Low Cost, Seasonal Aerosol Pathogen Control

Transcription

1 Low Cost, Seasonal Aerosol Pathogen Control A Guide on Cool Cell Biosecurity

2 Neogen Corporate Profile - Animal Safety Neogen Corporate Profile Founded in 1982, Neogen Corporation (NASDAQ: NEOG) has grown to be a worldwide presence with more than 1,600 employees in multiple U.S. and international locations. Neogen develops, manufactures and markets a diverse line of products dedicated to food and animal safety. Neogen s Lexington, Ky.-based Animal Safety Division develops and markets a complete line of diagnostics, veterinary instruments, veterinary pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, insecticides, disinfectants, rodenticides, and genomic solutions. The company s Lansing, Mich.-based Food Safety Division develops and markets dehydrated culture media, and rapid diagnostic test kits to detect foodborne bacteria, spoilage organisms, mycotoxins, food allergens, genetic modifications, drug residues, plant diseases, and sanitation concerns. Animal Safety Division Cleaning and Disinfecting Products Neogen s acquisition of Preserve International in 2016 further broadens the comprehensive list of preventative animal health disinfectant and cleaner products Neogen can offer to animal producers and veterinary clinics. Veterinary Instruments and Supplies Neogen s Ideal Instruments subsidiary is a leading developer of precision veterinary drug delivery instruments to help minimize drug residues in meat and milk supplies. The company s line of patented detectable needles greatly lessens the chance that a broken needle would ever arrive on a dinner plate. Animal Genomics Neogen s GeneSeek subsidiary is the leading commercial agricultural genetics laboratory in the United States. The technology utilizes high-resolution DNA genotyping for identity and trait analysis of a variety of important animal species, including swine and cattle. odent Control Products Neogen s proven line of rodenticides is used for effective control of rodent infestations and is often a critical component of an overall biosecurity plan. Insect Control Products The company s Chem-Tech subsidiary produces highly effective insecticides that utilize environmentally friendly technical formulas, several of which are approved for use in food establishments. Drug esidue Diagnostics Neogen is the leader in the production of diagnostic kits for the detection of drugs in animals. These kits are used extensively to ensure the integrity of animal racing, and protect consumers from drug residues. Veterinary Performance and Companion Animal Products Neogen s animal safety efforts extend to both sides of the farm gate with safety solutions for performance and companion animals. The company manufactures and markets pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and diagnostic products.

3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Maintaining Evaporative Cool Cell 3 Alternative, Low Cost, Biosecurity Strategy 5 esearch Studies and Field Trials 6 Safety Studies 7 Product Information It is the nature of man to find cure more compelling than prevention - the guy who solves the problem gets much more credit than the guy who prevents the problem from occurring - But in the science of Biology, prevention is the best measure against disease. Dr. Harry Moberly Dekalb Swine Breeders,

4 Low Cost, Seasonal Aerosol Pathogen Control Air filtration has been the gold standard in reducing the risk of airborne transmission of pathogens. However, solely relying on these filters as the operation s only means of preventing the spread of aerosolized pathogens is costly and may impact airflow during high usage periods such as the warm summer months. eplacing air filters to help improve cooling efficiency and airflow is not the economic choice. But, protecting these filters with an alternative, low cost strategy can continue to help prevent the introduction of disease causing pathogens entering the operation, increase cooling efficiency, improve airflow, and prolong the life of these expensive mitigation tools. Using evaporative cooling pads or the cool cell pad, producers can maximize cooling, improve airflow, and establish the first line of defense against aerosolized pathogens. However, cool cells can become contaminated with mineral scale, organic build up, and bacteria and viruses. Seasonal cleaning of the cool cell system should occur prior to the system being turned on. After the cool cell system has been adequately cleaned and descaled, charging the pads with a disinfectant will be the next step to provide ample aerosolized biosecurity. For tailored maintenance and disinfecting programs, flip to pages 4-8 for more information. The First Line of Defense Contaminated air from environment educed contamination from 1st layer Further reduction after 2nd layer Untreated Evaporative Cool Cell Air Filter Did You Know? Many pathogens can travel from one site to another through the air on particles like dust, mucus, and fecal material. PSv and M.hyo have been know to travel up to 9.2 km. 1,2 To help reduce these pathogens from entering a herd, building barriers such as treated evaporative cool cell pads and air filters have been shown to reduce biology in the air. 3,4 3

5 3 Maintaining Evaporative Cool Cell Seasonal cleaning and descaling of cool cell pads can lead to increased cooling efficiency and extend the life of the pad by helping prevent and control the risk of contamination, and scale and organic build up. Lowering the ph within the cool cell with a detergent, such as Barnstorm, can be very effective to prevent scale buildup and remove accumulation once it has formed. When identifying the appropriate chemistry, strong mineral acids may effectively lower the ph, but they are corrosive to equipment and can be dangerous to handle. Using an organic acid based detergent, like Barnstorm, is safer and will not cause damage to the equipment or cool cell pads. Clean and Descale Cool Cell Pads: The typical cool cell pad is loaded with scale build-up or calcification. This scale creates dry spots which reduce absorption, obstructs airflow, and inhibits cooling. We recommend Barnstorm Detergent for the cleaning and descaling of cool cell pads. Barnstorm is a unique product, combining both high foaming organic acids with descaling mineral acids. Barnstorm may be applied in two ways: Manual Cleaning of Evaporative Cool Cell Pads: 1 Apply Barnstorm Detergent to entire pad through low pressure or foaming apparatus at a rate of 1:30 (4 oz. per gallon) Wait Allow to remain in contact with pad for minutes oz Barnstorm 1 gal water 4 oz of Barnstorm per 1 gallon of Water 3inse with low pressure, being careful not to damage or tear pads. Did You Know? Water contains minerals that vary in abundance depending on the water source and geographic area. Minerals that can be found in water include calcium, N iron, + and manganese and can crystalize and build up on surfaces, create a culture media for bacteria, or create foul tasting water. ph of water also increases when water evaporates, creating a more hospitable environment for biology, and reducing the life of the pads. 4

6 Applying Barnstorm to Holding Tank Wait 1 to 2 hours Holding Tank Applying Barnstorm to holding tank: 1. Add 2 oz per gallon (1:64) of Barnstorm to the holding tank. *It will take about 4 minutes for the pads to be charged. 2. Allow pumps to run for at least one to two hours. - unning longer will not harm the pad. 3. Turn off pump 4. inse pads with low pressure sprayer from inside. 5. inse pads with low pressure sprayer from outside. 6. Flush system with fresh water. 5

7 How Synergize Cool Works in the Evaporative Cool Cell Because HEPA filters are costly, and cooling during the summer months is difficult, a low-cost alternative was needed to reduce the risk of aerosolized pathogens entering barns. esearchers at the University of Minnesota Swine Disease Eradication Center (SDEC) developed an intervention protocol to inactivate MLV PSv vaccine by passing through a cool cell pad impregnated with Synergize Cool Disinfectant in less than one minute, and continued to deactivate for 72 hours as determined by PC air sampling. To apply this study in a commercial setting, first determine whether Synergize Cool will be applied as manually or automated. How Synergize Cool Works in the Evaporative Cool Cell Contaminated air Treated from environment Evaporative Cool Cell Inactivated Pathogens Synergize Cool interferes with the biology s exterior wall, causing leakage of cell contents, structural damage to important molecules within the cell and as a result, death and/or inactivation of the biology.

8 Alternative, Low Cost Biosecurity Strategy during Warm Weather Manual Application of Synergize Cool At a dilution of 1:128 (1 oz. per gallon), medicate Synergize Cool into a holding tank. To best simulate the conditions of the research study, saturation of a 5 x 40 cool cell pad would require approximately 128 gallons of water and 128 ounces of Synergize Cool (1 gallon). This process would then be repeated every 72 hours to maintain disinfection levels. Pad Size will determine saturation and inclusion levels*: Pad Size Dimension Gallons of Water Gallons of Synergize Cool 5 x gals 64 oz. (1/2 gal) 5 x gals 128 oz. (1 gal) 5 x gals 150 oz. (1.5 gals) 5 x gals 256 oz.(2 gals) 5 x gals 300 oz. (2.5 gals) *Charge the system with one quart of Synergize Cool for every 10 feet of pad width Manual Application of Synergize Cool 40 Wait 1 to 2 hours Wait 1 to 2 hours 5 1. Add Synergize Cool at 1 oz per gallon (1:128) of H 2 O to the holding tank. *It will take about 4 minutes for the pads to be charged. 2. eapply every 72 hours. 128 gallon H 2 O Holding Tank 1 gallon (128 oz) of Synergize Cool 7

9 Automated Application of Synergize Cool Etatron eone MF (model 1505) will inject Synergize Cool at a rate of 32 oz. per 10 feet* of evaporative cool cell pad. The pump will be triggered by a weekly timer set to turn the pump on as described below. For every 10 feet of evaporative cooling pad, the timer will need to energize the pump for 4 minutes. This injection will happen every 56 hours** to maintain the proper level of Synergize Cool in the sump. 1. Set Etatron eone MF injection pump at a of 1:128 (1 oz. per gallon) -Pump will be triggered by timer every 56 hours * A conservative approximation on the volume of water housed in each 10 feet of evaporative cooling system will hold 32 gallons of water. To maintain the 1 ounce per gallon dilution utilized in the research, 32 ounces will be added to each 10 feet of evaporative pad length. **56 hours was selected based on practical application of the research in a farm environment versus a laboratory setting. Manual filling can be done after flushes of the cooling system or draining for any reason. Pump Settings: The injection schedule will be based on 3 separate events in the timer. (Figure 1) - EVENT 1: Will begin at 5:00, Monday, and will run for the necessary amount of time (for a 20 foot pad, the off time would be 5:38). - EVENT 2: Will begin at 13:00, Wednesday, and will run for the necessary amount of time (for a 20 foot pad, the off time would be 13:38). - EVENT 3: Will begin at 21:00, Friday, and will run for the necessary amount of time (for a 20 foot pad the off time would be 21:38). Figure 1 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday EVENT 1 5:00-5:38 EVENT 2 13:00-13:38 EVENT 3 21:00-21:38 Automated Application of Synergize Cool 40 Wait 1 to 2 hours Wait 1 to 2 hours 5 1. Set Etatron eone MF injection pump to 1:128 - Pump will be triggered every 56 hours *You need 3.2 gallons of water to saturate 1 foot of pad (that is 3.2 oz of Synergize Cool per foot) 128 gallon H 2 O Holding Tank Synergize Cool Cell 8

10 esearch Studies and Field Trials e-evaluation of a low-cost protocol for reducing the risk of aerosol spread of PS virus Andrea Pitkin 1, BS, MS; Scott Dee 1, DVM, PhD, Dip ACVM; Stuart Heller 2 BS 1 University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota; 2 Preserve International, Atlanta, Georgia Introduction Air filtration (MEV 16 filter) can significantly reduce the risk of aerosol transmission of PSV under controlled field conditions (Pitkin and others 2009). However, due to cost, this filtration system has not always been feasible for use in commercial swine herds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to further evaluate the disinfectant evaporative cooling system protocol (D-EVAP), a low cost approach for reducing the risk of airborne spread of PSV (Dee and others 2009). Specific aims were: 1. to determine the point in time when PSV inactivation occurred during the D-EVAP protocols and 2. to determine the duration of disinfectant activity in the D-EVAP system. Materials and methods This study used a dual (donor-recipient) chamber model complete with an evaporative cooling system whose water source was spiked with a 0.8% solution of 26% quaternary ammonium/7% glutaraldehyde (Dee and others 2009). The donor chamber contained a cold fog mister capable of producing artificial PSV aerosols using MLV PSV vaccine (Boehringer-Ingelheim) at a concentration of TCID50/L. A 1m duct connected the chambers and contained the evaporative cooling pad continuously bathed with disinfectant at a 0.8% concentration. A fan inside the duct pulled air at 400 fpm from the donor chamber, through the treated pad, exhausting it into the recipient chamber which contained a cyclonic collector (Midwest Micro Tek) capable of collecting 400 L of air per minute. Air samples were collected over a period of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 minutes with 10 replicates conducted per each period. For the longevity trial, 10-5 minute air samples were collected at 12 hour intervals for over a 72 hour period. Chambers and air samplers were sanitized and swabbed for presence or absence of virus between each replicate. To reduce the chances of false negative results, disinfectant neutralizing broth (Dey-Engley) was added to samples post-collection. All samples were tested at the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory using Taq Man qualitative PC. Ten control replicates (no disinfectant) were also conducted, at the 105 concentration. esults (Table 1) Under the conditions of this study, inactivation of the virus occurred within 1 minute post-contact with the D-EVAP system and the disinfectant remained active in the system out to 72 hrs. These data are supported by the results from the positive control replicates which demonstrated the recovery of virus in air in the absence of disinfectant in the system. A possible explanation for these results was that the cooling pad was heavily saturated with disinfectant, potentially resulting in a physical barrier (foam) and/or a chemical barrier (quantity). Further testing on farm is necessary to validate the overall applicability of the D-EVAP system. Table 1 Viral concentration 1 x 105 TCID50/L Inactivation trial Time (mins) PC results (n=10) Positive Control (n=10) Activity trial Time (hours) 1 NEG NT 0 NEG 2 NEG NT 12 NEG 3 NEG NT 24 NEG 4 NEG NT 36 NEG 5 NEG POS 48 NEG 60 NEG 72 NEG PC results (n=10) 9

11 Safety Studies Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Testing Synergize Cool through Cool Cell System Synergize Cool is a low foaming version of Synergize Disinfectant for use in cool cell systems for reducing the risk of airborne PSv. And while the efficacy research is quite compelling, we wanted to make sure we were doing no harm to animals and personnel through this new application. Objective Determine levels of glutaraldehyde exposure for animals and personnel in facilities where Synergize Cool is being used in the cool cell system. Type of Test Passive Badge Monitoring Analytical Method OSHA Method 64. Measuring trapped vapors through HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) Type of Facility 1800-crate gestation barn in southeast Iowa. Procedures Synergize Cool was dispensed into the cool cell system through Dosatron medicators at a rate of 1 oz. per gallon (1:128). There were six (6) pads in this building (2) 50 pads, (2) 30 pads, and (2) 20 pads. The water pumps were activated for approximately three (3) minutes out of every twenty (20) minutes. Badge Placement Three Glutaraldehyde badges were placed inside the building; one (1) at the northwest corner, one (1) at the southeast corner, one (1) in the middle of building (hung approximately 5 off floor), and one (1) badge was worn by an employee of the farm working in the gestation building. All four badges were exposed for over eight (8) hours. esults esults indicate that after eight hours, there was virtually no glutaraldehyde exposure to personnel or animals. Sample ID Lab ID Time (mins) Total (ug) Conc (mg/m3) ppm HO4480 L <0.07 <0.004 <0.001 HO4552 L <0.07 <0.004 <0.001 HO4759 L <0.07 <0.004 <0.001 HO4720 L <0.07 <0.004 <0.001 Unless otherwise noted, all quality control results associated with the samples were within established control limits. The Glutaraldehyde results are considered accurate to within 100% =/ based on a 95% confidence interval. The estimated uncertainty applies to the media, technology, and SOP(s) referenced in this report and does not account for any uncertainty associated with the sampling process. 10

12 Barnstorm Product Information Barnstorm Product Information Barnstorm is a heavy duty concentrated cleaner and descaler, combining a unique blend of specially formulated acids and high-foaming detergency designed to remove both organic and inorganic soils from surfaces prior to disinfection. Barnstorm is ideally suited for use in all phases of hog farm sanitation, including; nurseries, farrowing pens, breeding and gestation rooms, loading chutes, animal transport vehicles, footbaths, waters and feeders, and all areas on the pork production facility. Additionally, Barnstorm is ideally suited to use in poultry houses and on farm premises, including poultry and turkey farms, breeders, and laying operations. Active Use Activity Application Safety Phosphoric Acid Formulated for cleaning and descaling livestock and poultry confinement buildings, equipment, and vehicles. emoves organic and organic soils High foaming, high or low pressure washing, immersion, or manual cleaning Danger Usage ates Task U.S. Time Cleaning 2 oz/gal (1:64) minutes Packaging Packaging Product Code Barnstorm 1 gal /1 Barnstorm 5 gal /5A Barnstorm 55 gal /55 11

13 Synergize Cool Product Information Synergize Cool Product Information Synergize Cool is a cleaner-disinfectant specifically formulated for use in cool cell systems. Synergize cool is ideally suited for cool cell cleaning and disinfection due to its formulation that will reduce the tendency for foaming while ventilation systems are in use. This unique formulation provides the advantage of being able to run Synergize Cool for continuous disinfection through the entire cool cell system. Active Use Activity Application Quaternary ammonium/glutaraldehyde Poultry and turkey farms, hatchers, swine operations, air washers, and industrial scrubbing systems/recirculating cooling and process water systems Kills both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, viruses and fungi Mixing pumps, proportioners, medicators, holding tanks, and manual cool cell administration Usage ates Dispense Synergize Cool at a rate of 1-3 oz. per gallon (1:128) for continuous disinfecting or 2-4 oz. per gallon (1:64) for badly fouled systems. Cool cell pads should be fully saturated with Synergize Cool once every 72 hours. Pad size will determine saturation and inclusion levels: Pad Dimensions Amount of water Amount of Synergize Cool (1:128) 5 x gallons 64 ounces 5 x gallons 128 ounces 5 x gallons 150 ounces 5 x gallons 256 ounces 5 x gallons 300 ounces Packaging Packaging Product Code Synergize Cool 1 gal /1 Synergize Cool 55 gal /55 12

14 eferences 1. Dee, S.A., Otake, S., and J. Deen Evidence of long distance airborne transport of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Veterinary esearch, 40 (4): Otake, S., Dee, S., Corgo, C., Oliveira, S. and J. Deen Long-distance airborne transport of infectious PSV and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from a swine population infected with multiple viral variants. Veterinary Microbiology, 145: Pitkin, A. Deen, J. and S. Dee Aerosol transmission of PSV: Application to the field. Allan D. Leman Swine Conference: Dee, S., Como, J.P., Spronk, G., eicks, D., uen, P., Pitkin, A. and D. Polson Evaluation of long term effect of air filtration on the occurrence of new PSV infections in large breeding herds in swine-dense regions. Viruses, 4:

15 Neogen Corporate Profile - Food Safety Food Safety Division Sanitation Neogen s AccuPoint Advanced Sanitation Monitoring System quickly and easily measures the ATP collected from food contact surfaces or liquids as an indication of the cleanliness of the surface or purity of the liquid. Foodborne Pathogens Neogen s ANS test system is the quickest and easiest testing method to definitively detect pathogen DNA in food and environmental samples. Neogen s eveal 2.0 line of lateral flow microbial tests for Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli O157:H7 allows users to quickly and accurately screen samples. Mycotoxins Neogen s eveal Q+ fully quantitative lateral flow tests for mycotoxins are quick and easy, with results in just minutes. Agri-Screen and Veratox mycotoxin test kits provide screening and quantitative ELISA-based tests for aflatoxin, DON, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin and T-2/HT-2 toxin. Dehydrated Culture Media Neogen s Acumedia subsidiary has been a premier manufacturer of high quality dehydrated culture media (DCM) since 1978 for industrial, biotech, food safety, and life science applications. Acumedia produces over 200 different catalog formulations, and well over 200 different customized formulations.

16 944 Nandino Blvd. Lexington, KY or animalsafety.neogen.com 2018, Neogen Corporation. Neogen, Synergize, AccuPoint, ANS, eveal, and Accumedia are registered trademarks and Barnstorm is a trademark of Neogen Corporation, Lansing MI. All other trademarks are properties of their respective owners. L