Standing Rock Sioux Values?

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1 37th Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment Le Centre Sheraton Montréal Hôtel, Montréal, Canada 4 7 April 217 Te Arawa is the vessel that my ancestors voyaged upon Ngāti Pikiao are the descendents, the people I belong to Matawhaura is our sacred mountain Session: Traditional Knowledge and EA 2.3pm Thursday 6April Salon C Empowering Indigenous Worldview in Decision Making Te Roto ikite ai e Ihenga are our waters Te Rangiunuora is our eponymous ancestral bond Dr Kēpa Morgan BE, MBA, PhD, FIPENZ, LMSPPEEx General Manager, Ngāti Mākino Iwi Authority Te Puna Whakareia A Rākeiao is our gathering place Acknowledgement and Salutations to you all. Climate Change Challenge The Climate Change challenge is exacerbated by contemporary decision making processes. Climate change is a global problem, realised over generations, and requires ways of knowing that are locally specific. Contemporary processes based on monetary based ways of knowing, are very poorly aligned whether it be intra nationally, temporally, and ecologically. Standing Rock Sioux Values? The value of money differs between nations. The value of money differs between generations. The value of money has little relevance to ecosystems. 1

2 Cultural basis of worldview GRAVITY and the SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW Worldviews; are values based and culturally constrained by limitations of belief systems. Each culture patterns perceptions of reality into conceptual boundaries of what is actual, probable, possible and impossible. Science assumes we all think the same way. But we do not share same ways of knowing? I think that money speaks too loudly. Kuleana and Commitment, K.L. Kawelu 215 Attractive force between physical objects that helps explain the heliocentric universe Image: Te Ika Roa Conceptual Solar System Ways of knowing: Waitangi Tribunal pre 199 Motunui Kaituna Manukau Rangataua Year 1983 Wai Wai Wai8 199 Wai3 Claimant Te Ati Awa Ngati Pikiao Ngati Te Ata Tauranga Cmte Rohe Tai Hauauru Waiariki Manukau Tauranga Claim Pollution of reefs Pollution of river; pollution of lake Issue Objection Outcome Petrochemical industry; Motunui outfall impact on kaimoana Impact on food sources; cultural offence Motunui outfall abandoned Diversion of sewage from Rotorua to Kaituna impact on lake use Impact on food sources; cultural offence $12M Scheme abandoned; Land based sewage disposal Pollution of harbour: access Construction of sewage ponds, airport, motorway; impact kaimoana Impact on food sources; cultural offence IMPACTS ON MAURI Harbour mgmt plan; Kaitiaki Removal of ponds; Beach remediation Potential pollution of Welcome Bay Housing corp development; water right for sewage discharge Impact on food sources; cultural offence Sewage discharge plan and water right abandoned MAURI: a way of understanding the life supporting capacity of water, land, an Iwi, or ecosystem. The waters of the Hauraki Gulf are increasingly healthy, resilient and full of life. People are strong Kaitiaki, lifting its MAURI (Water Quality Roundtable, 215) Kia mau ki te mauri o te Taiao o Tikapa Moana, Te Moananui a Toi Enhance the MAURI of the Hauraki Gulf (Mātauranga Māori Roundtable, 215) Three kete recognising; wāhi tapu, MAURI o te wai, manawhenua. 1: Extent to which local authorities protect MAURI 2: Extent to which tangata whenua protect MAURI 3: Extent to which other agencies protect MAURI 4: Extent to which actions of wider community affect MAURI 5: Physical evidence that MAURI is protected (Nathan Kennedy, 214) 2

3 Mākino Model wāhi tapu, mauri o te wai, manawhenua 1: How can manawhenua enhance MAURI 2: How do local authorities enhance MAURI 3: How do other agencies enhance MAURI 4: How does wider community affect MAURI 5: What is evidence that MAURI is protected THE ATTRACTIVE FORCE BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL AND META PHYSICAL THAT FACILITATES ALL LIFE Challenge: how do we include mauri because mauri cannot be measured in $ How has this concept become a part of NZ sustainability thinking? 1. The recognition of Indigenous Peoples Rights 2. Relationship building and mutual learning 3. Environmental crises that required different ways of knowing to inform the response 4. Processes that achieved clear communication, transparent decision making and are inclusive 5. Equitable outcomes, commitment to prevention of harm, enhancement of wellbeing based on own definitions and criteria The Aashukan Declaration 3

4 Mauri Model Decision Making Framework Four Mauri Dimensions Mākino Model Quantification of Worldview Informs Indicator Selection Assess options Trends for Dimensions Mauri Meter Threshold Definition for Indicators Pairwise Comparison Mauri Dimensions extremely strongly moderately equal moderately strongly extremely less important equal more important Mauri Hapū Wellbeing Ecosystem cultural Hapori social economic Total Ecosystem A B C x i Hapū cultural Hapori social Economic Percentage weight for dimension; P D = ( x i + 9 ) / 36 x 1% ID ID Indicators of mauri Indicator Description ID Indicator Description Manaakitanga Kura O Motiti Community Public health river, estuaries Matauranga harvesting practices Community Surf club Manawhenua rangatiratanga Community Camping grounds Kaitiakitanga Community Swimming ocean Rahui Community Recreational fishing along coast Waahi tapu Community Diving ngatanga Community Kotahitanga Waka ama Community Education Taumaha hapu burden Community Tikanga Indicator Description ID Indicator Description Camping grounds Ecosystem Biodiversity Motiti ecosystems Fishing estuary/kaituna Ecosystem Ongatoro Maketu estuary Shellfish estuary Ecosystem Kaituna intertidal Ecosystem Fish hospital Commercial fishing Ecosystem Te Tumu Shopowners Ecosystem Water quality Rates Ecosystem Little Waihi Cost/ Return of Response (TAKT) Ecosystem Okurei Newdicks access Ecosystem Wairakei Repo Port of Tauranga Ecosystem Marangai tangaroa 4

5 No Change Tipping Points No Change Sustainability Diminishing Enhancing - + Mauri heke Mauri piki Diminishing Enhancing Mauri heke Mauri piki Exhausted Fully Restored Mauri noho / moe Mauri tuturu / ora MV Rena: Worst Maritime NZ Environmental Disaster October 5, 211 Rena grounding Images: Maritime New Zealand restore the mauri of the affected environment to its pre Rena state Image: Maritime New Zealand Ministry for the Environment NZ 5

6 CHALLENGES TO ACHIEVE: 1. Understand the impacts in Indigenous terms; 1 year evaluation of trends for each mauri dimension & overall Determine pre Rena state of mauri; 3. Quantify change in mauri since grounding; Sep Evaluate long term recovery options for potential to restore mauri to pre Rena state Clearly communicate understanding to everyone Ecosystem mauri (Environmental) mauri (Economic) mauri (Cultural) Community mauri (Social) Overall Mauri Decision making initially based on $ Overall impact upon mauri (post Rena) pre Rena State Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11 Jan 12 Feb 12 Mar 12 Apr 12 May 12 Jun 12 Jul 12 Aug 12 Sep 12 Oct 12 Nov 12 Dec 12 Jan 13 Feb 13 Mar 13 Apr 13 May 13 Jun 13 Jul 13 Aug 13 Sep 13 Oct 13 Nov 13 Dec 13 Jan 14 Feb 14 Mar 14 Apr 14 May 14 Jun 14 Jul Ecosystem mauri (Environmental) mauri (Economic) mauri (Cultural) Community mauri (Social) Overall Mauri Images: Maritime New Zealand 6

7 They are still cleaning up, and in this case, money did not get to speak too loudly. Case Study II: Agats, Papua International Example: Asmat Regency Water Supply Project in Papua (PhD research) Agats is the capital of the Asmat Regency Population 15, people Area 2963 km² to 5m elevation Slope less than 2 %.5 Analysis of Stakeholder Values and Influence of Worldview Dimension Priority The trend of sensitivity analysis the Local Government 14% Environmental 44% Social 17% Cultural The base line Local Government % Economic -.5 The trend of sensitivity analysis for the Asmat People Identity 33% Ecosystem 33% Community 12% The base line Asmat People 22% Local Government Asmat People Images: Dr Elisabeth Wambrauw Clearly Demonstrates Transfer of Mauri / Wealth 7

8 Cawthron Institute REPORT 2224 (213) The Boston Indicator Project The Dashboard of Sustainability Earth Check (Kaikoura Green Globe) Ecological Footprint Environmental Performance Index The Mauri Model Human Development Index NZ s progress using a Sustainable Development Approach Sustainable Society Index Well being Index; and Whistler22 The set that appears to be the most useful regardless of the community, is the Mauri Model. Challenger, 213 The Aashukan Declaration Ngā mihi! Tēnā Koutou, Tēnā Koutou, Tēnā Koutou Kātoa! 8