READY FOR EVERYTHING

Transcription

1 READY FOR EVERYTHING Manos Migadis DYNACOM TANKERS MANAGEMENT LTD Greener Shipping Summit 2018

2 The Power of Legislation New environmental regulations are making shipbuilding industry to get prepared and be ready for many new things. Sea routes remain the most efficient way of transport. 90% of world trade is being carried out by vessels. Contribution of shipping in man-made pollution is small (~ 3%). Modern ships have taken big steps towards efficiency improvement and emissions reduction having a much greener environmental footprint than in recent past. New Rules are setting the bar higher. Forthcoming legislation is the driving force to move in new eras of advanced engineering, explore implementation of innovative ideas and secures funds necessary for research & development.

3 Are we ready for SOxScrubbers? IMO % sulfur cap will be in force on 1 st January Exhaust gas cleaning systems are required for ships to be allowed to bunker HSFO after 1 st March 2020 (MEPC 73, October 2018). So far no satisfactory ideas have been seen apart from SOx Scrubbers. This technology was introduced long ago for tankers inert gas systems. SOx Scrubbers types : U (by-pass) or I (in-line). SOx Scrubbers configurations : Open Loop, Closed Loop & Hybrid.

4 SOxScrubbers Pros & Cons Installation of a SOx Scrubber ensures compliance with IMO 2020 sulfur cap of 0.5% S (m/m) & vessels can bunker and use HSFO. SOx Scrubber specification may allow use of HSFO within Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) where the limit is 0.1 % S (m/m). Fuel oil consumption is increased due to exhaust gas piping back pressure and the power required to drive the SW lifting pumps. Emissions of CO2 and NOx gases are increased. Fuel consumption penalty increases the EEDI & EEOI of vessels. Lightship weight in increased with proportional DWT loss. Gross Tonnage and side projected area are increased specially in U type designs where an additional housing is required. Risk for Turbochargers damage in case of SW overfill - backflow.

5 SOxScrubbers : A long term investment? Investment on a good quality SOx Scrubber may pay back in a few years specially for VLCCs, Suezmaxes or Capesizes. Latest by 2025 it is expected that refineries on world wide basis will have completed their investment on desulfurization plants and can meet comfortably the demand for IMO 2020 compliant fuels. Availability and price of LSFO will be such, that keeping-on using HSFO with SOx Scrubbers might not be considered advantageous. Port State Controls may largely oppose utilization of SOx Scrubbers. For the above reasons SOx Scrubbers might become white elephants.

6 Are we ready for LNG as Fuel? LNG as Fuel is a solution to meet new environmental legislation. SOx and PM emissions will be almost negligible, while CO2 and NOx emissions will drop considerably. LNG as Fuel will take long time to be implemented and is still a quite expensive and complicated option. LNG as Fuel is feasible mostly for newbuildings. Not yet convincing as a retrofit option for ocean going vessels. Securing LNG bunkering for TCP period is recommended. LNG bunker tanks need 2~3 times more space than liquid fuel ones due to LNG density (0.46 MT/m3) and cryogenic insulation volume. LNG Fuel Containment Systems : Membrane tanks (GTT Mark III), SPB (Self-supporting prismatic type B tanks) or type C tanks. High manganese steel may reduce cost of type C LNG tanks.

7 TOTE 3,100 TEU Containership built at NASSCO San Diego. The first ever 2-stroke DF engine Doosan - MAN ES 8L70ME-GI CMA CGM 22,000 TEU Containerships ordered at CSSC Hudong Zhonghua Will be equipped with the most powerful 2-stroke DF engine CMD-WIN GD 12X92DF (63,840 KW)

8 LNG as Fuel Challenges LNG Carriers maintain a long safety record. Same level of safety has to apply for all vessels entering the LNG as Fuel world. Officers, crew and shore based personnel must be well familiar with LNG safety culture to achieve this target. New terms and operations (some are listed below) should be well known by all involved in LNG bunkering or use of LNG as Fuel : Gassing up, Cooling down, Warming up. CCS / FCS (Cargo / Fuel Containment System). BOR / BOG (Boil Off Rate / Boil Off Gas). GVU / GCU (Gas Valve Unit / Gas Combustion Unit). FGSS (Fuel Gas Supply System). LNG Stratification - Roll Over effect.

9 Risks of LNG as Fuel Risks associated with us of LNG as Fuel must be well addressed and known. HAZID and HAZOP studies must be carried out. LNG vapors are flammable. When still cold, LNG vapors are heavier than air. LNG can burn seriously the skin. LNG at -163 C will brittle fracture steel structures if accidentally spilled. Vessels should de-bunker LNG prior entering repair shipyards for docking. BOG Management is required. High Level Training is a Must for all involved in LNG as Fuel chain.

10 IGC Code International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk 1 st edition 1993 ; 2 nd edition Mandatory for LNG Carriers, LPG Carriers and Ethane Carriers. Mandatory for LNG Bunker Ships. Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators

11 IGF Code International Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels Entered into force : 1 st January Mandatory for ships using LNG as Fuel. Does not apply to LNG Carriers. Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel

12 Are we ready for 0.5 % sulfur fuels? IMO adopted Delft University study in 2016 which was positive for LSFO availability by year 2020, meanwhile this is questionable. Quality and properties of LSFOs should be of high standards. ISO is not protecting vessels (as the 2012 one) from the presence of non petroleum products in the fuel. LSFO high demand after 1 st January 2020 may open the door for suspect fuels in regard to density, viscosity, acid number, cat-fines & cold flow properties. Low quality fuels may cause fuel pumps sticking, resulting in vessels immobilization and also rapid wear of engine parts.

13 IMO 2020 global sulfur cap As per IMO 2020 Regulation the world merchant fleet vessels are to be divided in two (2) groups : (i) Vessels using compliant fuel (LSFO or LNG). (ii) Vessels with Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems using HSFO. Due to anticipated LSFO shortage by 2020 and the small number of EGCS expected to be installed by that time (about 5% of the fleet only), a third group might be added : (iii) Vessels idle. Next IMO MEPC 74 in April 2019 should look into this possibility and take relevant decisions.

14 Slow Steaming : A realistic proposal Slow Steaming is a simple solution and realistic proposal to mitigate the impact of IMO 2020 sulfur cap in shipping and world economy during the first years of its implementation. Slow Steaming can reduce significantly vessels total emission footprint, taking into consideration the same transport work. CO2, NOx, SOx & PM emissions will drop by 50% or even more, depending on speed reduction. Slow Steaming can be voluntarily implemented and strictly monitored. Vessels fitted with SOx Scrubbers or any other kind of EGCS will have the advantage of higher speeds and placed better in the market.

15 Future trends of Shipbuilding In future, shipbuilding industry will be influenced not only by IMO environmental regulations but mainly by new technologies. Use of hyper-supercomputers and quantum computers will assist a lot in optimizing the entire Design Spiral of newbuildings. Their great computational power will bring a revolution in all shipbuilding sectors.

16 What we expect to see in next decades New hull forms, multiple hulls, multiple skeg designs, following advanced CFD analysis, reducing the wave-making resistance. More efficient propellers, azimuth thrusters and rudders. New generation of sophisticated energy saving devices (ESDs). New concept for scantlings of hull structure, optimizing light ship weight in comparison with the current conventional framing. Lighter materials for hull, superstructures, piping and outfitting (metal alloys, honeycomb sandwich, carbon fiber etc.). New copper-free UW hull coatings for lower frictional resistance. Smaller and aerodynamically shaped accommodation block reducing air resistance.

17 Solutions towards 2050 Extensive use of LNG as Fuel. More efficient dual fuel 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. LPG, Methanol, Biofuel driven engines. Fuel Cells. Electric ships. Autonomous ships. Solar & Wind Sails. Wind Turbines on board. Wave Power solutions. Ballast water - free vessels. Smart tugs for escorting vessels to & from the jetty. Regime for safe disposal of old batteries and solar panels.

18 Fuel Cell Power Pack developed by Wartsila Wind Solar Sails concept by Eco Marine Power

19 Electric Ship concept design by DNV-GL Unmanned - Autonomous ship proposal by Rolls Royce

20 New things on board Extensive use of Artificial Intelligence. New generation of Navigation & Radio equipment. New satellite constellations on orbit. Satellite based ECDIS. Digitalization - Connectivity. Smart Ships. Internet of Things - Internet of Ships. Augmented reality solutions. 3-D printing on board. Enhanced cyber-security solutions. Robots on board.

21 Thank You!