Sustainability and Innovation in Desalination. Corrado Sommariva

Transcription

1 International Desalination Association Desalination: The Vision of Today and the Future Sustainability and Innovation in Desalination Corrado Sommariva Managing Director generation ILF Middle east 4 March 2009

2 Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs (Bruntland 1987)

3 Viewed in terms of meeting current environmental regulations, desalination plants have a relatively low impact and. there are no significant problems in meeting regulations in particular for the seawater abstraction and brine discharge.

4 Indicator aspects within the various sustainability criteria ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Marine system Land Air Noise (ISO etc.) ENERGY Resource Conservation Technical Efficiency RESOURCES CONSUMPTION Material of construction Consumable Renewable resources Life cycle of system or Product ECONOMIC IMPACT Total prod. Costs Econ. Development - Desal. Industry - Water availability POLICY AND MUNICIPAL IMPACT NEED for water Integration of W res. Integr. Of energy systems Sulf sustainability Cross border cooperation water pricing SOCIAL IMPACT NEED for water Standard of living jobs

5 Indicator aspects within the various industry sustainability criteria Energy and carbon footprint Seawater discharge

6 Energy and carbon footprint Huge difference in power requirements between different desalination technologies

7 Kwh/m 3 of distillate produced Thermal energy converted in equivalent electric energy 15 Electric power MSF cogeneration 10 MED TVC cogeneration MED cogeneration SWRO SWRO

8 In parts of the world that are heavily reliant on coal the grid emission factor is somewhere near. 0.8 TCO 2 /MWH.

9 kg CO 2 /m 3 of distillate produced MSF cogeneration MED TVC cogeneration MED cogeneration SWRO membrane distillation

10 CO 2 in kind CO 2 emission Desalination or WW project 8 kg /yr CO 2 reduction 8 kg /yr Specific power consumption per unit of product water = 2.5 kwh/m 3 12 lit/day/tree 1.25 watt/tree Water

11 How efficiency and sustainability are interrelated? Flow rate discharge m Ecosystem = V Pollutant concentration ω m V d dt V Pollutant influent Accumulation Alteration / deterioration Pollutant removal

12 Studies have been carried out showing that potable water with TDS lower than 500 mg/l could be obtained with less than 2.5 kwh/m 3 Minimum bottom threshold for power requirements for SWRO is kwh/m 3

13 Kwh/m 3 of distillate produced Thermal energy converted in equivalent electric energy Electric power MSF cogeneration MBR MBR

14 Steam from the Plant 100% Power Condensate back to the power plant 17% Brine blow down 5% Distillate 2.6% Radiation, Vent losses, others 1.4% Seawater Drain 74%

15 Forecast desalination capacity by region future projects ( )* 53% 37% 57% * Water Desalination Report

16 Forecast desalination capacity by region future projects ( )*

17 7 million ton/day desalination 40% thermal GOR GJ/day Of thermal energy required GJ/day of thermal energy dissipated in the gulf

18 Is this really sustainable? What can be done in this respect? Optimise up-grade up-rate!!!!

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20 At a given discharge enthalpy and production plant efficiency sharply decrease the heat dissipated to the sea At high efficiency the difference between the heat dissipation with increasing plant size decrease

21 Sustainability and Innovation in Desalination : Thermal desalination Introductory Growth Maturity Decline Upgrading NF Distillate ext MED MSF Time < 8% 10-18% Cost of Sales: 20% Margin: 35% % 24-35% 8-12% 12-24%

22 Sustainability and Innovation in Desalination : Thermal desalination Unit size increase : economy of scale Material selection : Longer life of the assets Reliability and availability factors Thermodynamic design MED desalination thermo-compressor design MED-MSF extraction Increased operating temperature Matching

23 Sustainability and Innovation in Desalination : SWRO desalination Introductory Growth Maturity Decline MBR ADVANCED UF < 8% 10-18% SWRO Cost of Sales: 20% Margin: 35% % 24-35% Time 8-12% 12-24%

24 Sustainability and Innovation in Desalination : SWRO desalination Energy recovery : lower energy input Membrane development : Large size membranes Lower pressure membranes Costing Reliability and availability factors Process configuration (pressure centre etc) Ultra filtration Matching

25 Conclusions Energy footprint is one of major sustainability challenge for desalination technology The future of water demands creative solutions. It requires effective innovations and integration of energy resources to generate power and to economically create and store desalinated water This is essential to a country s sustainable development and to the security of its communities.

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