Irina-Anca Popescu 1, Andreea Teodor 1, C. Borcia 2, Alexandra Cucu 3

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1 IrinaAnca Popescu 1, Andreea Teodor 1, C. Borcia 2, Alexandra Cucu 3 1National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) egional Centre of Public Health Iaşi adiations Laboratory 2 Al.I. Cuza niversity of Iaşi Faculty of Physics 3NIPH egional Centre of Public Health Bucharest adiations Laboratory

2 Survey period No. of dwellings investigated Integrated measurements / dwelling (Milu et al., 1992) (Olga Iacob et al., 1996) (Dumitrescu et al., 2001) NA

3 Measurements Measurements (Bq/m 3 ) Mean Geom. Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. (Milu et al.) 119* (Iacob et al.) 348* (Dumitrescu et al.) 100 NA NA NA *EEC = Equilibrium Equivalent Concentrations Published in An overview of adon surveys in Europe European Commission, Joint esearch Center, 2005

4 eproduced with the kind courtesy of Olga Iacob (2002) Grids: 15 x 18 km

5 Target population: people living in the NorthEast region of omania Beneficiary: general population, Ministry of Health Implementation: national coordinator CPH Iaşi (egional Center of Public Health Iaşi), NCMCE (National Centre for Monitoring the isks from Community Environment) and ionizing radiation hygiene laboratories from Ministry of Health network.

6 Identifying the regions susceptible to high radon concentrations; Large sampling campaigns measurements for all regions and defining the omania radon risk map; Estimating the population health hazard associated with n exposure; Information, education and communication to the population regarding n threat exposure to their health; Implementing specific radiological protection measures to reduce n exposure.

7 A preliminary campaign started in Indoor measurements were made: on the ground floor of buildings (public places, schools, kindergartens, multifamily and/or single houses); usually in bedrooms and living rooms from cities and villages, in a large diversity of design and construction materials; for different time intervals over a whole year 2012 (winter, summer, autumn, spring) using various types of detectors. in an area of 6 counties (Bacau, Braila, Botosani, Galati, Suceava, Vrancea) from the omanian NorthEast region, representing 15.0% from national territory. Statistics of the measurements were reported using European recommendations (90/143/Euratom).

8 n concentrations (Bq/m 3 ) Location Mean values Standard deviation Min. levels Max. levels Kindergartens / Schools (indoor) Kindergartens / Schools (outdoor) 35.9 ±47% Apartments (indoor) 38.0 ±32% 111 Apartments (outdoor) Houses (indoor) ±15% ±24% Houses (outdoor) urban, rural, below detectable level

9 n concentrations (Bq/m 3 ) Location Mean values Standard deviation Min. level Max. level Schools (indoor) ±68.4% Schools (outdoor) ±93.6% ±43.5% Kindergartens (indoor) ±88% Kindergartens (outdoor) ±28.6% Apartments (indoor) 36.4 ±32.6% Apartments (outdoor) 24.9 ±4.98% Houses (indoor) Houses (outdoor) ±92.5% ±97.2%

10 For an adult exposure: mean exposure time for indoor air inhalation: 7000 h/year indoor radon equilibrium factor: 0.4 dose conversion coefficient: 6.3x10 6 Sv/Bq respiratory flow: 0.9 m 3 /h. For a child exposure: mean exposure time: 960 h/year respiratory flow: 0.7 m 3 /h. For outdoor estimations: equilibrium outdoor factor: 0.8 mean exposure time: 2000 h/year.

11 Location Mean concentration (Bq/m 3 ) Maximum concentration (Bq/m 3 ) Mean effective annual dose (msv/y) Maximum effective annual dose (msv/y) Kindergartens / Schools (indoor) Apartments (indoor) Houses (indoor) Houses (indoor)

12 Location Schools (indoor) Schools (indoor) Kindergartens (indoor) Kindergartens (indoor) Mean concentration (Bq/m 3 ) Maximum concentration (Bq/m 3 ) Mean effective annual dose (msv/y) Maximum effective annual dose (msv/y) Apartments (indoor) Houses (indoor) Houses (indoor)

13 For this preliminary campaign were analyzed 138 air measurements. The results analyzing showed: there are high values of n indoor concentrations in urban areas of Galati county the values exceeded three times the mean values ( Bq/m 3 ) in ground floors of urban area houses very high maximum values (1139 Bq/m 3 ) in old houses with adobe walls or clay tiles; therefore, the annual effective doses ( msv/year) exceeded the annual admitted limit of 1mSv/year for the general population, with maximum values of msv/year in the air of urban houses. for every measurements of outdoor radon concentrations, the calculated annual effective doses were below 1mSv/year.

14 The measured values of 222 n and 220 n concentrations are significantly higher in the cold season than in the warm season; The radon concentrations in old buildings ( 90) were higher than in the recent buildings (after 2000); There were evidence of people showing changes in health and even one death by specific conditions determined by radiation exposure only in Suceava county, even if the reported radon concentrations were under the reference level of 100 Bq/m 3, according to the recommendations of WHO/ 2009.

15 The recorded data were insufficient for a comprehensive analysis and have not yet allowed a good estimation of the exposure, risk assessment and the mapping of the region (10 x 10 km grid). For a uniform national surveillance it is imperious necessary to acquire new specific equipments and to implement confident methods for higher precision of measurements. there are ionizing radiations labs that have still old apparatus in use There is need to continue the monitoring campaigns of radon and natural radioactivity exposures with great impact on population s health status. Based on the conclusions of the final study, we shall propose new legislative initiatives for adopting the national reference levels for indoor radon concentrations.

16 Olga Iacob, Constantin Grecea: Public exposure to indoor radon and thoron progeny, High Levels of Natural adiation and adon Areas: adiation Dose and Health Effects, International Congress Series 1276, ELSEVIE, 2005, Olga Iacob, Constantin Grecea, Elena Botezatu: Population exposure to inhaled radon and thoron progeny, Natural radiation environment (NEVII), edited by J.P. McLaughlin, S.E. Simopoulos, F. Steinhausler, ELSEVIE, 2005, nited Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic adiation, NSCEA 2008 eport, Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, vol. I: Sources, eport to the General Assembly Scientific Annexes A and B, ed. nited Nations, New York, 2010 An overview of adon Surveys in Europe, European Commission, Joint esearch Center, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2005 Status of the European Indoor adon Map, T. Tollefsen, V. Gruber, P. Bossew, M. De Cort, adiation Protection Dosimetry, vol. 145, no. 23, pp Fundamental Norms for adiological Safety, approved by CNCAN President Order No. 14/2000, chapter VII The significant increase in exposure due to natural sources, Chapter VIII Implementation of radiation protection in the general population. Directive 96/29 EATOM basic standards for population radiological protection against natural radiation sources Directive 90/143 EATOM on the protection of public against the indoor radon exposure Directive E17628 / 1997 eview of CEC radon research World Health Organization, WHO Handbook on Indoor adon: A Public Health Perspective,

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