TMDLs & Storm Water. Connecting the Pieces. Minnesota PCA Technical Workshop St. Paul, MN. February 14, Discussion Lead: Bruce Cleland

Transcription

1 TMDLs & Storm Water Connecting the Pieces Minnesota PCA Technical Workshop St. Paul, MN February 14, 2006 Discussion Lead: Bruce Cleland Office of Wetlands, Oceans & Watersheds -- Watershed Branch 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW (4503T) Washington, DC

2 Discussion Overview Points to look for Linkage to Implementation Practical approaches Learning experience & examples Review of Key Issues Adaptive management Benchmarks Monitoring Questions & Feedback

3 Watershed Plan Development Problem Solving Framework Practical approach using key questions WHY the concern WHAT reductions are needed WHERE are the sources WHO needs to be involved WHEN will actions occur

4 WHERE are the Sources Hazard / Delivery

5 WHERE are the Sources Prioritizing Assessment Efforts

6 WHERE are the Sources Prioritizing Assessment Efforts Focus: Source Areas & Delivery Mechanisms EXAMPLE Duration Curve Zone Contributing Source Area High Moist Mid-Range Dry Low Point source M H Septics & Illicit Connections M M-H H H H Riparian areas H H M Stormwater: Impervious Surfaces H H H M Construction Site Runoff H H M M CSO's H H H Note: Bank erosion H M Potential relative importance of source area to contribute loads under given hydrologic condition (H: High; M: Medium; L: Low)

7 WHO Needs to be Involved Treatment Partnerships

8 WHO Needs to be Involved Restoration / Protection Partnerships

9 WHO Needs to be Involved Developing Solutions Connect WQ concerns to potential programs Watershed Condition -- Hydrologic

10 WHO Needs to be Involved Developing Solutions Connect WQ concerns to potential areas Contributing Areas

11 Developing Solutions Linking to Implementation Efforts Focus: Source Areas & Delivery Mechanisms Example: Storm Water PPP Elements Illicit Connections (e.g. detection & elimination) Site Construction (e.g. channel stabilization, bank protection) Post Development (e.g. channel stabilization, bank protection) Pollution Prevention & Housekeeping

12 Connecting the Pieces Stormwater Management Treatment Methods Stormwater Ponds Stormwater Wetlands Infiltration Systems Filtration Systems Alternatives (not all inclusive) Stream Buffers Disconnection Programs

13 Connecting the Pieces Developing Solutions Focus: Potential Management Practices EXAMPLE Duration Curve Zone Source Area High Moist Mid-Range Dry Low Point source controls L L M H H Illicit Detection & Elimination M M-H H H H CSO repair / abatement H H H SSO repair / abatement M H H Riparian buffers H H H Construction site BM Ps H H M M Pet waste education & ordinances M H H Post development BMPs H H M M Potential for effective load reductions under given hydrologic condition

14 Connecting the Pieces Developing Solutions Erosion Control Actions

15 Connecting the Pieces Developing Solutions Illicit Connection Detection & Elimination

16 Connecting the Pieces Developing Solutions Potential Actions (i.e. SWPPP Elements) Duration Curve Zone Management Practice High M oist M id-range Dry Low Bacteria Source Reduction Remove Illicit Discharges Address Pet & Wildlife Waste Combined Sewer Overflow M anagement Combined Sewer Separation CSO Prevention Practices Septic System Management Managing Private Systems Replacing Failed Systems Installing Public Sewers Note : Potential relative importance of management practice effectiveness under given hydrologic condition (H: High; M: Medium; L: Low)

17 Connecting the Pieces Developing Solutions Potential Actions (i.e. SWPPP Elements) Duration Curve Zone Management Practice High M oist M id-range Dry Low Storm Water Infiltration / Retention Infiltration Basin Infiltration Trench Infiltration / Biofilter Swale Storm Water Detention Created Wetland Low Impact Development Practices Disconnecting Impervious Areas Bioretention Pervious Pavement Green Roof Rain Gardens Note : Potential relative importance of management practice effectiveness under given hydrologic condition (H: High; M: Medium; L: Low)

18 Connecting the Pieces Developing Solutions Potential Actions (i.e. SWPPP Elements) Duration Curve Zone Management Practice High M oist M id-range Dry Low Agricultural Management Practices Managing Manure Application Pasture / Grazing Management Managing Barnyards Managing Recreational Sources Designate No Discharge Areas Address Discharges from Boats Note : Potential relative importance of management practice effectiveness under given hydrologic condition (H: High; M: Medium; L: Low)

19 Innovative Approaches Background Issue: Use of Surrogate Measures TMDLs may be expressed as mass per unit time, toxicity, or other appropriate measure FACA Report Reinforced concept on use of surrogate measures

20 TMDLs & Stormwater Vermont & Watershed Permits Overview State 303(d) list -- includes waters for biological impairments due to stormwater 2001: Hannaford / Lowe s Case - Focus: New or increased stormwater discharges to impaired waters - Decision: Valid cleanup plan needed

21 TMDLs & Stormwater Vermont & Watershed Permits Overview 2002: Vermont Legislature Act Authorized ANR to develop stormwater cleanup plans (i.e. Watershed Improvement Permits or WIPs) - Focus: Implementation of source controls 2003: Water Resources Board Decision - No reasonable assurance that WIPs will achieve VWQS (i.e. biocriteria) in a 5-year period - Initiated Stormwater Investigation Docket

22 TMDLs & Stormwater Vermont & Watershed Permits Stormwater Investigation Docket (2004) Addressed seven questions identified by Board Included Stormwater Cleanup Plan Framework Consists of three-phase approach - Phase 1: List Verification - Phase 2: Stormwater Management Plan Development - Phase 3: Implementation & Adaptive Management

23 TMDLs & Stormwater Vermont & Watershed Permits Stormwater Management Plan (Phase 2) Restore appropriate of water flow & sediment load - Biology & channel condition inform analysis - Address bank erosion through hydrology targets Specify mix of management measures in the plan - Risk assessment approach to identify Stormwater Impact Areas (SIAs), e.g. greatest contributors - SIA scores connect hydrology / sediment targets to actions needed for plan implementation

24 TMDLs & Stormwater Vermont & Watershed Permits Stormwater Management Plan Development Larger context also considered - Riparian protection & other conservation measures - MS4, MSGP, & construction site general permits - Potential for offsets Implementation & Adaptive Management Focus monitoring on indicators of - Implementation of stormwater management actions - Changes in primary stressors (e.g. flow, sediment) - Condition of biology & in-stream habitat

25 Innovative Approaches Surrogate Measures & Storm Water Finding Meaningful Indicators Example -- Vermont Allocating sediment complicated by bank erosion Hydrologic targets are primary drivers for management strategies & permits Allocating excess stormwater runoff offers meaningful linkage to implementation activities ISSUE: Stormwater Runoff as TMDL Indicator

26 Connecting the Pieces Stormwater Management Treatment Standards Extreme Flood Protection Overbank Flood Protection Channel Protection Water Quality Treatment Groundwater Recharge

27 Innovative Approaches Surrogate Measures & Storm Water Connecting with Implementation

28 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Identify key relationships

29 Innovative Approaches Recognize RHA data Logic Path

30 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Focus: Condition of bottom substrate

31 Innovative Approaches Logic Path (from Simon & Hupp, 1986)

32 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Utilize RGA information

33 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Focus: Timing on Delivery of Storm Water

34 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Focus: Timing of in-stream response

35 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Bank Erosion & Channel Scour τ 0 = γ w R s (lb / sq. ft.)

36 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Flow (gaging & modeling)

37 Innovative Approaches Logic Path Effect of Land Use Change

38 TMDLs & Storm Water Allocation Development Alternative: Hydrology-based Framework

39 Problem Solving Framework Adaptive Management Plan development using best available data Phased implementation with measurable milestones Iterative approach evaluate results & enhance plan, as appropriate Focus - cumulative reductions in loading

40 Connecting the Pieces MS4 Permits Adaptive Management Process for ensuring storm water pollution reduced to MEP Benchmarks provide connection to TMDLs & WLAs Performance measures identified to assess BMP effectiveness Monitoring & analysis used to measure progress towards achieving benchmarks

41 TMDLs & Storm Water Opportunities Benchmarks: Connect to Program Objectives

42 TMDLs & Storm Water Opportunities Benchmarks: Connect to Program Objectives Objective: Measure Effectiveness of SWPPP May be a range (recognize variability) Tool for guiding: Adaptive Management

43 TMDLs & Storm Water Opportunities Benchmarks: Connect to Program Objectives Keep in Mind Use TMDLs to guide development of SWPPPs that are: Meaningful Effective

44 TMDLs & Storm Water Getting to Solutions WQ Concern (TMDL) Illicit Connections Bacteria, Nutrients Condition (Benchmark) Dry, Low Flows Solution (BMP) Detection & Elimination

45 TMDLs & Storm Water Getting to Solutions WQ Concern (TMDL) Illicit Connections Bacteria, Nutrients Condition (Benchmark) Dry, Low Flows Solution (BMP) Detection & Elimination

46 TMDLs & Storm Water Getting to Solutions WQ Concern (TMDL) Site Construction Sediment Condition (Benchmark) Mid-range, Moist, High (surface erosion events) Solution (BMP) Silt fence, mulch, etc.

47 TMDLs & Storm Water Getting to Solutions WQ Concern (TMDL) Site Construction Sediment Condition (Benchmark) Mid-range, Moist, High (surface erosion events) Solution (BMP) Silt fence, mulch, etc.

48 TMDLs & Storm Water Getting to Solutions WQ Concern (TMDL) Post Development Aquatic Biota, Sediment Condition (Benchmark) High Flows Solution (BMP) Post Development BMPs, LID, etc.

49 TMDLs & Storm Water Getting to Solutions WQ Concern (TMDL) Post Development Aquatic Biota, Sediment Condition (Benchmark) High Flows Solution (BMP) Post Development Structural BMPs, LID, etc.

50 TMDLs & Storm Water Opportunities Monitoring & Storm Water Management Plans Characterization Benchmark development Translating TMDLs & plans into actions with results

51 Monitoring Focus Build on Success Documenting Results (CSO & stormwater control)

52 Monitoring Focus Build on Success Documenting Results (septics & illegal connections)

53 Monitoring Focus Build on Success Documenting Results (erosion control program)

54 Problem Solving Framework Public Involvement Fundamental to successful watershed plan development & implementation Challenge of explaining technical concepts & information in plain English Enormous effort, time, & resources to achieve meaningful participation Genuine commitment to listen, consider, & utilize citizen input

55 TMDLs & Storm Water Driving Principles Discussion Time Technically-based (logic path) Meaningful (easily understood) Value-added (connect to implementation efforts designed to solve problem)