetlands A natural system that; Utilizes ability of various flora and fauna and relies on biological transformation It is Engineered system with basic principle of phytoremediation FILTER Can be categorized as a rapid, controlled flow hybrid system. That combines some of the hydraulic flow characteristics and wastewater renovation process of the slow infiltration, soil-aquifer system (SAT) and overland flow systems.

9 Comparative Advantages Conventional Systems High construction cost Operational difficulties Waste management Maintenance issues Natural Systems (Ecotechnologies) Environmental friendly Cost effective Low or zero energy requirement Onsite treatment PKR (millions) Depreciation Cost Electricity Cost Chemical Cost Conventional Wastewater Sludge Transport and Disposal Treatment Cost Administrative Cost 0.24 Maintenance and Repair Bioremediation Technology (NARC, 2013)

10 Application of Integrated Sustainable Eco-technologies at NUST Islamabad Campus UNESCO entrusted RCWTTI established at NUST Institute of Civil Engineering (NICE) to practically demonstrate the use of ecotechnologies at its Islamabad Campus Wastewater generated from offices, student hostels and staff residential colony located at NUST Islamabad Campus is led towards a Sedimentation Tank and then to a Constructed Wetland (comprising of eight compartments) where wastewater quality is improved through bioremediation The quality of effluent from the Constructed Wetland is further improved by use of FILTER (Filtration and Irrigated cropping for Land Treatment and Effluent Reuse) technique 10

11 Flow Chart Sewerage Water Sedimentation Tank To Remove Solid Waste & Scum Constructed WetLand Primary Treatment FILTER Secondary Treatment Storage Tank Reuse for Horticulture Friday, July 14,

12 12

13 Location: Northern Corner of NUST H-12 Campus, Islamabad at Latitude , and Longitude Treatment Capacity: 50,000 75,000 Gallons/Day Study Site Sedimentation Tank: Detention Period : Constructed Wetland: 35 ft x 12 ft x 6 ft. 3 4 hours 120 ft. x 100 ft. (8 x compartments each of 22 ft. x 50 ft.) Emergent/floating/ submergent vegetation: FILTER: 120 ft. x 170 ft Cost of Project: USD $ 65,000 Project Sponsored By: Typha, Water lettuce, Common Reed, Duckweed, etc. UNESCO

14 14

15 Introduction to FILTER FILTER (Filtration and Irrigated Cropping for Land Treatment and Effluent Reuse) technique was developed at CSIRO in Australia. It has been successfully tested both in Australia and China. Wastewater can be treated in a relatively small area of land with selected crops so that pollution of agricultural produce and health risks due to large-scale wastewater irrigation can be prevented The FILTER technique combines using the nutrient rich effluent or wastewater for intensive annual cropping It provides wastewater treatment throughout the year, thereby eliminating the need for expensive wastewater storage The treated wastewater can be reused for irrigation or discharged to water bodies meeting the EPA requirements 15

16 16

17 Salient Features of FILTER Size of FILTER: 120 ft. x 170 ft. FILTER Design Parameters: Drainage Coefficient = 0.5 inches/day Tile Drain (Lateral) Diameter = 4 inches Tile Drain Depth = 3 ft Depth to Restrictive Layer (LDPE) = 5 ft Minimum Water Table Depth = 1 ft Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity = 0.24 ft/day Drain Spacing = 15 ft. 17

18 18

19 19

20 20

21 WASTE WATER TREATMENT Detailed Before Project After Project Completion Sewage Inlet Sedimentation Tank 21

22 WASTE WATER TREATMENT Wetlands before Plantation Wetlands after Plantation Aquatic Plants Wetland Effluent 22

23 WASTE WATER TREATMENT Tile Drains in FILTER Detailed FILTER in operation Treated Water for Horticulture Storage Tank 23

24 24

25 RESULTS 36 Temperature Temperature ( 0 C) Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Average Monthly Temperature Profile

26 ph Profile Inlet Outlet EPA Limits: 6-9 PH PH Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Average Monthly Profile of ph

27 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) DO (mg/l) Dissolved Oxygen Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Inlet Outlet %age Efficiency %age Efficiency Average Monthly Percentage Increase in Dissolved Oxygen

28 TDS (mg/l) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Total Dissolved Solids EPA Limits: 3500 mg/l Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Inlet Outlet %age Efficiency %age Efficiency Average Monthly Percentage Decrease in Total Dissolved Solids

29 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) TSS (mg/l) Total Suspended Solids EPA Limits: 150 mg/l Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Inlet Outlet %age Efficiency %age Efficiency Average Monthly Percentage Decrease in Total Suspended Solids

30 Total Phosphates (TP) TP (mg/l) Total Phosphate EPA Limits: 10 mg/l Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Inlet Outlet %age Efficiency %age Efficiency Average Monthly Percentage Decrease in Total Phosphates

31 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Chemical Oxygen Demand EPA Limits: 150 mg/l 95.0 COD (mg/l) %age Efficiency 0.0 Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Inlet Outlet %age Efficiency 75.0 Average Monthly Percentage Decrease in Chemical Oxygen Demand

32 Total Coliforms (TC) Total Coliforms (Monthly Profile) 120 CFU/100ml %age Efficiency 1.0 Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Inlet Outlet Efficiency % 0 Average Monthly Percentage Decrease in Total Coliforms

33 Fecal Coliforms (FC) Fecal Coliforms (Monthly Profile) 120 CFU/100ml %age Efficiency 1.0 Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Months Inlet Outlet Efficiency % 0 Average Monthly Percentage Decrease in Fecal Coliforms

34 34

35 Conclusions The monitoring of eco technologies shows that their general performance was good and they successfully reduced contaminants. The results indicate that if eco technologies are appropriately designed and operated, they can be used for secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment under local conditions, successfully. Sustainable eco technologies can be used instead of expensive mechanized wastewater treatment plants, especially in developing countries as they are cheaper, robust and easy to operate. 35

36 As the treated wastewater is satisfactorily meeting the US EPA Limits / Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) and thus it can be used for horticulture & replenishing underlying groundwater aquifer. Reduction of health hazards Improved ecology of surrounding environment Conservation of stressed ground water aquifer Gravity flow results in Zero Energy required for operation Zero Waste as collected solids usable as fertilizer 36

37 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY THANK YOU 37