OGAR SIMONPETER OKANU.'

Transcription

1 DESIGN OF A POLLUTION PREVENTION PLANT FOR A PROCESS INDUSTRY (CASE STUDY OF NASCO DETERGENT PLANT, JOS PLATEAU. STATE) BY OGAR SIMONPETER OKANU.' 2001/11594EH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR DEGREE IN,. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NOVEMBER, 2007

2 DECLARATION I declare that this project is my original work and has never to the best of my knowledge been submitted elsewhere. 9.~-99 OGARSIMONPETER OKANU ~~\\ \~?- ' DATE 11

3 CERTIFICATION I hereby celiify that I supervised, read and approved this project work presented by OGAR, SIMON PETER OKANU ( EH) in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Chemical Engineering. Project Supervisor Date Prof. J. O. Odigure Head of Department Date Dr. M. O. Edoga External Examiner Date 111

4 DEDICATION This project research is dedicated to GOD ALMIGHTY "MY ALL SUFFICIENCY" who has been faithful to me and has kept rn,e through these academic years. IV

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I will forever be grateful to God for this privilege He granted me to complete this. academic pursuit. To God be the glory, praise a~d adoration. I love you Lord. I wish to express my profound thanks and appreciation to my supervisor, Prof. J. O. Odigure for his careful scrutiny of my work and fatherly rebuke when necessary. Thank God for bringing you my way. I can't forget you in a hun-yo God bless you sir. I want to also acknowledge my H. O. D (Chemical Engineering Department) Dr. M. O. Edoga and all the staffs of Chemical Engineering Department for their assistance in one way. or the other in making sure that I had a successful academic period. God bless you. To my beloved parent, Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Ododo Ogar, who out of the limited resources still made efforts to make sure I had a 'fruitful academic period. I will still choose you, over and over again. My siblings can't be left out in this, Jp, Madam Angel, Edition, SM (my connection), Vickcool, Oasis, and Carolcolette. You guys made this happen for me. My one and only aunty: Mary Jane. You are one in a million. Thanks for been there for me. I love you all. To Lt. Odey and. my lovely nephew, Sammy booboo thanks for your concern and support. M.y appreciation also goes to every member of the Christian Community especially. the qlaplains of the Chapel of Grace Dr. Mike Onimole and Pastor Eli Shiru Alhassan. Thanks for been there for me. The Chairm~n Christian Community Dr. Ben Atsumbe, the members of chapel council, not forgetting Dr. Mrs. Mogbo, Uncle Mathew K.olo, Aunty Ruth Araga, Thanks for all your care. God bless you all. To the members of His Dwelling Place, Fellowship of Christian Students, FUT, Minna especially the main executives of 2006/2007 session. You guys are the bomb. Thank God that I ever met you. I believe in you all. I cant forget my guardian Mr. Aduro Peter of DHL and his family who treated me as one of them. I really do appreciate you. Certain people are worthy of mention. People who gave their time, advice and money to make sure am here today. such people like: Engr. v

6 & Mrs. Mike Duru, Mr. & Mrs. Francis Obri, Mr & Mrs Lawrence Ajite, Mr Farinloye Babatunji, Pst Chris Oyakhilome, Pastor James Agi, Pastor Gabriel Odey, Pst Harrish, Pst John Inaku, Pst Dave Achoda, Pst DeoHu Tella, Pst Akin of Sure House, Kubwa, Abuja, Mr & Mrs Dave Ataben, Mr Achoda Ogbudu, Pst Francis Ishagba, Sir & Lady Henry Ogar, Mr & Mrs. Bernard Abladoyin, Engr & Mrs. Peter Wonah. My wonderful friends are most appreciated here, Jumbolala, Lenge, Coozy, Lt Anyogo, Madam Ogbonya, Irene, Sandra, Franklin Ekaji, Uztaz Hassan Adejo, Sherry Shock, Vanessa, Istifanus: my wonderful roommate, omofuma, Virginia Ugor, Oyakoru, Jimmy, Felicia Oka~1U, Felicia Ogbaji, Mosgbor, Victor Achoda, Simonpeter Ogbu. I don't have the luxury of time and space to put down everyone of my dearest, but I truly do appreciate all your efforts in every way. We all I'nade this happen, I Love you all and God bless you greatly. Vl

7 TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENTS TITLE PAGE DECLARATION CERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT PAGES i ii iii iv v-vi vii-x xi CHAPTER ONE l.0 INTRODUCTION 1:1 LEGISLATION i 1 1.'2 ADVANTAGES 2 l.3 IMPLENTA TION 1.4 AIM'AND OBJECTIVES. l.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT 1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK 2 2 '2-3 3 CHAPTER TWO 2,0. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 SULPHUR DIOXIDE 'l.1 2.l.2 2.l.3 SOURCE OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ,l.4 POSSIBLE HEALTH CONCERNS CONTROLLING LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 7 " VI1

8 2.2 AIR POLLUTION MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS 9 2."2.2 HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS ACID RAIN CAUSE OF RAIN WATER EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN ' l VEGETATION AQUATIC LIFE BUILDING MATERIALS SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUND USES OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR DIOXIDE AS A POLLUTANT SULPHUR ACID REACTIOINS OF SULPHURIC ACID USES OF SULPHURIC ACID ECONOMICS OF SULPHUR ACID MANUFACTURE METHODS OF REMOVING SULPHUR DIOXIDE FROM FLUE GASES METHODOLOGY DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE WET PROCESS 20 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 MATERIAL BALANCE CALCULATION 23 3.l SUMMARY OF UNITS, BRIEF DESCRIPTION AND BASIC ASSUMPTIONS DETAILED MATERIAL BALANCE CALCULATION ACROSS EACH EQUIPMENT ENERGY BALANCE ACROSS THE SCRUBBER ENERGY BALANCE ACROSS THE HEATER 43

9 3.3 DETAILED DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT DESIGN OF SCRUBBER CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 4;] RESULTS SUMMARY OF MATERIAL BALANCE SUMMARY OF ENERGY BALANCE SUMMARY OF SCRUBBER DESIGN 4.2. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS 5.1 CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES IX

10 ABSTRACT The objective of this project is to design a plant to reduce or completely eliminate sulphur dioxide (S02) pollutant from a sulphuric acid manufacturing plant. The amount of sulphur dioxide as a pollutant from Sulphuric acid manufacturing plant was' calculated from the total production capacity of the plant. The production capacity of, ' the sulphuric plant was 100,000 tom1e per year from which about 3% of it was the mi10l1l1t of sulphur dioxide produced as pollutant amounting to about 3,000 tonne' per year. Literature shows that the amount of sodium dioxide in the sodium sulphite solutioii has a concentration of about 15% and the water in excess. Therefore, the stoichiometric reaction produced a salt solution of sodium bisulphite which is sent to the evaporator to ' increase the concentration of sodium bisulphite. and finally forms crystals. The energy ' balance across each equipment was also calculated base on the amount of components in each stream from the material balance calculation. The difference between the output enthalpy and the input enthalpy gives us the heat load across each equipment. Finally a detailed design including the mechanical design of the scrubber was carried out which gives the cross sectional area of the scrubber to be m 2, the diameter of the scrubber calculated as 0.245m, the height of packing found to be 2.5m and finally the' total pressure drop was found to be * 10"3 atm. x