Water Reuse in the USA. Shivaji Deshmukh, P.E. Orange County Water District Istanbul, Turkey March 20, 2009

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1 Water Reuse in the USA Shivaji Deshmukh, P.E. Orange County Water District Istanbul, Turkey March 20, 2009

2 Water Reuse in the USA Whittier Narrows Orange County Water District Irvine Ranch Water District Upper Occoquan Sewage Authority West Basin Municipal Water District

3 Non-Potable Reuse Irvine Ranch Water District 1977 Disinfected tertiary treated product Dual distribution system ( Purple pipe )

4 Potable Reuse Whittier Narrows Surface spreading of tertiary treated water 1962 Pomona Virus Study UOSA Reservoir augmentation 1978 Advanced treated water (no membranes)

5 Industrial Applications in West Basin, CA 5 Qualities depending on Customer Needs (80,000 cubic meters per day) Tertiary: Irrigation Nitrified: Cooling Tower MF/RO: Barrier Injection Single RO: Low-pressure boiler feed Double RO: High-pressure boiler feed

6 Orange County Water District Formed in 1933 Manages and protects the Orange County groundwater basin OCWD 925 sq km in lower Santa Ana River watershed Provides 2/3 of water supply to more than 2.3 million people in north and central Orange County Groundwater demand approximately 431 million m 3/ yr

7 History of Potable Reuse at OCWD Partnership with OCSD since 1971 Water Factory 21 for seawater barrier since 1976 Lime clarification, sand filtration, GAC, Chlorine disinfection First RO treatment of recycled water in 1977 Blend of RO/GAC/Deep well water 22 MGD (30.4 million m 3 /yr) UV added for NDMA destruction in 2001 Research into RO and pretreatment Planning for (GWR System) Interim Water Factory 5 MGD (6.9 million m 3 /yr) MF/RO/UV

Northern California Delta smelt restrictions Outdated water

Predictions of Lake Mead going dry Climate change uncertainties

8 Why Do We Need the GWR System? Delta Smelt Dry Lake Mead Future imported water supply challenges Northern California Delta smelt restrictions Outdated water systems Colorado River supplies limited by 8 year drought Predictions of Lake Mead going dry Climate change uncertainties Need to expand OCWD seawater barrier Need for new water supplies to meet future growth (up to 500,000 more people)

9 What is the Groundwater Replenishment System? New wastewater purification system Expansion of world-famous Water Factory 21 Advanced purification technology Microfiltration (MF) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Ultraviolet light (UV) with hydrogen peroxide Results in 265,000 cubic meters per day of near-distilled quality water

10 GWR System Components Santa Ana River Fullerton Future Mid-Basin Injection/Recharge Santiago Creek Pacific Ocean Huntington Beach Advanced Water Purification Facility Seawater Intrusion Barrier Pumping OCWD Facilities OCSD Treatment Facilities Ocean Outfall Irvine Groundwater Basin N

Advanced Water Purification Process OCSD

Barrier Normally Goes to Ocean Backwash Sent

11 Advanced Water Purification Process OCSD Secondary Effluent Microfiltration (MF) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Ultraviolet Light (UV) with Hydrogen Peroxide Expanded Seawater Barrier Normally Goes to Ocean Backwash Sent to OCSD Brine Treated in OCSD Outfall Recharge Basins in Anaheim

polypropylene membrane Removes bacteria, protozoa, and

12 Microfiltration System 86 MGD (325,500 m 3 /day) Siemens CMF-S Microfiltration System Tiny, straw like hollow fiber polypropylene membrane Removes bacteria, protozoa, and suspended solids 0.2 micron pore size In basin submersible system

13 Reverse Osmosis System 70 MGD (265,000 m 3 /day) Reverse Osmosis System 3 stage Hydranautics ESPA-2 Membranes Recovery Rate: 85% Removes dissolved minerals, viruses, and organic compounds (incl. pharmaceuticals) Pressure range: psi

14 Ultraviolet/Advanced Oxidation System 70 MGD (265,000 m 3 /day) Trojan UVPhox System Low Pressure High Output lamp system Destroys trace organics Uses Hydrogen Peroxide to create an Advanced Oxidation Process

15 Where does GWR System Water Go? Water is injected and recharged into groundwater basin Half of water is sent to expanded seawater intrusion barrier Half of water is sent to recharge basins in Anaheim

Regulatory Oversight Regional Water Quality Control Board issues permits for recycling CA Department of Public Health regulates drinking water and establishes

16 Regulatory Oversight Regional Water Quality Control Board issues permits for recycling CA Department of Public Health regulates drinking water and establishes reclamation criteria Treatment TOC limit Travel time Blending No federal role regulating reuse CDPH hearing findings and recommendations incorporated into permit by Regional Board

Independent Advisory Panel Appointed by National Water Research Institute Leading experts in hydrogeology, chemistry, toxicology, microbiology, engineering, public health, public

17 Independent Advisory Panel Appointed by National Water Research Institute Leading experts in hydrogeology, chemistry, toxicology, microbiology, engineering, public health, public communications and environmental protection Review operations, monitoring and water quality Panel makes recommendations to OCWD and regulatory agencies to assure quality and reliability

Project Funding and Timing Cost: approximately $481 million Split equally between

8 million cubic meters of water (enough for 500,000 people each year) Built to

million in state and federal grants and an $86 million subsidy for operation and

18 Project Funding and Timing Cost: approximately $481 million Split equally between OCWD and OCSD Produces 88.8 million cubic meters of water (enough for 500,000 people each year) Built to double supply if demand increases in future Costs comparable to imported water $92 million in state and federal grants and an $86 million subsidy for operation and maintenance from Metropolitan Water District Without outside funding cost of water would be approximately $.65 per cubic meter Operational since January 2008

outfall Uses about half the energy needed to import water from Northern

19 Benefits of GWR System Protects from seawater intrusion Provides water to refill basin in times of drought and population growth Eliminates need for a new ocean outfall Uses about half the energy needed to import water from Northern California Improves water quality Model for the rest of the world Australia, Singapore, etc.

20 Public Outreach Many projects stopped by public and political opposition Outreach began early, over 10 years prior to start up Researched public concerns Face to face presentations Community leaders Measured effects of outreach Community support Outreach continues today, assisted by media interest

Strong Community Support Proactive face-to-face outreach with more than 1,200 presentations, 700 tours and many news stories that resulted in: No active opposition 100% support from local, State and

21 Strong Community Support Proactive face-to-face outreach with more than 1,200 presentations, 700 tours and many news stories that resulted in: No active opposition 100% support from local, State and Federal elected officials 100% support from businesses and major environmental groups Support from several health experts, medical doctors, hospitals, pharmacists and scientists Educational, religious, police, fire leaders, minority leaders and more than 200 community organizations