German Center for Energy Resources

Transcription

1 German Center for Energy Resources Innovative Initiative for the New German Countries Technologies after the Peak Oil Dr.-Ing. Heiner Gutte TU Bergakademie Freiberg I Institut für Energieverfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen Reiche Zeche I Freiberg I Tel. +49(0)3731/ I Fax +49(0)3731/ info@virtuhcon.de I Web

2 Overview Aim: Technologies for the non-energetic use of fossil and biogenic fuels Objective: Energy supplies security do to sustainable Energy-Recourse-Concepts Reach technological leadership in non-energetic coal utilisation Bundling national Competences for Energy-Recourses (20 leading scientific and industrial organisations) Establish a national centre of excellence Duration: Phase I: 01/ /2014 Structure: 25 scientists and 15 technicians in 3 technical and 2 management research fields Lead by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Meyer and Prof. Dr. Michael Nippa Funding: Budget: 15 Mill EURO 60 % funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research 40 % co-funded by companies 2

3 DER Partner 3

4 DER Structure and Research Fields German Center for Energy Resources (DER) Technical Research Management Research of Fuels Development of Innovative Materials Development of Innovative Gasification Processes Cooperation Platform, Research Network Professional School 4

5 Development of Innovative Gasification Processes Gasification - Key Processes Feeding System Preheating of Fuels Particle Decomposition Continues lock-less highpressure feeding system for gasifieres Alternative feeding systems Influence of High Pressure Feeding on Gasification Feeding System designed for 1300 C and 80 bar Feeding Properties e. g. Briquetting Increasing the Cold-Gas- Efficiency Decrease Oxygen Consumption Reduction of Process-, Reaction and Mean Residence Times Decrease of process-related CO 2 -Emissions Gas-Solid-Contact Particle-Movement Particle-Distribution Reactive Flow in the System Gas-Solid-Liquid (Interface to Virtuhcon) 5

6 Development of Innovative Gasification Processes Decomposition of Particles 6

7 High temperature materials Special Ceramics and Testing Al 2 O 3 -Oxide-Basis Al 2 O 3 + Slag (Slag-Stone) Al 2 O 3 + ZrO 2 and TiO 2 Al 2 O 3 + Na 2 O (ß-Alumina) Al 2 O 3 + MgO (Spinel AR 87) Al 2 O 3 + CaO (CA6 Hibonit) Al 2 O 3 + K 2 O + SiO 2 (KAlSiO 4 ) MgO- and CaO-Basis MgO + ZrO 2,MgO+ Y 2 O 3 MgO + C (MgO-C-Ceramic with Protect-Layer) CaZrO 3,CaTiO 3 Non-Oxides AlN SiC F Temperature: 1600 C Pressure: 30 bar Gas: CO, H 2, H 2 O, CH 4, CO 2, Ar, (Alkali) Creep Tests Exposure Conditions 7

8 Petrography Constitution Usability (a) Two-Component-System immobile macromolecular Network and mobile embedded Molecules with different Structure, (b) Huminit, (c) Inertinite, (d) Liptinite, (e) C(CP-MAS)-NMR-Spektra 8

9 Methods Chemical Methods Conventional: IR, NMR, Fluid Chromatography High Resolution Methods: 2D Gas Chromatography, FT-ICR-MS Product Spectra in solid, liquid and gaseous Samples of Coal and Biomass Gas Chromatography: ESI-, APCI-, APPI-, MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Determination of Reaction Mechanisms IR - Infrared Spectroscopy, NMR - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, FT-ICR-MS - Fourier Transformations - Ion Cyclotron Resonance -Mass Spectrometry, ESI - Elektrospray-Ionisation, APCI - Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization, APPI - Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization, MALDI - Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization 9

10 FT-ICR-MS-Principle Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR) Deflexion of generated Ions due to magnetic Fields on circular paths Ionic Frequency f A just depends on the Mass/Charge-Ratio m=e (2) und (3) Fourier Transformation (FT): Parallel Measurement of different Mass/Charge-Ratios m=e, Translation in time- and frequency depended Functions Mass Spectra 10

11 FT-ICR-MS - High Accuracy in Determination of Frequency f A High Resolution and Accuracy in Mass Detection - Now Determination of Microstructure on a Molecular Level - Structure Analysis of unknown Organics in Coals and Biomasses - Characterization of different bonds of Carbon in Coals and Biomasses - Derivation of Reaction Mechanisms by Disentanglement of Molecules during Structure-Transformation 11

12 FT-ICR-MS 12

13 MALDI 13

14 Graphite 14 Raw Material Selection Anthracite Semi-Anthrazite Low Volatil Bitum. Medium Volatil Bitum. High Volatile Bituminous Subbitouminous Lignite Peat Biomass Fuel Classes, Coalification, C-H-ratio, Vitrinit-Reflexion Amount of Samples

15 Features petrological, chemical, mineral, structural FT-ICR, NMR, IR, ESI, APCI, APPI, MALDI, GC-MS, Petrology, Minerals, Ash/Slag- Systems Feature Space for Coals and Biomasses Biomass 15 Samples, Features xyz Anthracite Sub-Bitouminous Coals Fuel Classes, Coalification, C-H-ratio, Vitrinit-Reflexion

16 Data-based Modelling 16