Assessing the technical feasibility of value chains for Reed based biofuels

Transcription

1 Assessing the technical feasibility of value chains for Reed based biofuels ENEREED Sustainable Energy Conversion from Reed Biomass Több, mint nád I More, than reed International conference Sarród, Fertő-Hanság National Park Direction Autors: Jürgen Krail 1, Hannes Kitzler 2, Georg Beckmann 3, Helmut Plank 1, Christoph Pfeifer 4 and Doris Rixrath University of Applied Sciences Burgenland. Pinkafeld, Austria 2 Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering. Vienna, Austria 3 Bureau for Mechanical and Energy Engineering. Vienna, Austria 4 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Chemical and Energy Engineering. Vienna, Austria

2 University of Applied Sciences Burgenland Two modern campuses in Eisenstadt and Pinkafeld 1,800 students (65% part time) 4,900 alumni 99 % employment rate 160 employees 500 part time lecturers 400 business partners Research company: Forschung Burgenland GmbH Több, mint nád I More, than reed 2

3 International Business (Focus Central Eastern Europe) Information Technology and Management Social Work Energy and Environmental Management Health MASTERS Human Resource Management and Labour Law Information Media Communication European Studies Management of EU Projects International Wine Marketing International Business Relations Personnel Development and Education* Cloud Computing Engineering* Business Process Engineering & Management Applied Knowledge Management Sustainable Energy Systems Building Technology and Management Energy and Environmental Management Integrated Case and Care Management Management in Health Care and Public Health BACHELORS Physiotherapy IT Infrastructur Management Health Care and Nursing International Business Relations Information, Media & Communication Social Work Energy and Environmental Management Health Management and Health Promotion Több, mint nád I More, than reed 3

4 University of Applied Sciences Burgenland Research and Development Projects Mission statement: One can discover things by accident or explore them Here at the University of Applied Sciences Burgenland, we don t believe in coincidence, which is why we offer our students not only practical training but also top-class research and development projects. Több, mint nád I More, than reed 4

5 Energy from reed biomass Reed potentials in Europe Eastern Europe Danube Delta: Worlds largest connected reed area Total area: 200,000ha Central Europe Fertő/Lake Neusiedl: Largest reed area in Central Europe Total area: 18,000ha Több, mint nád I More, than reed 5

6 Energy from reed biomass ENEREED - Project overview Több, mint nád I More, than reed 6

7 Energy from reed biomass ENEREED - Investigated conversion paths Supply Harvesting & Logistics Processing Chopping Pelletizing Industrial Conversion Thermal Large-Scale Plant Thermal Small-Scale Plant Conversion Cement Production Fluidised Bed Gasification Grate Firing 3 MW Pellet-/Woodchip- Boiler 80 kw Több, mint nád I More, than reed 7

8 Fuel properties of reed Fuel analysis Analysis of fuel properties with methods according to European standards Ultimate analysis of different elements: C, H, N, S, Cl Proximate analysis of: heating value, water and ash content, volatile matter, pellet quality, sieve analysis Több, mint nád I More, than reed 8

9 Fuel properties of reed Comparison to different biofuels Unit Reed Woody Straw 2, Grain whole Grain 2, Grasses 2, biomass 2, crops 2, Ultimate analysis (dry mass) C- Content % db [7] [113] [128] [60] [65] [128] H- Content % db 5.84 [7] [76] [112] [57] [55] [158] O- Content 1, % db [7] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-] N- Content % db 0.47 [7] [133] [146] [66] [94] [204] S- Content % db 0.07 [7] [119] [141] [62] [66] [173] Cl- Content % db 0.15 [7] [122] [116] [56] [55] [116] Proximate analysis (dry mass) Ash- Content % db 7.47 [7] [120] [145] [67] [64] [201] Volatiles % db [7] [86] [76] [52] [49] [159] Lower heating value H u,p,db MJ/kg [7] [115] [126] [58] [68] [218] Ash melting behaviour Sintering temperature SIT C 1409 [7] [29] [48] [19] [13] [50] Softening temperature SOT C >1500 [7] [34] [59] [19] [14] [62] Basic value / equal to Value lower ( ) / higher ( ) than basic value (basic value inside the typical range) Value much lower ( ) / much higher ( ) than basic value (basic value outside of the typical range) 1, Calculated value as residual value (100% minus average content ash, C, H, N, K) 2, Analyses from (Hartmann, H. et al. 2000) [###] Number of analysed samples Több, mint nád I More, than reed 9

10 Harvesting technologies for reed Harvesting machines Conventional harvesting vs. Harvesting with increased degree of mechanisation Reaper-binder (bundles) Harvesting for construction purposes - Higher demand of staff- resources (5 workers needed) + Lower ground pressure: 980 kg/m² + State-of-the Art technology Reaper-baler (round bales) Harvesting of reed for energy purposes + Lower demand of staff- resources (1-2 workers needed) - Higher ground pressure: 1,220 kg/m² - Prototype with development demand Harvesting at water depth < 40cm or frozen ground Több, mint nád I More, than reed 10

11 Harvesting technologies for reed Operational Characteristics Conventional harvesting vs. Harvesting with increased degree of mechanisation Power of diesel engine: 118 kw Fuel consumption: 6.3 l/h Storage capacity (bundles): 1,850 kg Surface related yield (base): 5.5 t WB /ha Duration of mowing route: 1.0 h/route Distance of mowing: 1,180 m Hourly harvesting output: 1.4 t WB /h Power of diesel engine: 142 kw Fuel consumption: 10.0 l/h Storage capacity (bales): 760 kg Surface related yield (base): 6.2 t WB /ha Duration of mowing route: 0.55 h/route Distance of mowing: 430 m Hourly harvesting output: 1.1 t WB /h Több, mint nád I More, than reed 11

12 Pelletizing of Reed Experimental setup Processing and conditioning Pelletizing Quality check Cutting mill Input Raw material Input Additives & water Pellet mill Hardness testing Bulk density Output Pellets Abrasion testing Mixing machine Aim: Influence of conditioning, additives and pelletizing variables (die geometry press ratio) to pellets quality Több, mint nád I More, than reed 12

13 Pelletizing of Reed Results of experiments Reed is suitable for pelletizing under certain conditions Rather high water content required High press ratio improves pellets quality Additive rye flour and soy pulp improves pellets quality Limits of EN [1] for mechanical durability & bulk density can be reached [1] EN (2012): Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use. Több, mint nád I More, than reed 13

14 Energy conversion small scale plant Domestic heating - Pellet/wood chip boiler Pellet/woodchip boiler: HERZ firematic 80 Test procedure: ÖNORM EN Objective: Maximum heat power output under complete combustion conditions Tested biofuels: Reed pellets Wood pellets Wood chips with bark Több, mint nád I More, than reed 14

15 Energy conversion small scale plant Domestic heating - Results of test runs Több, mint nád I More, than reed 15

16 Energy conversion small scale plant Domestic heating - Conclusion Fuels with high ash content can cause shorter ash-discharging interval unsteady combustion process ( CO-peaks) Ash content is limiting factor in combustion adaptions on the ashdischarging system When mass fraction of reed increases lower heat power output higher emissions Boiler efficiency: maximum 75 % mass portion of reed pellets is recommended Emissions meet the requirements of the Austrian federal law Combustion Plant Regulation (BGBl. II Nr. 312/2011) Több, mint nád I More, than reed 16

17 Energy conversion large scale plant District heating boiler with grate firing Woodchip boiler, nominal power 3MW Fuel transport system: pusher-floor transport Tested biofuel: wood chips, chopped reed Water content: wood chips 44%, reed 12.5% Fuel mixtures: 100% wood chips (reference fuel) 30% reed/70% wood chips (energy based) 50% reed/50% wood chips (energy based) 100% reed Több, mint nád I More, than reed 17

18 Energy conversion large scale plant District heating Results of test runs Több, mint nád I More, than reed 18

19 Energy conversion large scale plant District heating - Conclusion Fuels with low volumetric energy density (chopped reed) can cause feeding problems in fuel supply Low energy density of chopped reed is limiting factor in fuel transport system adaptions on the fuel feeding system When mass fraction of reed increases thermal output constant, slightly decreasing CO and NO x emissions decreases, SO 2 emissions increases dust emissions decreases Emissions meet the requirements of the Austrian federal law Waste Incineration Ordinance (BGBl. II Nr. 476/2010) Több, mint nád I More, than reed 19

20 Energy conversion industry Cement production Pre-test duration test run: reed-quantity: 2 h t Aim testing of fuel feeding installations Main-test duration test run: reed-quantity: 30 h 252 t Aim testing of max. substitution-rate with focus on clinker quality process stability and emission limit values Több, mint nád I More, than reed 20

21 Energy conversion industry Cement production - Results of test runs Scenario reference Scenario standard Scenario reed PetCoke ASB*) PetCoke Reed PetCoke Energy input in calcinator [%] 100% 78.2% 21.8% 57.8% 42.2% Water content (as received) [%] 7% 12% 7% 16.7% 7% Caloric value [GJ/t as received ] Emission factor [t CO2fossil / t fuel as received ] CO 2fossil emitted [%] (in relation to scenario reference ) % 84.3% 42.2% *) high caloric plastic fluff Több, mint nád I More, than reed 21

22 Energy conversion industry Cement production - Conclusion Based on a state-of-the-art plant lay-out including most recent technology: Reed may basically be used as alternative fuel in cement production. The utilization of reed as alternative fuel can reduce fossile CO 2 -emissions significantly. Reed ash remains in the product stream => material utilisation. Több, mint nád I More, than reed 22

23 Conclusion Potentials: Large reed potentials are available for energetic utilisation Harvesting: Further developments in technology are necessary for reliable harvesting machines Energetic utilisation: Reed as alternative fuel can be used in a wide range of conversion possibilities Domestic and district heating: Co- combustion with wood is recommended; large scale plants lead to less problem in combustion; adaption of feeding/discharging system may be necessary Több, mint nád I More, than reed 23

24 Final report ENEREED Több, mint nád I More, than reed 24

25 International congress E-nova 2015 Annual international congress topics concerning energy efficient buildings and building technologies Campus Pinkafeld department Energy and Environmental Management Scientific contributions and results of scientific projects are presented Pinkafeld, November 2015 Több, mint nád I More, than reed 25

26 Acknowledgment Thanks to all our research partners! Jürgen Krail University of Applied Sciences Burgenland Steinamangerstrasse 21 A-7423 Pinkafeld Austria Tel.: The project ENEREED is funded by the Austrian Klima- und Energiefonds (carried out within the research promotion scheme NEUE ENERGIEN 2020 ) and co funded by the Government of the Province of Burgenland, Lafarge Zementwerke GmbH and Herz Energietechnik GmbH. Több, mint nád I More, than reed 26