ileaps model conference report + Introduction to VISIT

Transcription

1 Dec. 4, 2007 Kakushin A1+B1 meeting ileaps model conference report + Introduction to VISIT Akihiko Ito NIES FRCGC

2 Integrated Land Ecosystem Atmosphere Processes Study IGBP core project begun from phase 2 Atmosphere-land surface interaction observation, interpretation, modeling Relate projects - FLUXNET (AsiaFlux etc.) - FLARE (fire), BOCVAS (VOC) IGAC ileaps AIMES GLP

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6 CO 2 O 3 CH 4 VOC N 2 O CO BC etc. FB FB FB FB FB FB Photosynthesis Reduction Land-use change Decomposition Wetlands Paddy fields Fertilizer

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8 Modeling CH 4 exchange Production in wetlands Consumption by uplands Problems Wetland area Water-table depth Microbial activities

9 VOC emission schemes Guenther (MEGAN) simple empirical not applicable to future? Niinemets & Arneth biochemical model applicable to future including direct CO 2 effect

10 Elevated atmospheric CO 2 level reduces isoprene emission nteractions between feedback processes

11 Models used in the presentations - LPJ and ORCHIDEE were frequently used - DNDC were used for N 2 O evaluation Insufficient validation: future works Common realization of insufficient soil model As to climatic feedback, not only carbon cycle (CO 2 ) but also methane nitrogen cycle VOC biomass burning would become necessary.

12 Kyosei-Kakushin Earth system model CO 2 feedback Cox et al. (2000) rather common ozone effect Sitch et al. (2007) CH 4 feedback Gedney et al. (2004) N 2 O feedback Fliedlingstein (?) VOC feedback Fire feedback

13 13th Workshop on Atmospheric Chemistry Akihiko Ito NIES Center for Global Environmental Researches JAMSTEC FRCGC

14 Atmosphere-land exchange of trace gases Atm. physics Atm. chemistry Impacts of land ecosystememitted trace gases such as GHG, VOC, and combustion gases [i.e. biogeochemical interactions] estimated by specific schemes ecosystem change (dynamics) affects trace gas exchnage necessity of integrated model simulating multiple trace gases

15 Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases Off-line models are replaced by VISIT Sim-CYCLE remains only in the earth system model

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17 Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases C cycle N cycle Greenhouse gases CO 2 (GPP, AR, HR) CH 4 (Produc., Oxid. N 2 O Nitrif., Denitrif. Land use change N gases N 2 Biol. Fix., Denitif. NO Denitif. NH 3 volat. Biomass burning CO 2, CO, CH 4, NMHC, NO x, SO 2, OC, BC, PM2.5, TPM, TEC BVOC Isoprene, monoterpene, Methanole, acetone, Formardehyde, acetoardehyde, acetic acid, formic acid CO

18 CO 2 Sim-CYCLE GPP light CO 2 temp soil water AR&HR temp mass CH 4 wetland Cao => Walter & Heimann upland Ridgwell N 2 O+N gases Nitrif., & denitrif. NGAS-Parton NH 3 volatiliz. Thornley Biological N 2 fix Cleveland N deposit Galloway et al Experiments 1 month step s shown CRU climate MIROC-med-A1B scenario spatial resolution: 0.5 deg

19 Photosynthesis Autotrophic respiration (plants) (Mg C/ha/yr) 0 22 Heterotrophic respiration (microbes) 0 11 Net carbon uptake 0 11 source sink

20 Upland CH 4 oxidation Wetland CH 4 emission (mg CH 4 /m 2 /yr) N 2 O emission Nitrif., & denitrif. (g CH 4 /m 2 /yr) 0 Wetlands GLWD Potential veg. SAGE Croplands SAGE 9 (g N/ha/yr) Fertilizer FAO statistics

21 Biological N 2 fixation N 2 emission by denitrification (kg N/m 2 /yr) 0 30 NH 3 volatilization NO emission by denitrification

22 Fire number & area scheme Thonicke et al. (2001) uel load and moisture uel was estimated by carbon cycle model Emission factor for biomass burning Hoelzmann et al. (2004)

23 O 2 CO H 4 NMHC C BC

24 NO x SO 2 M2.5 TPM EC Total CO Tg C nderestimation due to the lack of anthropogenic fires

25 Guenther et al. (1997: Ecol. App.) parameterization-based Emission factors from Lathière et al. (2006) Tao & Jain (2006) for CO Plannig to revise.. More realistic leaf age Predictable environmental responses Niinemetz 1999; Arneth et al. 2006

26 Isoprene Monoterpene Methanol Acetone

27 cetaldehyde Formaldehyde ormic acid Acetic acid O Total VOC 1300 Tg C verestimation due to the lack of leaf age factor

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29 GPP CO 2 fix Lat.-seasonal pattern Black Carbon Isoprene

30 Problems Uncertainty analysis and validation using observations Insufficient time resolution? Experimental design too low fire, too much BVOC

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