Confronting Climate Change - Towards

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1 Confronting Climate Change - Towards Carbon Neutral Indian Cites Climate Change Concerns and infrastructure projects in Delhi Dr. B.C. Sabata Govt. of NCT Delhi

2 Major Indian Cities City Geographical Area (Sq. Km) Population As per 2001 census Delhi million (16.3 million in 2009) Mumbai million Klkt Kolkata & million Howrah Chennai million

3 Delhi- At a Glance Geographical Area 1483 sq km Current Population 16.3 million Expected population 22 million (approx.) by year 2021 Population density Migrant Population Industries More than 10, people per Sq. Km About 0.5 million every year Thermal Power Plants and Small Scale Industries

4 CONTRIBUTION OF CITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE Cities cover less than 1% of the earth's surface but are disproportionately responsible for causing climate change. Currently, around 50 % of the world s population live in cities (set to reach 60 per cent by 2030). Yet cities and urban areas consume some 75 % of the world's energy and are responsible for up to 75 % of greenhouse gas emissions. HIGH ENERGY USE & WASTEFUL ECONOMIC MODEL HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENT & MINIMUM WASTEFUL ECONOMIC MODEL

5 CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION PROJECTIONS Country 2002 MtCO MtCO 2 Avg. Annual Growth Total Growth World % 58.9% Annex-I % 28.9% Non Annex-I % 100.5% USA % 38.7% Western % 11.4% Europe China % 144.8% India % 94.3% Brazil Source : Climate 341 Analysis Indicators 678 Tool 3.0% (CAIT) Version % Washington DC, World Resource Institute, 2007

6 INDIAN SCENARIO On a per capita basis, India s emissions are 70% below the world average Source : PEW Centre on Global Climate Change with TERI Country USA EU 9.40 Japan 9.87 China 3.60 Russia India 1.02 World Average Per Capita Carbon-dioxide emission (metric tons) Carbon dioxide Emissions in India (2004)

7 INDIAN SCENARIO Five independent India specific studies on GHG emissions profile : 1) TERI Poznan 2) NCAER CGE T 3) McKinsey 4) IRADe AA 5) TERI MoEF As per the estimates of the five different studies, India s per capita GHG emissions in would be between 2.77 tonnes and 5.00 tonnes of CO2e (Carbon Dioxide equivalent). India s GHG emissions in 2031 vary from 4.0 billion tones to 7.3 billion tones of CO2e Four of the five studies estimated that even in 2031, India s per capita GHG emissions would stay under 4 tonnes of CO2e which is lower than the global per capita emissions of 4.22 tonnes of CO2e in The key drivers of the range of these estimates are the assumptions on GDP growth rates, penetration of clean energy, energy efficiency improvements etc.

8 India s Share in Global CO 2 Emission

9 National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) 8 Core Missionsi National Solar Mission To promote the development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency Mandating specific energy consumption and energy incentives National Mission on Sustainable Habitat To promote energy efficiency as a core component of urban planning National Water Mission The plan sets a goal of a 20% improvement in water use efficiency through pricing and other measures

10 National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem The plan aims to conserve biodiversity, forest cover, and other ecological values in the Himalayan region. National Mission for Green India To carry out afforestation of 6 million hectares of degraded forest lands and expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of India s territory National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture To support climate adaptation in agriculture through the development of climate resilient crops, expansion of weather insurance mechanisms, and agricultural practices National Mission for Strategic Mission for Climate Change To gain a better understanding of climate science, impacts and challenges

11 Climate Change Agenda for Delhi The Climate Change Agenda for Delhi by the Government of NCT of Delhi put forth several action items thatt the Government intends to undertake in the coming years. 65 Agenda Points for action on various sectors 65 Agenda Points for action on various sectors identified

12 Water Forestry Buildings Waste Sectors Identified under Climate Change Agenda Lighting Transportation Renewables Energy

13 TRANSPORT On its way to become Largest Public Transport on CNG in the World (10,000 Buses running on CNG by 2010) Low Floor Urban Buses, High Capacity Bus System, Stringent emission norms, Clean fuel (EURO IV EQUIVALENT DIESEL BY 2010) 500 Networked PUC Centre. Delhi Metro earned Carbon Credits for regenerative braking project

14 Air Ambience Fund Collection on sale of diesel in the city at rate of 0.25 Rs/litre and utilisation for 29.5% subsidy in purchase of Battery Operated Vehicle

15 ENERGY CONSERVATION Delhi Cabinet has decided to upgrade energy efficiency of existing Government Buildings through retrofitting to be carried out by energy service companies in a performance contracting mode. The objective is to ensure that Government Buildings can achieve at least rating of one star from BEE under their office building labeling programme. Mandatory Energy Conservation Building Code adoption in Government buildings and in all new construction projects applied for Environmental Clearance

16 Subsidy in installation of Solar Water Heating Systems : (Rs 6000 (120 US $) per 100 LPD for Domestic & Rs (1500 US $ ) per 1000 LPD for nonilinstitution) commercial Solar Power Generation Promoting CFL & LED Use Green Building Technology Observing Earth Hour Saved about 700 MW with power saving for 1hr only

17 WATER CONSERVATION Onsite Sewage Treatment Plant /Effluent Treatment Plant mandatory in up coming construction ti projects. Recycle and reuse of treated waste water for flushing, horticulture, coolingetc etc. Installation of low flow water appliances. Energy Efficient Water & Wastewater treatment operations and Methane Recovery and reuse is under consideration for a CDM project.

18 Rain Water Harvesting Mandatory in building plots > 200 sq mt Groundwater drawal subject to DJB permission and rain water harvesting/waste water recycling.

19 CLEAN POWER GENERATION Delhi Government plans to switch over to GAS BASED POWER GENERATION Adoption of beneficiated i coal having ash content tless than 34% in existing coal based plant. Stringent emission norms (Particulate Matter 50 mg/nm 3 ) Online NOx Monitoring in Gas based power plant

20 Solar Mission Solar Water Heating Notification for mandatory use in Hotels & Hospitals issued vide no. F.DTL/2010/F 13/2008/EO/EE&REM/77 Dtd21 Dated: Solar water Heating Systems in Govt. Buildings (4) Already installed in four major hospitals i.e. Kasturba, SDN, Girdhari Lal Hospital & Hindu Rao Hospital (Expected energy savings units per month Or Rs.6,87,240 per month) Up coming schemes Hospitals at Timarpur, Kalkaji, Tilak Nagar & Lajpat Nagar

21 Solar Mission Renewable Energy Solar photo voltaic street lighting Non conventional energy source being used in the form of Solar Photo Voltaic Street Lighting Units. Luminaries with built in in inverter and Charge controller. This will be used to power 18 Watt CFL lights at Civic Center, Zonal Offices, major Hospitals, Staff Quarter Colonies etc.

22 Enhanced Energy Efficiency T5& CFL retrofittingin MCD Buildingin progress (Expected energy savings 3,74,577 units per month or Rs.18,35,423 per month) covering 40 existing buildings such as office buildings, schools, Hospitals & community centers. EOI is invited for 62 more buildings through ESCO s Energy Audit completed for all the 84 pumping Station Integrated Automatic switching through GSM 257 Km street lighting New Street lighting with energy efficient fixture in progress (energy savings in terms of Rs.99,688 per month)

23 Sustainable Habitat t Building constructions to introduce green building technology: Orientation of thebuildings Façade shading Optimum usage of day lighting Introduction ti of less energy intensive i specifications such as fly ash bricks & local materials etc. Proposed complete 40 civic buildings by 2012 energy efficient & green building concepts Conformity with ECBC 2007 norms & provisions.

24 Sustainable Habitat Provisions incorporated in newly coming up Civic Center High luminaries efficacy lights T5 & CFLs Dimmer Controls with day light & occupancy sensors Centrifugal chillers withvariable frequency drive (VFDs) Air handling units (AHUs) with VFD provision Indoor air quality control mechanism through energy recovery wheels Solar Photo voltaic lighting 200 KW under execution Variable voltage & frequency device lifts Dedicated STP s & WTP s Zero solid waste management concept Rainwaterharvesting wells Substation to convert 33kva to 415 volt t with PLC control

25 Pipe coating to save energy Sustainable Habitat

26 Sustainable Habitat Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Mounted Chiller Unit A central air conditioning system using water cooled factory mounted VFD starter centrifugal chillers has been designed Effecting nearly 22% Energy savings in energy consumption

27 Sustainable Habitat Auto Load Management Functions A microprocessor based Programmable logical Control (PLC) system is to work with Building Management System (BMS) for the DG Sets This will enable optimum usage of the available DGs according to the load demand. Resulting in savings in fuel consumption to the tune of 15%.

28 Sustainable Habitat (25, 27) Sustainable Habitat cont Animal Waste Treatment Gazipur Slaughter House is under Operation Shutting Down Idgah unit under process Local dairies to be shifted to designated area with environmental friendly solutions New Ghoga Dairy is under development by proposing compost pits & GobargasPlant Dairy waste management facility being planned Yamuna Action Plan II

29 Sustainable Habitat (25) A Carcass utilization cum Rendering plant has been established by the M.C.D. with 20 tons (approximate) processing capacity at Ghazipur, to render the dead animals from entire city suburban areas for their efficient disposal to prevent environmental pollution and spread or diseases. MCD is in the process of finalizing the concessionaire for running the plant. Rendering Rendering Plant

30 Sustainable Habitat Lighting Energy Management System (EMS) products being used Smart electronic ballast Saves up to 35% on the energy bill. Presence of detection system with daylight sensing Energy Saving luminaries. By using EMS we can save up to 25 30% of the lighting costs yet increase user comfort and convenience.

31 Sustainable Habitat Bio Gas Power Plant at Ghoga Dairy Colony [Narela] MCD has developed d a di dairy colony at Ghoga to shift illegall Dairies. Inphase I, 2020dairy plots have been developed. About cattle are to be shifted there in phase I. About 215 Tonnes dung per day will generate from cattles. MCD is planning to establish a Bio Gas Power Plant of 1.00 MW capacity to deal with the dung. Indraprastha Energy & Waste Management Company Limited [a joint venture of Department of Power GNCTD & IL&FS] is being appointed as project adviser.

32 Sustainable Habitat Sustainable Habitat cont C&D Facility ( Construction & Demolition waste) 500MT TPD C&D facility developed at Burari provided with the following : o Weighbridge o Semi mobile jaw crusher with feed hopper & Grizzly feeder. o Backhoe loader, tractor trolleys, vibrator, winch. Material is being received, crushed, graded by size and Land filled. Supplied to building industry for use as filler / sub base material. Manufacturing of paver blocks

33 Sustainable Habitat Pilot Project C&D Debris Management C&D Debris Container Crusher Hook Lifter

34 Sustainable Habitat Sustainable Habitat (29) cont Reduced use of wood in construction Timber Door & window frame totally avoided by proposing steel & Aluminum joinery Introduced steel form work during construction

35 Green India Over a million plant materials consisting of trees, shrubs & herbs are planted by Horticulture Department Revitalization & densification of plant material in MCD parks Strengthening of parks & play grounds is proposed to consider in local area plans Setting up of herbal gardens in all 12 zones (9 nos completed) Introducing park maintenance policy

36 Greening of Delhi Green India (34, 36,37,) MCD is engaged in preparing 10,00,000 pots of various foliage species of plants across 27 nurseries. These potted plants would be placed around stadia and other important places. For better management of park (s) () in Delhi MCD has already started encouraging participation of various stake holders and RWAs by involving them into park management by giving them direct financial assistance. Horticulture

37 Water Mission Rain water harvesting in over 350 building completed Mandatory provision introduced in Building bye laws for building above 500sq mts vide notification no N 11011/9/98 DDVI(Pt)/DDIB dated Reuse of waste water by using dual piping system Water body at Shadhdra, Roshanara garden & Naini lake under development stage. Proposed to create artificial water body / pond in MCD Parks having area of 1.5 acres and above Storm water drainage system is combined in villages Not feasible to trap combined flow for environment reason Proposed to collect & for taking it to river by separate channel only after completion of sewerage system in villages.

38 Green Cover of Delhi 30 sq. Km to 300 sq. Km in last 10 years Source : State of Forest Report (FSI)

39 1.2 million Saplings are being planted this year 0.6 million Saplings are being distributed through Department Nurseries, Petrol Pumps, CNG Stations, Mother Dairy booths etc. Delhi Parks & Garden Society has been created for maintenance of parks & gardens

40 Before 2007, there were 25 protected forests and 14 city forestsinthecityandanother 18 new city forests have been created in last two years. The govt. plans to create another 9 city forests this year. Participation of Eco Clubs, RWAs, NGOs, etc Forest CDM Project is in pipeline. Forest CDM Project is in pipeline. 140 Water bodies are being greened

41 Municipal Solid Waste 200TPDCompostplant at Okhlaoperational 200 TPD A.P.M.C Compost Plant at Tikri khurd 500TPDMCDCompostplant at Bhalswa 1300 TPD Integrated Waste Complex at Gazipur Bio gas Plant Site (under development) and 10 MW power generation ( )TPD Integrated Waste Complex at NDMC Plant Site, Sukhdev Vihar (under development) and 16 MW power generation e

42 Decentralized biodegradable waste management by Organic Waste Converter Compact machine; Wet compost in 15 minutes; Ready compost in 7 days. Odourless process.

43 Generating Public Awareness Advertisements released in Newspaper to spread environmental awareness. Digital display has been done at important traffic intersections. Metro coaches and metro stations carry environmental messages regularly. Jingle on FM radio is released. Participation in seminars, conferences, workshops, exhibitions, is a regular feature. Bus Q Shelters are also being used for the public awareness in respect of Plastic menace and Greening.

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