69 July - December 2017; 3(2) : FEAT JOURNAL. Kongjak Lomwichai *, Pansa Liplap and Weerachai Arjharn 160 W

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1 69 FARM ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL BIO-METHANE PRODUCTION FROM CASSAVA PULP USING ULTRASONIC WAVE AS A PRETREATMENT PROCESS *, Kongjak Lomwichai *,Pansa Liplap and Weerachai Arjharn School of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Received: Accepted: W (0.5-40w/v10-30 min 225w/v 20 min ±1.51mLCH 4 /gvs added 400w/v 20 minmlch 4 /gvs added

2 70 month-month, 2015; Vol.xx(No.xx):pp.-pp. : Abstract This Cassava pulp is a residue in starch production industry. It can be value added by using to produce biomethane as a source of energy. However, a pretreatment process is required prior to its production. In this research, the enhancement of biomethane production from cassava pulp was studied using ultrasonic wave with power of 160 W as a pretreatment process. The effects of cassava pulp concentration ( % w/v) and ultrasonic wave treating time (10-30 min) on physical structure, chemical composition and biomethane potential were investigated. Results showed that ultrasonic wave treatment caused changes in cassava pulp fiber, creating more porous and loose structure. Moreover, When the treated samples were subsequently used to produce biomethane, the cassava pulp concentration of 2. 25% w/ v and ultrasonic wave treating time of 20 min gave the highest methane yield of ±1.51 mlch 4 /gvs added while the lowest methane yield was found with the condition of 4.00% w/v and 20 min with the value of 70.26±7.92 mlch 4 /gvs added Keywords: Cassava Pulp Methane Pretreatment *: : nenvi_13@hotmail.com, : , : [1] [2] -- [3-5]

3 July FEAT - December JOURNAL 2017; month-month, 3(2) : ; Vol.xx(No.xx):pp.-pp. (Pretreatment) (Pretreatment) 24 [6] 250 mesh Seed 2 2

4 72 month-month, 2015; Vol.xx(No.xx):pp.-pp. ( Moisture content (Starch) Total Solids) (Volatile Solids) TCODSCOD (Scanning Electron microscope) SEM (JEOL - JSM - 601OLV - USA), Gas Chromatograph GC - 14B thermal conductivity detector (TCD) Stainlesssteel column pack with Molecular sieve 5A mesh 30/60, 2m x 3 mm injection column TCD detector C He carrier gas 50 ml/min (Biochemical Methane Potential, BMP) 120 ml working volume) 60 ml VS 15 g/l NaHCO3 20 g/l alkalinity TS w/v Incubator Shaker 120 rpm

5 July FEAT - December JOURNAL 2017; month-month, 3(2) : ; Vol.xx(No.xx):pp.-pp. 35 C Technical data Specification Ultrasonic Generator Model : AG 1007 Power Max 300 W Operating Frequency 20kHz - 1MHz Dimensions (mm) 135 x 254 x 385 Weight 12 kg Power supply V ac, Hz, 4.5 A Ultrasonic Transducer Model:HNC-8SH-3840 Frequency 45 KHz Static capacitance 3800 ± 10 % Resonance impedance 20 ohm Size (Dia. * Hight) 48*51 Power 60W Moisture (%) Starch (%) (% dry weight) TS (g/kg dry weight) VS (g/kg dry weight) Cellulose (% dry weight) 1.48 Hemi-cellulose 1.72 (% dry weight) Lignin (% dry weight) [7]

6 74 month-month, 2015; Vol.xx(No.xx):pp.-pp. Methane yield 20 Methane yield 34% Methane yield 2.25% Rm 2.25% (Biochemical Methane Potential, BMP) BMP Methane yield 40 Methane yield Methane (1)(Gompertz equation)[8 ] H) (Rm) () 5 Methane yield

7 July FEAT - December JOURNAL 2017; month-month, 3(2) : ; Vol.xx(No.xx):pp.-pp. H( t) H exp exp t) 1 (1) Rme H 75 H(t) =, mlch 4 H =,mlch 4 =, d Rm =, ml/d T =, d e = Methane yield TS (, w/v) Methane yield (mlch 4 /gvs added ) H (mlch 4 ) Rm (mlch 4 /d) TS 0.5 (Pretreatment 20 min) ± TS 1 (Pretreatment 27 min) ± TS 2.25 (3)(Pretreatment 20 min) ± TS 3.5 (Pretreatment 27 min) ± TS 4 (Pretreatment 20 min) 70.26± (d) 4. W (0.5-w/v) -min) (TS) 2.25 (w/v)methane yield (267.07±1.51 mlch 4 /gvs added ) 55 TS4 (w/v) Methane yield (70.26±7.92mLCH 4 /gvs added )

8 76 month-month, 2015; Vol.xx(No.xx):pp.-pp. 5. Industrial Residue. II: Cassava Bagasse. Bioresource Technology. 2000; 100: [6] Gunaseelan V. Nallathambi. Biochemical Methane Potential of Fruit and Vegetable Solids Waste Feedstock. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2004; 26(4): [7] Grethlein HE. The Effect of Pore Size Distribution on the Rate of Enzymatic [1] Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Substrates. Nat Biotech. 1985; 3(2): ). [ 2 [8]Ho J., and Sung S. Methanogenic activities in 2558]. : Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBR) statistic/export/exca1.xls Treating Synthetic Municipal Wastewater. [2].. Bioresource Technology. 2010; 101(7): [ ]. : org/ttsa/aboutus/aboutus2.htm [3] Euis H, Jun IA, Djumali M, Titi CS, Ono S, Bambang P. Hydrolysis of Carbohydrates in Cassava Pulp and Tapioca Flour Under Microwave. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry. 2011; 11: [4] Siriporn C, Yuka M, Wonop V, Kota O, Gaku HL, Kazuhiko I. Application of Thermphilic Enzymes and Water Jet System Tocassavapulp. Bioresource Technology. 2012; 126: [5] Pandey A, Soccol CR, Nigam P, Soccol VT, Vanderbergehe LPS, Mohan R. Biotechnological Potential of Agro-