New emission limits in the Netherlands

Transcription

1 New emission limits in the Netherlands Pieter Kroon; EGTEI subgroup meeting Zürich March

2 Introduction PM 10 levels in Europe and the Netherlands New Dutch legislation for 1-50 MWth Discussion about new legislation < 1 MWth. Cost remarks

3 Particulates (fine dust) concentrations are still too high in Europe The annual average PM 10 limit EU is 40µg/m 3 since WHO annual mean guideline value PM μg/m 3. But WHO: there is no level without health damage. EEA 2007: Across Europe particle pollution (PM 10 & PM 2.5 ) is thought to reduce average life expectancy by 8 months. The Netherlands early deaths/year by PM. EU 2004 Green <20 μg/m3 Sources: Air pollution in Europe EEA report no and:

4 Current PM 10 levels Today March 26 Tuesday March 23

5 New PM emission limits in the Netherlands (1) Old regulation ~ 14 years old; New decree sets limits at BBT level Range: 1-50 MW th New installations April 2010 / Existing January 2017 Gas incl. biogas: no national limits Natural gas almost no emission Industrial gases local authority can set limits Oil incl. bio-oil: 5 mg PM/nm 3 at 3% O 2 No cost estimates: proper burners will do for gasoil Why set les stringent limits for more polluting heavy oil? Dutch Action Plan on dust wants a 5 mg/m 3 limit on all industrial emissions, incl. industrial processes. Source: The Dutch degree on emission limits for medium size combustion plants (BEMS)

6 New PM emission limits in the Netherlands (2) Solids incl. coal: 5 mg/nm 3 at 6% O 2 Old value since mg/nm 3 at 6% O 2 Almost not used anymore because stringent limits Unofficial policy: no new installations (kind of phasing out ). Biomass 5-50 MW th : 5 mg/nm 3 at 6% O 2 (2.7 at 13% O 2 ) (could be reached with a fabric filter) Biomass 1-5 MWth: 20 mg/nm 3 at 6% O 2 (10.6 at 13% O 2 ) (could be reached with an ESP) 15 year old value MW 75 mg/m 3 at 6% O 2 (40 at 13% O 2 ) 15 year old value MW 37 mg/m 3 at 6% O 2 (20 at 13% O 2 ) Why less stringent limits for < 5 MWth: Costs; Comments from industry; Policy support for biomass

7 Wood combustion in the Netherlands Number x 1000 Fuel use PJ Households Wood fireplaces (open) 300 4% % Wood fireplaces (inserts) 300 4% % Wood stoves 200 3% % Wood Centrale heating boilers 1 0% % Industrial wood boilers < 100 kw KW >1000 kw PM10 emission from wood in the Netherlands 1.7 kton = 3.5% of Dutch emission for 0.6% of the fuel use

8 Discussion started on boilers < 1 MWth Planned new limits July 2011 But interaction with ECOdesign for < 400 kw No decision yet what to do about this Wood boilers 15 year old value MW 75 mg/m 3 at 6% O 2 (40 at 13% O 2 ) (Needs kind of filter equipment) Industry suggested 20 mg/m 3 at 13% O 2 for < 1.5 MW as feasible (ESP) For smaller installations < 0.5 MW old value 50 mg/m 3 at 6% O 2 (80 at 13% O 2 ) Most PM-wood emissions from household stoves and not from boilers Industries main concern is about NO x -level. BBT for pellets is not the same as for chips and other waste wood. Because the fuel is cheap, there is room for extra environmental cost What will come out?????? 20 mg/m 3 for MWth?? Waiting for Ecodesign for <0.4 MWth?? Or setting an emission level on yes/no ESP level for small industry or even households.

9 Specific reduction costs /kg PM 10 Depends on cost of the additional equipment But also on: annual burning hours; unabated emission level; local situation Already in legislation: ESP for 1-5 MWth wood boilers /kg PM 10 Filters on diesel trucks /kg PM 10 Options: Replacing in 2020 old unapproved stoves by approved /kg PM 10 ESP (1500 ) on household stoves /kg PM 10