Observed Long-Term Atmospheric Trends at AMAP Sites

Transcription

1 Observed Long-Term Atmospheric Trends at AMAP Sites Hayley Hung, Yushan Su Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Canada Roland Kallenborn, Knut Breivik, Stein Manø Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway Eva Brorstrøm-Lunden Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden Kristin Olafsdottir University of Iceland, Iceland Sirkka Leppanen Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland Rossana Bossi, Henrik Skov National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Denmark Gary Stern Freshwater Institute, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, Canada Ed Sverko National Laboratory of Environmental Testing, Environment Canada, Canada Phil Fellin AirZone One, Missisauga, Canada

2 Outline Atmospheric monitoring of POPs under AMAP Temporal Trends Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) PCBs Emerging Chemicals at Alert, Nunavut, Canada Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Endosulfan I Looking Forward Passive air sampling LRT from the Pacific Rim

3 Long-term Monitoring of POPs in Air under AMAP Formed by Arctic countries: Amderma Dunai Pallas Valkarkai Zeppelin Barrow Alert Storhofdi Tagish Little Fox Lake Nuuk Kinngait Long-term Monitoring Stations Satellite Stations Figure. Arctic Air Monitoring Station Map Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, USA Biotic & Abiotic monitoring to assess pollutant impact on the Arctic AMAP Assessment Reports in 997, and 9 Scientific information to support international usage/ emission control strategies Long-term trends - assess effectiveness of control strategies, e.g. Stockholm Convention on POPs long-term sites 8 satellite sites

4 Pallas, Finland Zeppelin (Norwegian operation) Alert, Nunavut

5 AMAP Air Sampling Procedure PUF and GFF preparation Air sampling Alert weekly, 7-day (~ m ) Zeppelin 8-h (~ m ) Pallas 7-day (once/month) Storhofdi m (once/ week) PUF and filter Extraction Alert - Archived extract Data archive and interpretation AMAP database hosted by NILU Data QA/QC Sample clean-up and instrumental analysis Alert laboratory change Freshwater Institute (FWI) (99-) National Laboratory for Environmental Testing (NLET) ( present)

6 Alert a-hch Zeppelin a-hch a-hexachlorocyclohexane (a-hch) Storhofdi a-hch Pallas a-hch Pallas t / = 6. y Storhofdi t / =. y Alert 9-: t / = 5. y -5: t / = 5 y.5.5 Zeppelin t / =.7 y

7 Zeppelin g-hch Alert g-hch Storhofdi g-hch Pallas g-hch g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-hch) Pallas t / =.6 y Storhofdi t / = y Alert 9-: t / = 7. y -5: t / =.7 y Zeppelin t / =.6 y 9-: t / = 6.6 y -5: t / =. y

8 Zeppelin HCB Alert HCB Storhofdi HCB Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) Storhofdi t / = 6. y Alert Breakthrough in ~ % of all samples Zeppelin Increasing trend -6

9 Icefree Winters 5 March 6 December Short-term changes in ocean current regime along Fram-Strait 7 March 5 Upwelling of deep Atlantic waters surface water T Increased evaporation of previously deposited HCB use of HCB-contaminated pesticides, e.g. chlorothalonil, quintozene

10 PCB 5 PCB Zeppelin PCBs Similar increase in concentrations as HCB in 5 & 6

11 Emerging Chemicals at Alert

12 BDE9 BDE99 BDE PBDEs at Alert 5 BDE 99 Doubling time: y BDE 7 Doubling time: 6. y BDE 9 Doubling time:.5 y

13 Endosulfan Endosulfan I at Alert

14 Summary Temporal Trend at Arctic Stations Steady decrease for a-hch at all stations Accelerated decline of g-hch at Alert & Zeppelin in recent years due to usage control Increasing concentrations of HCB at Alert & Zeppelin may reflect decrease in sea ice coverage resulting in increased evaporation of previously deposited chemicals or usage of HCB-contaminated pesticides Emerging Chemicals at Alert Increasing concentrations of PBDEs Stable trend for current-use endosulfan I

15 Moving Forward

16 8 cm Flow-through Passive Air Sampling at Alert cm cm cm 5 cm cm 5 cm intake airflow annular bypass cm or shorter Sampling medium cm axial turbine anemomet er axial turbine Aanemom eter support struts () vertical fins () tube with honeycomb insert and two threaded ends bearing support support struts () with ring mast mount vertical fins () Xiao H, Hung H, Harner T, Lei Y D, Johnston G W, Wania F. (7) A Flow-Through Sampler for Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Air. Environ. Sci. Technol., Xiao, H., Hung, H., Harner, T., Lei, Y., Wania, F. Field Testing a Flow-Through Sampler for Semi- Volatile Organic Compounds in Air. Environ. Sci. Technol., accepted

17 Flowthrough Sampler

18 Trans-Pacific Transport to the Yukon Winter (Dec-Feb) ALERT Pesticides banned in Canada observed in Yukon traced back to air masses originated from Asia 5 days ago. TAGISH BUOY Bailey et al.,

19 International Polar Year Project of INCATPA Mt. Changbai Wudalianchi Xuencheng Canada, Russia, China, Vietnam, Japan and U.S. Intercontinental Atmospheric Transport of Anthropogenic Pollutants to the Arctic Measuring POPs & mercury in air concurrently around the Pan-pacific area Dillingham Fairbanks Use models to describe the movement of POPs & mercury Assess climate change impact of these pollutants entering the Arctic INCATPA website:

20 Acknowledgements Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Northern Contaminants Program, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada for funding the sampling at Alert Swedish-EPA (Naturvårdsverket) and The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) for the operation at Pallas The Icelandic Ministry for the Environment for measurements at Storhofdi Norwegian Pollution Control Authorities for funding the sampling at Zeppelin All site and laboratory operators and students Government of Canada Program for International Polar Year (IPY)