Gasification for power, heat, fuels & chemicals Strategic insights for implementation

Transcription

1 Gasification for power, heat, fuels & chemicals Strategic insights for implementation Dr Geraint Evans Programme Manager Bioenergy and CCS, ETI SMi - 5 th December Energy Technologies Institute LLP The information in this document is the property of Energy Technologies Institute LLP and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Energy Technologies Institute LLP This information Energy is given Technologies in good faith based Institute upon the latest LLP information - Subject available to to notes Energy on Technologies page 1Institute LLP, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Energy Technologies Institute LLP or any of its subsidiary or associated companies.

2 Agenda ETI Importance of bioenergy and value in the energy system Why is gasification important? What is gasification? Value in the UK setting UK and beyond gasification landscape Lessons learned, future direction

3 What is the ETI? The ETI is a public-private partnership between global energy and engineering companies and the UK Government. ETI members Targeted development, demonstration and de-risking of new technologies for affordable and secure energy Shared risk ETI programme associate 2.

4 ETI Invests in projects at 3 levels 9 Technology Programme areas Delivering... New knowledge Technology development Technology demonstration Reduced risk 3.

5 A route to meeting - 80% CO2 for the UK Power now, heat next, transport gradual cost optimal CCS commercialised, renewables & nuclear deployed Heat (buildings) reducing as gas boilers swap to electric, H 2, District Heating Negative emissions through bioenergy + CCS Power almost zero carbon Heat almost zero carbon; transport remains -80% target (net) Intl Aviation & Shipping Transport Sector Buildings Sector Power Sector Other conversion Industry Sector Other CO2 Biogenic credits Bio credits, including negative emissions Chart data from base case v4.3 4

6 Why is ETI interested in gasification? Two key insights from BVCM modelling The sector will need a combination of feedstocks Gasification key bioenergy enabler resilient

7 Biomass many types & sources available Wastes including waste wood Forest derived long rotation forestry (LRF) Energy crops Agricultural residues such as straw Sugars, oils, starches

8 Variety of outputs almost all require a cleaned gas Gasification to yield an ultra-clean tar free syngas direct combustion chemical synthesis Furnace / Boiler Methane (biosng) Engine / Turbine Fuel cell Hydrogen Fischer Tropsch Ethanol (fermentation) Mixed alcohols DiMethylEther (DME) Methanol synthesis Carbon monoxide CO 2 capture CO 2 (n/a for H 2 turbine) Diesel / jet fuel n-paraffins MTO / MOGD Formaldehyde Acetyls chemicals, materials & secondary products CO 2 storage for negative emissions Fuels & secondary products Heat Power (& heat) Courtesy of NNFCC CO 2 Ammonia Fertilisers

9 Gasification converts the energy held within a difficult to use solid fuel into an easier to use gas. To best use the gasifier product gas we must clean it In general We want the green ones We can live with the grey ones We don t want the orange ones Gasification particulates Halides H CH 4 CO 2 (N H 2 O 2 ) Lower HC s Sulfur Tars CO 2

10 Cleaned syngas can yield a wide variety of products Gasification to yield an ultra-clean tar free syngas direct combustion chemical synthesis Furnace / Boiler Methane (biosng) Engine / Turbine Fuel cell Hydrogen Fischer Tropsch Ethanol (fermentation) Mixed alcohols DiMethylEther (DME) Methanol synthesis Carbon monoxide CO 2 capture CO 2 (n/a for H 2 turbine) Diesel / jet fuel n-paraffins MTO / MOGD Formaldehyde Acetyls chemicals, materials & secondary products CO 2 storage for negative emissions Fuels & secondary products Heat Power (& heat) Courtesy of NNFCC CO 2 Ammonia Fertilisers

11 Gasification is not just the single gasifier reactor: syngas must be conditioned and cleaned Waste / biomass Gasifier O 2 Air Ash removal High temperature treatment Cleaning / conditioning Engine exhaust to Air Pollution control Engine / generator Test facility Raw syngas Ash free raw syngas Tar free syngas Ultra clean & tar free syngas e.g. FT test

12 To use syngas most efficiently and to yield added value uses, it must firstly be cleaned.

13 From knowledge building to demonstration Projects Support EFW project Appraise ( ) WG Phase 1 Select ( ) Members ETI staff External reviewers Technology development Contract shaping Define ( ) Professional DD Professional services Selected Technology WG demo project Execute ( )

14 ETI s 1.5 MWe waste gasification project, Wednesbury Loughborough 50 miles 15.

15 count Current gasification landscape in UK 7 Type 1 No gas cleaning Type 2 Gas cleaning but no tar removal Improved steam boiler efficiency & reliability Type 3 Gas cleaning & tar removal Allows syngas use in engines, gas turbines, chemical synthesis planned In construction built planned In construction built planned In construction 5 built but 3 non operational unclear unclear unclear type 1/2 type 1/2 type 1/2 type 3 type 3 type 3 Egnedol + Lockheed Martin APP + Kew built <3 Mwe 3-10 Mwe >10 Mwe 11.

16 Current gasification landscape - Types 1 and 2 Type 1 projects more bankable than Type 3 As of 2015: 3 operational in 2015 are not now; 2 decommissioned; >50 in planning process; 5 in construction 2 or 3 now operational? 2018 examples Birmingham Biopower (updraft) Hull EnergyWorks (FB) No Type 2 projects in UK lack of DH network infrastructure plus policy allows, & therefore drives investment into Type 1 Mainly in Scandinavia High energy efficiency around 80% because of waste heat use. Lahti (hot gas cleaning before combustion in gas boiler) (FB) Vaskiluoto (co-fires cleaned gas in coal fired power station) (FB)

17 Current gasification landscape Type 3 Increasing focus on Type 3 which promise to be able to deliver the gasification opportunity Excluding sub 1 MWe projects, some notable misfortunes Built: Arbre, Teessidex2, Plymouth (and abroad, e.g. Choren in Germany, Gobigas in Sweden) Refgas now built in Swindon (downdraft); Syngas Products In construction: Kew (FB) and APP (FB) in construction commissioning 2018 Planned: F4C gasification based projects (Johnson Matthey, Kew Technology, Progressive Energy, Standard Gas, Velocys). Abroad BioTfuel (France) in commissioning; for FT fuels (FB) Enerkem/AkzoNobel, Rotterdam for chemicals (FB) 2021 plan Fulcrum Bioenergy (USA) fuels (FB with external heating) in construction Gussing, Austira - CHP plus demonstrations of H 2, FT (indirect FB) KIT (Austria) large scale research for methanol (FB) aka Bioliq Skive, Denmark CHP via engines (FB) SynTech/Royal Dahlman, India (indirect FB) Sub 1 MWe Numbers of kw scale downdraft gasifiers operating in UK Useful (if incomplete wrt UK projects) 2016 summary available from IEA task 33 gy.com/download.php?fi le=files/file/2016/status %20report-corr_.pdf

18 Findings from ETI gasification programme Gasification offers a number of benefits in the UK setting Flexible in feedstock and outputs - resilience Comparable/better efficiencies compared with other technologies, especially at smaller scales Gasification of wastes and use of syngas in an engine is technically feasible ETI s targets are achievable Potential to be cost competitive with other sources of renewable power scope to reduce costs as experience is gained (especially procurement costs). 17.

19 Learning from others Careful and considered approach to scale up is needed Convening capital for future demo projects & delivering acceptable returns is hugely challenging Fully funded doesn t mean fully funded Costs are uncertain scope changes as move from FEED to Detailed Design Feedstock understanding and handling is a key challenge Reliability, in first year, can be poor Use of revenue type subsidies (RO, RTFO etc.) is challenging Delays First year reliability

20 Some key lessons learned so far Engineering cost changes can be a challenge at FOAK stage Cultural engineering differences (engineering approach, design standards) SME skill sets and new to UK technologies limits experience available to EPC s e.g. LOPA, Hazardous area classifications HSE management needs to be well led Chartered IOSH level Structured / staged approach to Project Management Different types of Project Management at different stages Effective risk management strategy in place Wider elements of competitor analysis sometimes not recognised Financing / legal controls need careful and ongoing management Cash flow management Contractuals Starting at the beginning, use of effective organisation processes including Governance. e.g. document management 17.

21 Innovation support - looking forwards Innovative grant support has been provided by DfT competitions i.e. F4C State Aids: private capital still needed PPP model allowed ETI to 100% fund (but wasn t perfect) There is a need to drive innovation with a focus on the valley of death and also perhaps beyond FOAK ETI PPP model is one option stability, risk sharing, avoids short termism, SME support Agility and flexibility are needed when delivering innovation projects. Policy makers are keen to support gasification (especially heat & hvy duty) Need support technically, from the system perspective in particular Evidence and analytical skills Likely to need innovative delivery mechanisms Technical support during delivery phases

22 Summary Importance of bioenergy and value in the energy system Bioenergy is, & will continue to be, an important part of the UK s renewable energy mix Why is gasification important? Ability to be feedstock flexible Scenario resilient power/heat, fuels, chemicals What is gasification? Conversion of difficult to use solid fuel into an easier to use gaseous form ready for conversion Clean syngas is critical to delivering the opportunity offered Future direction and trends Development via power should facilitate potential Innovative Government support working in collaboration with Industry crucial

23 Registered Office Energy Technologies Institute Charnwood Building Holywell Park Loughborough LE11 3AQ For all general enquiries telephone the ETI on For more information about the ETI visit For the latest ETI news and announcements The ETI can also be followed on